2017年11月翻譯資格考試三級英語筆譯實務(wù)真題試卷【含答案】

1、2017年11月翻譯資格考試三級英語筆譯實務(wù)真題試卷【含答案】Section 1: English-Chinese Translation (50 points)It was just one word in one email, but it triggered huge financial losses for a multinational company.The message, written in English, was sent by a native speaker to a colleague for whom English was a second language.

2、Unsure of the word, the recipient found two contradictory meanings in his dictionary. He acted on the wrong one.Months later, senior management investigated why the project had flopped, costing hundreds of thousands of dollars. “It all traced back to this one word,” says Chia Suan Chong, a UK-based

3、communications skills and intercultural trainer, who didnt reveal the tricky word because it is highly industry-specific and possibly identifiable. “Things spiralled out of control because both parties were thinking the opposite.”When such misunderstandings happen, its usually the native speakers wh

4、o are to blame. Ironically, they are worse at delivering their message than people who speak English as a second or third language, according to Chong.The non-native speakers, it turns out, speak more purposefully and carefully, typical of someone speaking a second or third language. Anglophones, on

5、 the other hand, often talk too fast for others to follow, and use jokes, slang and references specific to their own culture, says Chong.“The native English speaker is the only one who might not feel the need to accommodate or adapt to the others,” she adds.Non-native speakers generally use more lim

6、ited vocabulary and simpler expressions, without flowery language or slang. And then theres cultural style, Zurich-based Michael Blattner says. When a Brit reacts to a proposal by saying “Thats interesting”, a fellow Brit might recognise this as understatement for, “Thats rubbish.” But other nationa

7、lities would take the word “interesting” on face value, he says.In Berlin, Dale Coulter, head of English at one language course provider, saw German staff of a Fortune 500 company being briefed from their Californian HQ via video link. Despite being competent in English, the Germans gleaned only the

8、 gist of what their American project leader said. So among themselves they came up with an agreed version, which might or might not have been what was intended by the California staff.Its the native speaker who often risks missing out on closing a deal, warns Frenchman Jean-Paul Nerriere, formerly a

9、 senior international marketing executive at IBM.“Too many non-Anglophones, especially the Asians and the French, are too concerned about not losing face and nod approvingly while not getting the message at all,” he says.“When trying to communicate in English with a group of people with varying leve

10、ls of fluency, its important to be receptive and adaptable, tuning your ears into a whole range of different ways of using English”, says Jenkins, professor of global Englishes at the UKs University of Southampton.“People whove learned other languages are good at doing that, but native speakers of E

11、nglish generally are monolingual and not very good at tuning in to language variation,” she says.In meetings, Anglophones tend to speed along at what they consider a normal pace, and also rush to fill gaps in conversation, according to Rob Steggles, senior marketing director for Europe at a telecomm

12、unications company.He recommends making the same point in a couple of different ways and asking for some acknowledg- ement, reaction or action.參考譯文:區(qū)區(qū)電子郵件里的一個單詞，導(dǎo)致一家跨國公司遭受巨大經(jīng)濟損失。這封電子郵件是由一位英語母語人士用英語所寫，而郵件接收人則是一位以英語為第二語言的同事。該同事收到郵件后，發(fā)現(xiàn)該單詞在字典里有兩個截然相反的意思，他拿捏不準(zhǔn)，并最終選擇了那個錯誤的意思。數(shù)月過去，該跨國公司的高管開始調(diào)查這個項目失敗并損失幾十萬

13、美元的原因。謝宣童（Chia Suan Chong）是一名交流技能和跨文化培訓(xùn)師，供職于一家總部設(shè)在英國的機構(gòu)，她說：“所有的調(diào)查線索最終指向這個單詞”。謝宣童沒有透露具體這個單詞，因為該單詞是某行業(yè)專用詞匯，透露該單詞可能暴露這家跨國公司的身份。她還說：“由于雙方的理解截然相反，事件不斷升級，最終失控。”出現(xiàn)此類誤解，責(zé)任在于英語母語人士。謝宣童認為，耐人尋味的是，英語母語人士在傳遞信息方面比以英語為第二語言或第三語言的人士要糟糕。謝宣童說：“眾多英語母語人士對于英語成為世界通用語感到竊喜，因為他們覺得這省去了學(xué)習(xí)其他語言的麻煩。”謝宣童說，事實上，非英語母語人士，特別是會講第二語言或者第三

14、語言的人士，在傳遞信息時更加謹慎、目的性更強，而英語母語人士在講話時通常語速過快導(dǎo)致別人聽不懂，并且他們話語中還夾雜著笑話、俚語及自己文化特有的事物。謝宣童補充說：“唯有英語母語人士認為沒必要體諒對方或為對方著想?！庇捎谑澜缟戏怯⒄Z母語人士居多，所以英語母語人士該停止那套舊做法。詹尼弗詹金斯（JenniferJenkins）是英國南安普敦大學(xué)的全球英語教授，她說：“母語各不相同的人士在一起采用英語為通用語進行溝通時，英語母語人士處于不利的境地，這是因為英語母語人士在理解其他人講的英語方面存在障礙，而其他人在理解英語母語人士的英語方面也同樣存在障礙?！狈怯⒄Z母語人士在講英語時，通常使用數(shù)量有限的

15、詞匯和簡單的表達方式，不花哨，也不夾帶俚語。此外，還有文化因素，布拉特納（Blattner）說。一個英國人在評論一項提議時說“Thats interesting”（“蠻有趣”），此時，另一個英國人會把這句話把理解為“太垃圾”的含蓄說法，而其他國家的人則只會取“interesting”（有趣）的字面意思進行理解?！安粫v其他語言的英語母語人士在講英語時，通常缺乏國際意識?！笨茽柼兀–oulter）在柏林看見一家世界500強公司的德國員工通過視頻連線聽取加州總部的情況通報。德國員工雖然英語不錯，但只留心美國項目領(lǐng)導(dǎo)講話的要旨。對于該情況通報，德國員工內(nèi)部達成一致意見，而這個意見與加州項目領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的意思

16、可能相同或者可能相左?？茽柼卣f：“太多非英語母語人士，特別是亞裔人士和法國人，他們由于太怕丟面子而只會點頭贊同，實際上卻一點都沒聽懂。”有鑒于此，內(nèi)里埃（Nerriere）發(fā)明了全球化英語（Globish），這是一種簡潔英語，將英語詞匯限制在1500字左右，并采用簡單、標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的語法。奈易耶說：“全球化英語不是一種語言，而是一種工具?！弊?004年推出全球化英語以來，用18種語言編寫的全球化英語教材銷量逾20萬冊。奈易耶說：“能用有限的詞匯、簡單的語言進行高效溝通，既節(jié)省時間，又避免誤解，消除了溝通中的錯誤?！闭步鹚拐f，在與一群英語流利程度不一的人士用英語進行溝通時，保持包容和體諒，并接受各種各樣

17、的英語表達方法，這很重要。詹金斯說：“學(xué)習(xí)了其他語言的人士在這點上就做的很好，而英語母語人士通常只會英語這個單一語言，他們不大適應(yīng)英語的其他變種?！彼勾鞲駹査梗⊿teggles）認為，英語母語人士在開會時傾向于按自己認為正常的語速說話，在對話中則急于傳遞信息。斯戴格爾斯建議采用多種方式表達同一個意思，并且需要對方做出一些認可、反應(yīng)或行動。Section2: Chinese-English Translation (50 points)氣候變化已不是單純的環(huán)境保護問題，而成為人類生存與發(fā)展問題。中國需要改變以煤為主的能源結(jié)構(gòu)和高污染、高能耗的產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)，以治理環(huán)境和應(yīng)對全球氣候變化。同時，積極應(yīng)對

18、氣候變化也是中國參與全球治理的責(zé)任，也是實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的迫切需要。中國作為世界最大的發(fā)展中國家，需要積極推動經(jīng)濟與能源的轉(zhuǎn)型，以推動全球可持續(xù)發(fā)展。長期以來，中國高度重視氣候變化問題，把積極應(yīng)對氣候變化作為國家經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展的重大戰(zhàn)略，把綠色低碳發(fā)展作為生態(tài)文明建設(shè)的重要內(nèi)容，采取了一系列行動，為應(yīng)對全球氣候變化做出了重要貢獻。到2020年單位國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值二氧化碳排放比2005年下降40%-45%，非化石能源占一次能源消費總量的比重達到15% ， 森林面積比2005年增加4000萬公頃，森林蓄積量2005年增加13億立方米。中國還將在農(nóng)業(yè)、林業(yè)、水資源等重點領(lǐng)域和城市、沿海、生態(tài)脆弱地區(qū)形成有效

19、抵御氣候變化風(fēng)險的機制，提高抵抗能力。參考譯文:China attaches great importance to addressing climate change since long, making it a significant national strategy for its social and economic development and promoting green and low-carbon development as important component of the ecological civilization process. It has already taken a series of climate actions which represent a significant contribution to combating the global climate change.China announced internationally that by 2020 it will lower carbon dioxide emissions per unit of GDP b