賓語的定義及用法

1、賓語：指一個動作（動詞）的接受者，常置于動詞之后，也有雙賓語結(jié)構(gòu)eg:he gave me a book，類似擁有me和book兩個賓語的句子叫賓語）賓語從句（object clauses）用法賓語從句的連接詞：結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+謂語+賓語（陳述語序） 【注意：1引導(dǎo)詞.that 2語序v.+主+謂 由if、whether引導(dǎo)賓語從句 3時態(tài)：A.主句-現(xiàn)在時 從句-任一時態(tài)】1. 、從屬連詞連接賓語從句的從屬連詞主要有that,if,whether，和疑問詞（what， how， where， when .)。that引導(dǎo)表示陳述句的賓語從句，if和whether，whether.or not引導(dǎo)

2、表示“是否”的一般疑問句的賓語從句。He told me (that ）he would go to college the next year.他告訴我他明年上大學(xué)。I dont know if/whether there will be a bus any more.我不知道這里是否會繼續(xù)有公交車了（二）關(guān)聯(lián)代詞連接代詞主要有who,whom,whose,what,whoever,whomever,whosever,whatever,whichever等。連接代詞一般指疑問，但what,whatever除了指疑問外，也可以指陳述。Do you know who has won Battle

3、field3 game？你知道是誰贏得了戰(zhàn)地3的游戲么？（三）關(guān)聯(lián)副詞連接副詞主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.He didnt tell me when we should meet again.他沒有告訴我什么時候我們能再見面.注：賓語從句通常跟在動詞后面。動賓從句大多數(shù)及物動詞都可以帶賓語從句We all expect （that ）they will win,for members of their team are stronger.我們都預(yù)料他們會贏，因為他們的隊員更強壯.He told us （that） they

4、would help us through the whole work.他告訴我們在整個工作中，他們都會幫忙的.部分“動詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)也可以帶賓語從句I have found out （that） all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.我發(fā)現(xiàn)這場音樂會的所有票都賣光了.動詞短語也可以帶賓語從句常見的這些詞有：make sure確保 make up ones mind下決心 keep in mind牢記Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you tu

5、rn them in.當(dāng)你在上交試卷前確保沒有任何錯誤.可運用形式賓語it代替的賓語從句動詞find,feel,consider,make,believe,think等后面有賓語補足語的時候，則需要用it做形式賓語而將that賓語從句后置.I think it necessary that we take plenty of drinks every day .我認(rèn)為我們每天多喝飲料是有必要的.有些動詞帶賓語從句時需要在賓語與從句前加it（雙賓語）這類動詞主要有：hate,take,owe,have,see to.award,lend.hand,mail,offer,pass,pay,post

6、,read,return,show,teach,tellI hate it when they say with their mouths full of food.？若賓語從句是wh-類，則不可用it代替He will have it that our plan is really practical.？他會認(rèn)為我們的計劃確實可行.We take it that you will agree with us.我們認(rèn)為你會同意我們的.介賓從句用whether之類的介詞賓語從句：We are talking about whether we admit students into our clu

7、b.我們正在討論是否讓學(xué)生加入我們的俱樂部.The new book is about how Shenzhou 20 manned spaceship was sent up into space.這本新書是關(guān)于神州20號載人航天飛船是如何升入太空的.用that,if引導(dǎo)的介詞賓語從句有時候except,but,besides三個介詞后可見到that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.對于我的新鄰居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班，其他一無所知.形容+賓從句有些

8、形容詞具有動詞的含義，所以也可以帶一個賓語從句，例如；1. 1. I am sorry I am late.2. I am glad that you can join us.3. Are you sure his answer is right?常用來引導(dǎo)賓語從句的形容詞有： sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprisedI am sure I will pass the exam.我確信我會通過考試.I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.很抱歉我這么長時間在打擾

9、你.He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.他很高興在他生病的時候李明能去看望他.if與whether if和whether在作“是否”理解時，引導(dǎo)賓語從句常放在動詞know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后，介詞后一般不用if 少數(shù)動詞，如：leave,put,discuss,doubt后的賓語從句常用whether. whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以. 在不定式前只能用whether.（如：I cant decide whether to stay. 我不能決定是否留下。）一般“

10、no matter”后表示“是否”用whether而不用if不省略引導(dǎo)詞that當(dāng)that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等動詞的賓語時；當(dāng)賓語從句較長時；當(dāng)主語狀語置于主句尾，賓語從句之前時；當(dāng)主語謂語動詞(包括非謂語動詞)與賓語從句之間有插入語時；當(dāng)一個動詞帶有兩個或兩個以上賓語從句時，此時第一個that可以省略，第二個that不可以省略；當(dāng)賓語從句中的主語是this,that或this,that做主語的定語時；當(dāng)賓語從句是雙賓語中的直接賓語時；當(dāng)賓語從句的主語是非謂語動詞或主語從句時；當(dāng)主語中的謂

11、語動詞是固定詞組時；當(dāng)賓語從句有it做其先行詞時；在直接引語中，轉(zhuǎn)述分句把賓語從句隔開時.當(dāng)that在從句中充當(dāng)主語時否定轉(zhuǎn)移學(xué)習(xí)圖片主句的謂語動詞是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等，并且主句的主語是第一人稱而且為一般現(xiàn)在時，從句的否定詞一般要轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上來，其反義疑問句一般與賓語從句一致.I dont think he will come to my party.而不能說成I think he wont come to my party.我認(rèn)為他不會來我的舞會.I dont believe that man

12、is killed by Jim,is he我認(rèn)為那個人不是Jim所殺的，是不是如果賓語從句中有某個含有否定意義的形容詞或副詞，其反義疑問句要用肯定形式.我們通常稱為否定前移。We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他從來不仔細(xì)聽老師講課，是不是時態(tài)和語序當(dāng)主句為現(xiàn)在時或?qū)頃r,賓語從句的時態(tài)一般不受主句的時態(tài)所影響.當(dāng)主句為過去時從句用一般過去時或過去進(jìn)行時表示與主句謂語動詞動作同時發(fā)生I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I did

13、nt know which country he was in.我只知道他當(dāng)時在西方的一個國家讀書，可不知道是哪個國家.He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in.他問我他進(jìn)來的時候我是否正在讀老人與海.從句過去完成時表示該動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之前He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.他告訴我他已經(jīng)把有關(guān)會議的事情告訴了Mary.從句謂語用過去將來時表示該動作發(fā)生在主句謂語動作之后The reporte

14、r asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.記者問政府是否會采取必要的措施鎮(zhèn)壓騷亂.如果從句是一個客觀真理，那么從句的時態(tài)不根據(jù)主句的時態(tài)而變化The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.老師昨天說月亮圍著地球轉(zhuǎn).當(dāng)賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑問時，不能按正常語序安排，經(jīng)常將這類引導(dǎo)詞置于句首Who do you think the publ

15、ic might choose as their favorite singer this year你認(rèn)為今年公眾會選誰為他們最喜歡的歌手.1. 無論任何時候都為陳述語序.3版本二學(xué)習(xí)賓語從句要抓住三要素：引導(dǎo)詞、語序和時態(tài)。一、引導(dǎo)詞1從句為陳述句，常選擇引導(dǎo)詞that或?qū)hat省略，直接與主句相連。2從句為一般疑問句，常選擇引導(dǎo)詞if或whether。在 whether or not 結(jié)構(gòu)中不能用 if 替換。3從句為特殊疑問句，常選擇what,when,where,which,who,how等疑問代詞、疑問副詞作引導(dǎo)詞。 注意：當(dāng)who為主語時，句式為：who+謂語+其他。1. 從句的

16、引導(dǎo)詞有很多，如：say, think, wish , hope, see, believe, agree, expect, hear , feel等。二、判斷時態(tài)情況1主句是一般現(xiàn)在時，從句為各種時態(tài)。2主句是一般過去時，從句為各種相應(yīng)過去時態(tài)。 注意：從句描繪客觀事實，用一般現(xiàn)在時。3關(guān)系代詞：that，who，whom,whose,which:1 The teacher told the children that the sun_ round.1. was B. is C. were D. are2 I believe that our team_ the basketball mat

17、ch.1. win B. wonC. will winD. wins答：1.B 2.C賓語從句用作賓語。如：Do you know where he lives?定語從句相當(dāng)于一個形容詞，用于修飾前面的名詞。如：The student who answered the question was John. 回答問題的學(xué)生是John.This is the man whom he is looking for.三、賓語從句的用法1that引導(dǎo)賓語從句無意義，不充當(dāng)句子成分常省略。但下列情況除外：介詞賓語從句的that不能省略。 and連接的兩個從句，兩個從句的that不能省略。He told m

18、e that he had two sons and that they both had gone to college.在動詞+it+賓語補足語+賓語從句結(jié)構(gòu)中，that不省略。I heard it said that he had gone abroadWe found it impossible that he could finish it in such a short time1. Whether,if 引導(dǎo)賓語從句：兩詞可互換，但是下列情形除外：whether從句中有or notwhether從句做介詞賓語Everything depends on whether you ag

19、ree with us3許多帶復(fù)合賓語的句子，賓語從句經(jīng)常移到句子后部，而用it做形式賓語。結(jié)構(gòu)是：主語 + 動詞 + it + 形容詞/名詞等賓語補足語 + 賓語從句We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone.賓語從句的語序要用陳述句語序。False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job. 有時候可以用it 作形式賓語，而把真正的賓語從句放在后面。

20、Bad: I thought that he could finish this job in just two hours impossible.Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours. 帶有賓語從句的復(fù)合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。Bad: I think he doesnt like the English teacher.Good: I dont think he likes the English teacher. 主句一般過去時態(tài)，從句也要用過去時態(tài)；具體細(xì)節(jié)請看第一

21、部分。False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner.Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner.4版本三賓語從句，在復(fù)合就叫，位于及物動詞后。egTell him which class you are in Do you know what he likes？注：主句謂語過去時，從句相應(yīng)過去時；He answered that he was listening to me.主句謂語現(xiàn)在時，從句時態(tài)任所需；eg He says (that) he will l

22、eave a message on my desk.They know (that) he is working hard.具體過去永不變，真理格言現(xiàn)在時；egHe told me that he was born in 1980.Father told me that practice makes perfect .（2）完成反意問句在think / believe / suppose / guess / imagine / expect等動詞后跟賓語從句否定式時，應(yīng)轉(zhuǎn)移到主句上去，完成反意問句時，應(yīng)與從句主、謂保持一致。（注： 否定前移的條件是，主句主語是第一人稱）eg I dont th

23、ink you are right,are youI dont believe they have finished their work yet,have they（3）運用虛擬語氣在表示：建議 suggest 、advise、propose;要求demand 、desire、request；決定 decide;命令 order、command、require;堅決主張 insist;等動詞后跟賓語從句，用（should）+v（虛擬語氣）eg I suggested that you（should）study hardHe ordered that we should go out at o

24、nce（4）賓語從句后置如果賓語從句后有賓語補語，用it作形式賓語，把賓語從句后置egYou may think it strange that he would live there（5）that不可省略賓語從句that?？墒÷裕谝韵虑闆r下不能省略A當(dāng)主句謂語動詞帶有兩個或兩個以上賓語從句時，可以省略第一個that，其他不能省略。egI believe（that）you have done your best and that things will get betterB當(dāng)it作形式賓語時egShe made it clear that she had nothing to do wi

25、th himC當(dāng)賓語從句前置時egThat our team will win，I believe5版本四一、定義和例句分析賓語從句就是一個句子作動詞或介詞的賓語。A 作動詞的賓語：I heard the news.主語謂語動詞名詞作賓語Iheard that he would come here later on.主語謂語動詞一個句子作賓語-賓語從句B 作介詞的賓語：Hesaidnothing about the plan.主語謂語動詞代詞作動詞的賓語介詞名詞作介詞的賓語Hesaidnothing about who broke the window last night.主語謂語動詞代詞作

26、動詞的賓語介詞一個句子作介詞的賓語1. 二、復(fù)合句的構(gòu)成帶有賓語從句的復(fù)合句就是用連接詞把一個主句和一個賓語從句連接在一起。連接詞有：that(可省略)，what,who,when,where,why,which,if,whether,how.1 He suggested (that) we should clean the corridor every day.賓語2 He told me (that) he would leave Dalian airport at 8pm.間接賓語直接賓語3 He told me where he was going to travel that sum

27、mer.間接賓語直接賓語4 if (whether) Tom could play basketball with him that morning.how she managed to solve the problem.why water flows from a high position to a lower position.在例子4中，當(dāng)主句是過去時態(tài)時（一般過去時，過去進(jìn)行時，過去將來時，過去完成時），從句根據(jù)不同情況必須使用過去時態(tài)的一種，（大自然的現(xiàn)象和真理除外）。5 if (whether) I have passed the exam.how my cat escaped

28、 from the room last night.在例子5中，當(dāng)主語是現(xiàn)在時態(tài)時（一般現(xiàn)在時，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時，一般將來時，現(xiàn)在完成時），從句可根據(jù)不同情況使用各種時態(tài)。1. 三、注意A 賓語從句必須用陳述語序。False: He is wondering when can he finish this difficult job.Right: He is wondering when he can finish this difficult job.B 有時候可以用it 作形式賓語，而把真正的賓語從句放在后面。Bad: I thought that he could finish thisjob

29、 in just two hours impossible.Good: I thought it impossible that he could finish this job in just two hours.Bad: He left whether we should continue this project to my judgment.Good: He left it to my judgment whether we should continue this project.C 帶有賓語從句的復(fù)合句的否定形式一般是否定主句。Bad: I think he doesnt like

30、 the English teacher.Good: I dont think he likes the English teacher.D 主句一般過去時態(tài)，從句也要用過去時態(tài)；具體細(xì)節(jié)請看第一部分。False: He wanted to know why he is crying in the corner.Right: He wanted to know why he was crying in the corner.賓語從句的點點滴滴賓語從句是英語復(fù)合句中的其中非常重要的從句之一。它是用一個句子做另一個句子的賓語，將這個句子叫做賓語從句。賓語從句做介詞或及物動詞的賓語?，F(xiàn)在從下列三個方

31、面總結(jié)歸納如下：一，引導(dǎo)詞A,由that 引導(dǎo)的陳述句性的賓語從句，在很多動詞如say,think,wish,hope,see,believe,agree,expect,hear,feel等動詞后。連詞that只起連接作用，在從句中不做句子的成分，也無詞匯意義，在口語中常被省略，但在大多數(shù)情況下還是以不省為好，特別是在筆語中。例：I told him that he was wrong.l在think,believe,suppose,expect等動詞引起的賓語從句中，有時謂語盡管是否定意義，卻不用否定形式，而將think 等動詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄐ问?。例：I dont think you are ri

32、ght. (我認(rèn)為你做的不對)l在許多帶有復(fù)合賓語的句子中，that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句經(jīng)常移到句子的后面，而用it做形式賓語。例：We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone (我認(rèn)為他向每一個人撒謊是錯誤的)B,由連詞if、 whether 引導(dǎo)的表示“是否”的賓語從句。Whether,if 在從句中不做句子的成分，一般情況下，whether和if 可以替換。例：I dont know if/whether he will come tomorrow.The teacher asked if/whether we had finished th

33、e experiment.l在介詞后面的賓語從句中不用if引導(dǎo)例：Everything depends on whether we have enough money。l賓語從句中有or not時不用if引導(dǎo).例：I dont know whether the movie star will come or not.l和不定式連用作賓語時不用if引導(dǎo).例：Whether to go there or not hasnt been decided.C,由wh-引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。連接代詞who,whom,whose,what,which,和連接副詞when,where,why,how 等連接的賓語從

34、句，它們在句中即有連接從句的作用，又在句中充當(dāng)句子的成分。例：Do you know which film they are talking about? (which做定語)I dont know where he lives. (where 做地點狀語)二，賓語從句的語序，賓語從句從句的語序必須是陳述語序，即連接詞+主語+謂語+其他成分例：I believe that they will come soon.He asked me whether I was a teacher.They wanted to know what they can do for us.二，賓語從句的時態(tài)。賓語

35、從句的時態(tài)受主句的限制，既：主句是一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，從句根據(jù)實際情況而定。主句是一般過去時態(tài)，從句用相應(yīng)的過去的時態(tài)。如果從句的動作發(fā)生在主句之前，則從句要用過去完成時態(tài)。例：1. She says that she is a student.She said that she was a student.1. She says that she will fly to Japan in a week.She said that she would fly to Japan in a week.l如果賓語從句說的是客觀真理、自然現(xiàn)象或事實時，這時賓語從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。例：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.He told me that Japan is an island country.lCould you tell me是用