(完整版)初中英語代詞講解及練習

1、【是什么】1 .人稱代詞主格、賓格形式及其主要用法；2 .名詞性物主代詞與形容詞性物主代詞的形式、區(qū)別及其主要用法；3反身代詞的形式、意義及其主要用法；4常見不定代詞的一般用法；5 .指示代詞的一般用法，并了解其在上下文中的指代用法；6 .相互代詞的基本用法；7 .疑問代詞的基本用法。8 .關(guān)系代詞的基本用法?！局R點】代詞是代替名詞、形容詞和數(shù)詞的詞。按其意義、特征及其在句中的作用分為：人稱 代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、反身代詞、相互代詞、疑問代詞、不定代詞和關(guān)系代詞等。 一.人稱代詞1 .人稱代詞的人稱、數(shù)和格，如下表所示。主格賓格第一單數(shù)I我me我人稱復數(shù)we 我們us 我們第二單數(shù)you

2、 你you你人稱復數(shù)you你們you你們第單he 他him他二數(shù)she 她her她人it 它it它稱復 數(shù)they他們、她們、它們them他們、她們、它們2 .人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分。通常主格作主語，賓格作賓語。如：like table tennis.（作主語）Do you know him?（作賓語）3 .人稱代詞還可作表語。作表語時用賓格。如：-Whos is knocking at the door?-It，me.4.人稱代詞在than之后與其他人或事物進行比較時，用主格和賓格都可以。如:He is older than me. _He is older than Iam.物主代詞1.

3、表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性 物主代詞，如下表所示。物主代詞形容詞型名詞型單數(shù)第人稱mymine第二人稱youryours第三人稱hishisherhersitsits復數(shù)第人稱ourours第二人稱youryours第三人稱theirtheirs2 .形容詞性物主代詞的作用相當于形容詞，可在句中作定語。例如：Our teacher is coming to see us.This is her pencil-box.3 .名詞性物主代詞的作用相當于名詞，在句中可用作主語、賓語和表語。Our school is here, and theirs is the

4、re.（作主語）-Is this English-book yours?（作表語）-No. Mine is in my bag.Ive already finished my homework. Have you finished yours?（作賓語）三.指示代詞指示代詞包括：this, that, these, those。1 . this和these 一般用來指在時間或空間上較近的事物或人，that和those則指時間和空間上較遠的事物或人，例如：This is a pen and that is a pencil.We are busy these days .In those day

5、s the workers had a hard time .2 .有時that和those指前面講到過的事物，this和these則是指下面將要講 到的事物，例如：I had a cold. Thats why I didnt come.What I want to say is this ; pronunciation is very important in learning English3 .有時為了避免重復提到的名詞，?？捎?that或those代替，例如：Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made

6、in Shanghai .4 . this在電話用語中彳t表自己，that則代表對方。例如：Hello! This is Mary. Is that Jack speaking?四.反身代詞英語中用來表示“我自己，你自己，他自己，我們自己，你們自己” 等意義的代詞稱為反身代詞，也有人稱之為自身代名詞，其形式如表所示。反身代詞單數(shù)A人稱myself第二人稱yourself第三人稱himselfherselfitself復數(shù)A人稱ourselves第二人稱yuorselves第三人稱themselves反身代詞可以在句中作賓語，表語，同位語。1 .作賓語，表示動作的承受者就是動作的發(fā)出者，主語和賓

7、語指同一個人或一些人。He called himself a writer .Would you please express yourself in English?2 .作表語。It doesnt matter. Ill be myself soon .The girl in the news is myself .3 .作主語或賓語的同位語，表示親自或本人。I myself washed the clothes . = =I washed the clothes myself.） （作主語同位語）You should ask the teacher himself.（作賓語同位語）五.不

8、定代詞不是指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞叫做不定代詞，在句中可作主語、表語、賓語和定語?，F(xiàn)將幾個常用的不定代詞舉例說明如下：1. some與any的區(qū)另U1） some多用于肯定句，表示“一些，幾個”作形容詞時，后面可以接不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)動詞；可數(shù)名詞 +復數(shù)動詞。Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library.Some rice in the bag has been sold out.2） any多用于疑問句、條件句和否定句中，表示“一些，任何”用作形容詞時，后面 可以接不可數(shù)名詞+單數(shù)動詞；可數(shù)名詞 +復數(shù)動詞。If you have

9、any questions, please ask me.There isnt any orange in the bottle.Have you got any tea?3） any和some也可以作代詞用，表示一些。any多用于疑問句或否定句中， some多用于肯定句中。How many people can you see in the picture?I cant see any.If you have no money, Ill lend you some.注意： 與 some, any 結(jié)合的詞如 something, somebody, someone, anything, an

10、yone, anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑問句、條件句中的用法， 大致和some, any的用法相同。2. few, a few, little, a little 在用法上的區(qū)別1）用作形容詞:用法表小目7E表小否TE用于可數(shù)名詞、a few雖少，但有幾個few不多，幾乎沒有附十不口數(shù)名詞a little ,雖少，但有一點little不多，沒有什么Im going to buy a few apples.He can speak only a little Chinese.There is only a little milk in the glass.He has few friend

11、s.They had little money with them.2) a little和little也可以用作副詞，a little表示“有點，稍微”，little表示“很少”。Im a little hungry.(修飾形容詞 hungry)Let him sleep a little.(修飾動詞 sleep)Mary, go a little faster, please.(修飾副詞比較級) She slept very little last night.3. other, the other, another, others, the others 的區(qū)另U。用法代名詞形容詞單數(shù)復

12、數(shù)單數(shù)復數(shù)不定another另一個others別人，其他人another （boy）另一個（男孩）other (boys)其他男孩特定the other另一個the others其余那些人、物the other (boy) 另一個男孩the other (boys)其余那些男孩1) other可以作形容詞用，后面可以跟單數(shù)或復數(shù)名詞，意思是“其他的、別 的”。Where are his other books?I havent any other books except this one.2) other也可以用作代詞，與冠詞the連用構(gòu)成the other”,表示兩個人或物中的“另一個“。

13、常與 one搭配構(gòu)成“one ., the other.句型。He has two brothers. One is 10 years old , the other is 5 years old.She held a ruler in one hand and an exercise-book in the other.3) other作代詞用時，可以有復數(shù)“others”，泛指“另外的人或物”。常與 some搭配構(gòu)成 “some ., others .” 句型。Some went to the cinema, others went swimming.This coat is too la

14、rge. Show me some others, please.4) “the others”表示特指某范圍內(nèi)的“其他的人或物”。We got home by 4 oclock, but the others didnt get back until 8 oclock.In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese.5) another可以作形容詞用，修飾后面的名詞，意為“另一個”，還可以跟代詞one.You can see another ship in the sea, cant you?Mary doesnt want

15、to buy this skirt. Would you please show her another one?6) another也可以作代詞用，表示“另一個”。Im still hungry after Ive had this cake. Please give me another.4. every與each的區(qū)別。eachevery1）可單獨使用1）不用單獨使用2）可做代名詞、形容詞2）僅作形容詞3）著重“個別”3）著重“全體”，毫無例 外4）用于兩名或兩者以上中的母 一個人或物4）用于三者或二者以上每 一個人或物The teacher gave a toy to each chi

16、ld. Each ball has a different colour.當我們說each child, each student或each teacher時，我們想到的是一個人的情況。 而當 我們說every child和every student時，我們想到的是全體的情況，every的意思與all接近, 表小他們都如此。Every student loves the English teacher. = All students love the English teacher.Every child likes playing. = All children like playing.5

17、. all和both的用法。1） all指三者以上，或不可數(shù)的東西。謂語動詞既可以用單數(shù)，也可以用作復數(shù)。在句中 作主語、表語、賓語、同位語和定語。All of us like Mr Pope. 我們都喜歡 Pope先生。（作主語）=We all like Mr Pope.（作同位語）All the water has been used up.（作主語）Thats all for today.（作表語）Why not eat all （of） the fish?（作賓語）All the leaders are here.（作定語）2） both作代詞。與其他名詞或代詞并列出現(xiàn)，表示兩個都”。

18、Lucy and Lily both agree with us.They both passed on their sticks at the same time.How are your parents? Theyre both fine.與“of +代詞（或名詞）”連用，表示“兩者都”。Both of them came to see Mary.Both of the books are very interesting.單獨使用，表示“兩者（都）”。Michael has two sons. Both are clever.I dont know which book is the b

19、etter, I shall read both.3） both用作形容詞，放在名詞之前，修飾該名詞，表示“兩者都”。Both his younger sisters are our classmates.There are tall trees on both sides of the street.六.相互代詞表示相互關(guān)系的代詞叫做相互代詞。相互代詞有each other和one another兩種形 式。在當代英語中，each other和one another沒有什么區(qū)別。相互代詞可在句中作賓語，定語。 作定語用時，相互代詞用所有格形式。We should learn from eac

20、h other / one another. （作賓語）Do you often write to each other / one another?（作賓語）We often borrow each others / one anothers books. （作定語）The students corrected each others / one anothers mistakes in their homework.（作定語）七.疑問代詞疑問代詞有 who, whom , whose, what和which等。疑問代詞用于特殊疑問句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作為某一句子成分。例如：Wh

21、o is going to come here tomorrow? （作主語）What is that?（作表語）Whose umbrella is this? （作定語）Whom are you waiting for?（作賓語）八.關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞是一種引導從句并起連接主句和從句作用的代詞。關(guān)系代詞有who, whose,whom, that, which.它們在句中可用作主語，表語，賓語，定語.在主句中，它們還代表著從句所修飾的那個名詞或代詞。例如：I hate people who talk much but do little.I m looking at the photograp

22、which you sent me with your letter.With the money that he had saved, he went on with his studies.Do you know the lady who is interviewing our headmaster?【實例解析】1. （2004年北京市中考試題）Mary, please show your picture.A. my B. mine C. I D. me答案：D。該提考查的是人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法。在本題中，動詞 show的后面要跟雙賓語，空白處缺少一個間接賓語，所以應選me。2. （2

23、004年北京市中考試題）-What s on TV tonight? Is there interesting?-1 m afraid not.A. something B. anything C. nothing D. everything答案：B。該提考查的是不定代詞的用法。這是一個疑問句。在疑問句中，通常用anything o3. （2004年上海徐匯區(qū)中考試題 ）of them has his own opinion.A. Both B. Some C. Every D. Each答案：D。該題考查的是不定代詞用法。因為謂語動詞是單數(shù)形式，所以 Both和Some 都不對。Every不

24、能作主語，所以只有 Each合適。4. （2004年安徽省中考試題）-Where is my pen?-Oh, sorry. I have taken by mistake.A. yours B. his C. mine D. hers答案：Ao該題考查的是物主代詞的用法。根據(jù)題干的背景，我們可以判斷出錯拿的鋼筆應該是對方的，所以選 yours?！局锌佳菥殹恳?單項填空1. Tom, Please pass the glasses. I want to read the newspapers.A. you B. me C. him D. her2. The English novel is q

25、uite easy for you. There are new words in it.A. a little B. little C. a few D. few3. -You want sandwich?-Yes, I usually eat a lot when I m hungry.A. other B. another C. others D. the other4. The doctors and nurses are doing their best to fight SARS. They think more of others than.A. they B. them C.

26、themselves D. theirs5. -Which do you prefer, a bottle of orange or a bottle of milk?-, thanks. I d like a cup of tea.A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None6. -Oh! I came in a hurry and forgot to bring food.-Never mind. You can have .A. us B. ours C. you D. yours7. -Can I come this evening or tomorrow

27、morning?-is OK. I m free today and tomorrow.A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None8. -How are you going to improve this term?-Work harder than last term.A. ourselves B. myself C. himself D. yourself9. -Could you tell me she is looking for?-Her cousin, Susan.A. that B. whose C. who D. which10. -Is here

28、?-No. Li Lei and Han Mei have asked for leave.A. everybody B. somebody C. anybody D. nobody11. Paul has friends except me, and sometimes he feels lonely.A. many B. some C. few D. more12. If you want to book a round- trip ticket, you ll have to pay $ 30.A. more B. other C. the other D. another13. -Do

29、 you live by yourself, Mr Wang?-Yes. I have two sons. But of them lives with me. They are now studying inAmerica?A. neither B. both C. none D. either14. -Have you sent your parents an E-mail telling them you arrived safe?-No. of them can use a computer.A. None B. Both C. Neither D. All15. Who taught

30、 English last term? Was Mr. Smith?A. you; it B. you; he C. your; it D. your; that16. -That woman has a bag in her right hand. What s in her hand?A. another B. other C. one D. the other17. We decided to go for a field trip with some friends of .A. us B. our C. ours D. ourselves18. -Is there a bus to

31、the zoo?-I m afraid there s bus to the zoo.A. no B. any C. some D. none19. You forgot your dictionary? You may have .A. me B. my C. mine D. myself20. This is classroom. Where is ?A. our; them B. us; they C. our; theirs D. ours; theirs二 . 用所給代詞的適當形式填空1. This is not my pencil-box. ( I ) is in the bag.

32、2. Trees are planted in ( we ) country every year, which makes our country more and morebeautiful.s?3. -Is that bike Miss Gao- Yes, it is (she) . Beautiful, isn t it?4. Help (you) to some fruit, Jack.5. -Who taught your brother to surf?-Nobody. He learnt all by (he).6. Their English teacher is from

33、America, but (we) is from England.7. Mary s answer is different from ( I ).8. -My watch keeps good time. What about (you)?-Mine? Oh, two minutes slow.9. Sam is my brother. Do you like to play with (he)?10. Did you enjoy (you), Mary and Kate?三 . 用適當?shù)拇~填空1. The old man has two sons. One is a worker, i

34、s a teacher.2. Students are usually interested in sports. Some like running; some like swimming; likeball games.3. Let s go and have a drink. We ve got time before the train leaves.4. We were all very tired, but of us would like to have a rest.5. of the twins are in our class.6. Boys, don tot uch the machines, or you may hurt .7. It is said there is going to be important in the CCTV news.8. We couldn t buy anything because of the shops opened at that