人教版高中英語(yǔ)必修2語(yǔ)法被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

1、 GrammarThe passive voiceBook 2語(yǔ)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)(voice)是個(gè)語(yǔ)法范疇，它是一種動(dòng)詞形是個(gè)語(yǔ)法范疇，它是一種動(dòng)詞形式，表示動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)與該動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之式，表示動(dòng)詞的主語(yǔ)與該動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之間的主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)關(guān)系。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者間的主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)關(guān)系。當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（Active Voice）；如果）；如果主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，動(dòng)詞便用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，動(dòng)詞便用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)（Passive Voice）。）。 We cleaned the classroom yesterday.昨天我們打掃了教室。昨天我們打掃了教室。

2、The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday. 昨天教室被我們打掃了。昨天教室被我們打掃了。一、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的定義：We speak English.主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)English is spoken by us.主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)由“助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。當(dāng)主動(dòng)句變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句時(shí)，原來的賓語(yǔ)變成了主語(yǔ)，原來的主語(yǔ)變成了介詞by 的賓語(yǔ)。主動(dòng)句與被動(dòng)句的結(jié)構(gòu)雖然不同，但動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者和承受者的關(guān)系并沒有改變。二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的一般結(jié)構(gòu)：即：be+ done (+ by)在被動(dòng)句中有時(shí)用在被動(dòng)句中

3、有時(shí)用by- 詞組，有時(shí)不用。一般詞組，有時(shí)不用。一般來說，當(dāng)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者為誰(shuí)不甚清楚，不甚重來說，當(dāng)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者為誰(shuí)不甚清楚，不甚重要或難以說出時(shí)，通常不用要或難以說出時(shí)，通常不用by。但有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)。但有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者或者由于上下和結(jié)構(gòu)上的需要?jiǎng)t調(diào)動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者或者由于上下和結(jié)構(gòu)上的需要?jiǎng)t必須使用必須使用 by 詞組。例如：詞組。例如：Hamlet was written by Shakespeare. 哈姆雷特哈姆雷特是莎士比亞寫的。是莎士比亞寫的。The task has been finished. 任務(wù)已經(jīng)完成了。任務(wù)已經(jīng)完成了。結(jié)構(gòu)： be+ done (+ by)The str

4、ucture of the simple future voicebe going to do sth.be about to do sth.shall/will do sth.be to do sth. GrammarThe usage of the future passive voice 將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)1.We will discuss the problem at the meeting.The problem will be discussed at the meeting.2.I will finish my homework in ten minutes.My.

5、 Homework will be finished in ten minutes.3.They will invite us to the party.We will/shall be invited to the party.將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本形式：將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本形式：主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+will/shall be doneShall 用于第一人稱，用于第一人稱，will用于各種人稱用于各種人稱They will have a show tomorrow. A show will be had (by them) tomorrow.A talk will be given(by him)

6、 soon.He will give a talk soon.Have a try!Turn the following sentences into the future passive voice.一般將來時(shí)的其他常見的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式一般將來時(shí)的其他常見的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式1be going to do sth. be going to be done常用來表示按計(jì)劃或安排將來要發(fā)生的常用來表示按計(jì)劃或安排將來要發(fā)生的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。The old library is going to be pulled down soon.E.g.:那座舊的圖書館很快要被拆除了。那座舊的圖書館很快要被拆除

7、了。E.g.:他的新書下個(gè)月就要出版了。他的新書下個(gè)月就要出版了。His new book is going to be published next month.2be to do sth. be to be doneYour homework is to be handed in tomorrow.E.g.:你們的家庭作業(yè)明天必須要交上來。你們的家庭作業(yè)明天必須要交上來。E.g.:這個(gè)任務(wù)要在這個(gè)任務(wù)要在10分鐘之內(nèi)完成。分鐘之內(nèi)完成。The task is to be finished in ten minutes.3be about to do sth. be about to be

8、done The wall is about to be painted by the worker.E.g.:工人將要去粉刷那堵墻。工人將要去粉刷那堵墻。 Obama has become the first African-American president in the United States of America.The Present Perfect TenseSentence structure:主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+have/has done現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去, ,并持續(xù)并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或者是過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響到現(xiàn)在或者是過去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響.

9、.經(jīng)常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)經(jīng)常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ): recently, up to now, since then, so far, already, just, yet 等等.How many Harry Porter books has J.K.Rowling written?She has written seven Harry Porter books .Seven Harry Porter books have been written by J.K.Rowling.The Present Perfect Passive VoiceSentence structure: s

10、ubject + have/has +been+ doneIn what cases do we use the passive voice?1.不知道或沒有必要說明的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者不知道或沒有必要說明的動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是誰(shuí)。是誰(shuí)。2.強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，而不是發(fā)出者。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者，而不是發(fā)出者。Change the following sentences into active or passive voice.1. Liu Xiang has ever broken the world record.The world record has ever been broken by Liu Xi

11、ang.2. The floor has been cleaned by my mother.My mother has cleaned the floor.電影電影畫皮畫皮2是由陳是由陳嘉上最近導(dǎo)演的。嘉上最近導(dǎo)演的。Painted Skin has recently been directed by Chen Jiashang。The Present Progressive Passive Voice 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) The present progressive passive voice 1) 表示表示“某人某人/事此時(shí)此刻正在事此時(shí)此刻正在被被”, 主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)

12、作的承受者。主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。 2) 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式： am / is / arebeing過去分詞。過去分詞。 它的否定形式是把它的否定形式是把not放在第一個(gè)放在第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞之后助動(dòng)詞之后,即即am/is/arenotbeing過去分詞。過去分詞。 疑問形式是把第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞放到句疑問形式是把第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞放到句首，句末改為問號(hào)，即首，句末改為問號(hào)，即Am/Is/Are主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)being過去分詞？過去分詞？ “三變?nèi)儭?原句主語(yǔ)變?yōu)樵渲髡Z(yǔ)變?yōu)閎y短語(yǔ)短語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ)變?yōu)橹髡Z(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)由主動(dòng)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)；謂語(yǔ)由主動(dòng)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)； “三不變?nèi)蛔儭?原句意思不變

13、原句意思不變, 原句時(shí)原句時(shí)態(tài)不變態(tài)不變, 原句主謂賓以外成分不變。原句主謂賓以外成分不變。 They are building nine parks. Nine parks are being built. How many parks are being built? 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)變被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)基本用法：基本用法：1. 表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。e.g.Mary is being interviewed now.My car is being repaired now. Whats the matter?2.

14、 表現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。表現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。The disease is being studied at present by scientists. The life of the panda is being studied at present . 現(xiàn)在正在研究熊現(xiàn)在正在研究熊貓的生活環(huán)境。貓的生活環(huán)境。Practice 1. I dont suppose the police know who did it. Well, surprisingly they do. A man has been arrested and _now. A. has being questi

15、oned B. is questioning C. has questioned D. is being questioned語(yǔ)法填空語(yǔ)法填空 1.Its said(據(jù)說) that the long bridge_（build）in two months 2.Where to have the meeting _ （discuss）now 3.Which language _the most widely_（speak）in the world？ 4.The lost boy_（not find）so far 5.Last year a large number of trees_（cut）down will be builtis being discussedisspokenhasnt been foundwere cutError correcting1.I have a lot of homework to be done tonight 2.Is your history teacher listened carefully in