動(dòng)詞不定式用法

1、動(dòng)詞不定式用法一、動(dòng)詞不定式的基本形式是“不定式符號(hào)to+動(dòng)詞原形”，有時(shí)可以不帶to。動(dòng)詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱(chēng)和數(shù)的變化。在句中不能單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ)，但仍保留動(dòng)詞的特性，可以有自己的賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。動(dòng)詞不定式同它的賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成不定式短語(yǔ)。例如：to sell flowers in the street 在街上賣(mài)花 to speak in the classroom 在教室里講話(huà)不定式省to有四種情況：1、使役動(dòng)詞let, make, have等后接不定式。例如：Let him go! The boss made the child labors work the whole night.2、woul

2、d rather, had better后。例如：You had better stay at home.3、Why/Why not后。例如：Why not have a good rest on Sunday?4、感官動(dòng)詞see, watch, look at, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find，notice 等后作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，省to。例如：I saw him dance.注意：這些情況在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，不可省to.例如：The child labors were made to work the whole night. 二、動(dòng)詞不定式具有名詞、形容詞和副詞

3、的特征，可以作句子的主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。1、用作主語(yǔ)直接把動(dòng)詞不定式置于句首的情況不多，多數(shù)情況用it作形式主語(yǔ)，把真正的主語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式置于句末，特別是不定式短語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)時(shí)。動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)形式。帶疑問(wèn)詞的不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)常置于句首。例如：The head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother. How to make requests politely is important.2、用作表語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)，常用在be動(dòng)詞及seem, appear, happen等詞之后，構(gòu)成系表

4、結(jié)構(gòu)。說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容、性質(zhì)、特征。例如：The best way to improve your English is to join an English club. She seem to be well-known. 3、用作賓語(yǔ)1. 用作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式，常用在動(dòng)詞ask, choose, agree，expect, hope, decide, learn，prefer, know，wish, want, would like / love等及物動(dòng)詞之后，構(gòu)成動(dòng)賓短語(yǔ)。例如：We decided to talk to some students about why they go th

5、ere. He prefers to eat white bread and rice. Id love to visit Mexico.2.動(dòng)詞feel, find, make, think, believe等，在語(yǔ)法上不能接受不定式作賓語(yǔ)，只有用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，從而把動(dòng)詞不定式后置。句子結(jié)構(gòu)是：主語(yǔ)feel / find / make / . it+adj. / n.+to do.。例如：I find it difficult to remember everything. 3.既可接動(dòng)詞不定式又可接v-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，意思差別不大的動(dòng)詞有begin, start, like, love

6、等。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，動(dòng)詞不定式表一次、數(shù)次的具體動(dòng)作的全過(guò)程，v-ing形式表習(xí)慣性的連續(xù)動(dòng)作。但這種區(qū)別并不很?chē)?yán)格，特別是美式英語(yǔ)，即使是習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作也可以用動(dòng)詞不定式。例如：Then I started to watch English-language TV. Im beginning to understand my Chinese roots, and who I am. （begin用了進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，后面只接不定式作賓語(yǔ)，表示事情剛開(kāi)始，還要繼續(xù)下去。）4.后接動(dòng)詞不定式或v-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，意思差別較大的動(dòng)詞有forget, remember等。后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)，表動(dòng)作尚未發(fā)生；后接v-

7、ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，表動(dòng)作已經(jīng)發(fā)生。stop to do停下來(lái)做另外一件事，to do是目的狀語(yǔ)；stop doing停止做、不做當(dāng)前這件事，doing是賓語(yǔ)。try to do盡力做，try doing試試看；go on to do接著做另外的事，go on doing繼續(xù)做原來(lái)的事。例如：When I left home, I had forgotten to bring it with me. I stopped using them last year. 5后只接v-ing作賓語(yǔ)的一些常用特殊動(dòng)詞：give up, enjoy, practise, finish, mind等。例如：Wo

8、uld you mind opening the window?4、用作定語(yǔ)用作定語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式一般都位于被修飾的名詞之后。例如：I have so much homework to do today. I cant think of any good advice to give her. 通常chance, place, time, way等名詞后接不定式作定語(yǔ)。另外在the first, the second, the last, the only等詞后，也常用不定式作定語(yǔ)。例如：He needs time to do homework. You want to know the bes

9、t way to get around the city.5、用作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)1.常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞主要有：要求允許提議警告（ask, allow, permit, advise，warn），期望邀請(qǐng)鼓勵(lì)（expect, suppose, invite, encourage），教導(dǎo)告訴想要（teach, tell, want），希望愿意（ wish, would like / love）。例如：I invited her to have dinner at my house. Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.

10、2.動(dòng)詞不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，在主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句里不帶to，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句里帶to時(shí)多數(shù)動(dòng)詞是感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞，包括四“看”：look at, observe, see, watch，三“讓”：have, let, make，二“聽(tīng)”：hear, listen to，一“感覺(jué)”：feel，一“注意”：notice。例如：This picture makes me feel tense！ Of course we want to see Liu Yu achieve his dreams.3.help后接動(dòng)詞不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，to可帶可不帶。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，帶to表間接幫助，不帶to表直接幫助。在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)句里，或者用不定

11、式的否定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)時(shí)要帶to。例如： They can help you to compare two different products so that you can buy the one you really need.Using e-mail English helps you write quickly. 4.be said, be sure, happen, seem等后面可以接帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)的補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。例如：He doesnt seem to have many friends. Be sure not to miss them if they come to a cit

12、y near you.6、用作狀語(yǔ)1.目的狀語(yǔ)，置于句首或句末，置于句首時(shí)常表示強(qiáng)調(diào)。為加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，常與in order或so as 組成短語(yǔ)。例如：A group of young people got together to discuss this question. In order to help him, we would do everything we can.注意：置于句首時(shí)只用to do / in order to do。2.原因狀語(yǔ)，多見(jiàn)于“sb.+be+adj.+to do.”結(jié)構(gòu)句中。例如：I was very sad to hear the news. On Mond

13、ay he told a radio interviewer that he had run out of money to buy old bikes. 3.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，多見(jiàn)于“too.to”，“enough to.”結(jié)構(gòu)句中。例如：Then Im too tired to do well. He is old enough to go to school . 4.獨(dú)立動(dòng)詞不定式多用作插入語(yǔ)，表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的心理狀態(tài)或?qū)κ虑榈目捶ā＠纾篒d like to stay healthy, but to be honest, I only eat food that tastes good. To b

14、egin with, she spoke too quickly, and I couldnt understand every word. 7、動(dòng)詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)詞不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是“for / of sb. to do sth.”，for / of引出不定式動(dòng)作的邏輯主語(yǔ)。這種結(jié)構(gòu)在句子中可以作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的介詞用for還是of，主要決定于前面形容詞的性質(zhì)。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，of前面的形容詞是careful, clever, foolish, good, kind, nice, wise等，既說(shuō)明人的特性，又說(shuō)明不定式動(dòng)作的特性。for前面的形容詞是dange

15、rous, difficult, easy, hard, heavy, important, interesting, necessary等，一般說(shuō)明不定式動(dòng)作的特性，不說(shuō)明人的特性。前面如果是名詞用for。例如：Its also probably a good idea for parents to allow teenagers to study in groups during the evening. Its kind of you to help me.8、帶疑問(wèn)詞的不定式短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式前面可以帶疑問(wèn)代詞what, which, who或疑問(wèn)副詞how, when, where, w

16、hy等。這種結(jié)構(gòu)起名詞的作用，在句子里用作賓語(yǔ)、主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等，或者單獨(dú)使用。要注意的是，why后面的不定式不帶to。例如：I dont know what to try next. （作賓語(yǔ)） Where to go is not decided yet.（作主語(yǔ)）注意：?jiǎn)为?dú)使用時(shí)相當(dāng)于一個(gè)特殊疑問(wèn)句。 What to do next?(=What will we / you do next?) Why go there?(=Why do we / you go there?)9、動(dòng)詞不定式的否定式不定式的否定式是not / never to do.，不帶to的不定式的否定式是not / ne

17、ver do.例如：Sometimes they have disagreements, and decide not to talk to each other. His parents tell him never to drive after drinking.鞏固練習(xí)：1、He read the instruction to find out how _ the computer.A. use B. to use C. using D. uses2、There are some dangerous fishes in this river, and Ive warned Jack _h

18、ere.A.not to swim B .to not swim C. swim not to D. to swim not3、The article said that he hoped _ drawing the picture soon.A.his son to finish B.to finish C. finish D. his son will finish4、Listen! Can you hear a baby _ ?A.cry B.to cry C.crying D. cries5、“Dont always make Michael _ this or that. He is already a big boy,dear,”Bush said to his wife.A.do B.to do C.does D.did6、Dont forget _ the letter.A. to send B.send C.sending7、John was made _ the car for a week as a punishment.A.to wash B.washing C.wash8、Thank you very much _ the