DieasYouChoose

1、Lesson FourDie as You Choose生死由你生死由你Euthanasia(安樂死安樂死)lIt is the practice of killing someone who is very ill and will never get better in order to end their suffering, usually done at their request or with their consent .lPassive euthanasia Active euthanasiaForum Is euthanasia an acceptable choice f

2、or the terminally ill ?Main idealThis article is about euthanasia.lEuthanasia is a problem having been discussed for a long time.lThere are two different attitudes about it at present. Holland accepted euthanasia and openly practiced it a few thousand times each year; America condemned it.lEuthanasi

3、a is divided into two kinds - -the active and the passive. The first one is that doctors administers enough painkillers to kill, and the latter one is that doctors don t give medical treatment and let the patient die.lPassive euthanasia is accepted by many countries.lBut if euthanasia is legalized,

4、it will be used by many people to murder. The authors idea is to let patients die as they choose.Preview to be forced to stay somewhere, and suffer sth unpleasant for a long time長期受苦；受折磨；變得虛弱llanguish in prison/ in his dull job 由于坐牢/工作乏味而萎靡不振 The flowers were languishing in the heat. argumentative,

5、disputatiouslPolemic n. 論戰(zhàn) involving strong arguments for or against sth. Often in opposition to the opinion of others.lPolemicist 善辯者支持支持 VS 反對反對lproponentlsustainlsupport lstand bylback sb up lopponentlopposelbe againstlobjectloverruled（否決）lbe opposedlfight/struggle/go againstltake a stand against

6、 (stand against)lMacabre: unpleasant and strange because connected with death and frightening things.可怕的，恐怖的 That book is about the macabre tales of war in the Middle age. 那是一部關(guān)于中世紀戰(zhàn)爭的恐怖故事書。那是一部關(guān)于中世紀戰(zhàn)爭的恐怖故事書。lMonstrosity n.巨大而丑陋之物/事情lMonster /ogre 怪獸 lMonstrous adj. 丑惡的，丑陋的，駭人的lvery unpleasant and f

7、illing you with horror, usually because it is connected with death or injury.令人毛骨悚然的，令人厭惡的，可怕的lAfter the slaughter, the battlefield was a gruesome sight. 經(jīng)過這場廝殺，戰(zhàn)場上一派觸目驚心的慘狀。 la cultural or religious custom that does not allow people to do 禁忌，戒律; l a general agreement not to do sth or talk about sth

8、 避諱l“Death” is one of the great taboos in your culture.lculpable: adj. responsible and deserving blame 應(yīng)受譴責的，難辭其咎的 lThe accident was the result of a culpable failure to consider the risks involved. 這場事故是沒有考慮到有關(guān)風險引起的，應(yīng)該追究責任。lWe are ourselves partly culpable for the state of event. 事情發(fā)展到這個地步，我們自己應(yīng)該擔負一

9、些責任。lculpability n.lculpably adv.Withhold Vs Preventwithhold: to refuse to give someone something制止，抑制，拒絕給予 Prevent: to stop something from happening, or stop someone from doing something. 防止，阻止The readers cannot withhold their admiration.What can we do to prevent this disease spreading?Terminal adj

10、. can not be cured and will lead to death 晚期的，不治的，致命的l terminal lung cancer 晚期肺癌lairport/bus/train terminal 航空終點站/汽車終點站/鐵路終點站Squeamishness n.lrefer to either a mild feeling of nausea or the quality of being easily disgusted or upset. May also cause feeling faint or general uneasiness. 神經(jīng)質(zhì)；過于拘謹lSquea

11、mish adj.易心煩意亂的，神經(jīng)質(zhì)的， 神經(jīng)脆弱的 l-ish: 似的，有點兒的l-ly:像的lchildish , girlish , mannish , boyish, reddish, womanly , motherly, sisterly, brotherly, manlyIntrude VS InvadelIntrude :v. to go or be somewhere you are not wanted or are not supposed to be 闖入；to interrupt someone in his private affairs in an annoyi

12、ng and unwanted way侵擾，擾亂lIntrude on/into/uponlInvade: to enter a country, town, or area using military force in order to take control of it 侵略，侵犯lWould I be (intruding, invading) if I jointed in your discussion?lusher n. / v. 引座員/引導(dǎo) The girl ushered me along the aisle to my seat. 引座小姐領(lǐng)我沿著通道到我的座位。lus

13、her in: to be the beginning of sth new, or to make sth new begin 開創(chuàng)，開始，開啟，帶來lusher in a new age of prosperity 走進了一個繁榮的新時代Text analysisl1. dodge: l1)avoid , evade or elude He was accused of dodging his taxes. 他被指控逃稅。l2)move aside suddenly I dodged out of the way when he threw a chair at me. 他將椅子向我扔來的

14、時候,我急忙閃開。lcome to light: to be discovered or revealed 暴露，真相大白，眾所周知lOn investigation some new facts came to light. 一經(jīng)調(diào)查,一些新的事實就被暴露了。 lIt has now come to light that he was financially backed by some interest group. 人們剛剛得知,他受到了某個利益集團的經(jīng)濟支持。lBring to light 揭示 顯露 lWe hope the investigator will bring to li

15、ghtbring to light more facts about this murder. lWhich of these countries has a mercy-killing doctor now languishing in its jails？It is the small one， Holland， which has rules for euthanasia and so can police it effectively. （which 指？）The Dutch doctor broke his countrys rules. l 在上述哪個國家有醫(yī)生因為實施安樂死而在監(jiān)

16、獄里服刑呢？是在小國荷蘭。荷蘭制定了有關(guān)安樂死的法律，能有效地管理它。那位荷蘭的醫(yī)生違反了他國家的規(guī)定。lThere is a moral here for all the countries，and not just for the big death-forbidding country， America. Right now it is going over the arguments about euthanasia once again. （moral about what？ Death-forbidding 只是禁止死亡嗎？It 指的是？） l 這里涉及到的（有關(guān)安樂死的）道德問題

17、在所有國家都存在，決不僅只針對美國這個禁止安樂死的大國。目前美國正再次展開有關(guān)安樂死的辯論。 bizarre : weird （adj.)lunusual in appearance, style , or characters 外貌,風格或性格怪異 lhis bizarre behavior 他古怪的行為lBizarrely dressed 穿著奇裝異服lat ones request =at the request of sb 應(yīng)某人的要求l他按照經(jīng)理的要求到了那里。l He was there at the request of his manager/at his managers r

18、equest.lThis started a debate that will rumble on into the autumn, when Californians may vote on a proposed law legalizing euthanasia.lvote on: 就.進行表決lLets vote on this issue, since we cant agree. 既然我們不能達成一致意見,就來投票表決吧。lRumble onl1. Thunder is rumbling in the distance.l2. rumble on : ( an argument or

19、 a dispute, to continue slowly and steadily for a long time) 緩慢而長久地持續(xù)lDiscussions rumble on over the siting of the new airport. 關(guān)于新機場的選址問題，討論起來沒完沒了。l這挑起了一場將會持續(xù)到秋季的爭執(zhí)不休的辯論，到那時加利福尼亞人會就安樂死合法化的議案進行表決。lMost say they know somebody else who does. But because they can rarely discuss euthanasia openly with p

20、atients even when those patients beg them for it doctors tend to kill only when the dying are too far gone to consent.l ( 如何理解 be too far gone to consent)l 多數(shù)醫(yī)生說他們知道其他醫(yī)生也有同樣的行為。多數(shù)醫(yī)生說他們知道其他醫(yī)生也有同樣的行為。但是但是因為因為醫(yī)生也幾乎不能與病人公開討論安樂死醫(yī)生也幾乎不能與病人公開討論安樂死-即使在病人乞求他們的時候即使在病人乞求他們的時候所以所以醫(yī)生往往傾向醫(yī)生往往傾向于于僅在僅在要死的人要死的人處于垂?；?/p>

21、迷之際而無法表達是處于垂危昏迷之際而無法表達是否同意安樂死否同意安樂死時，才結(jié)束其生命時，才結(jié)束其生命。Ql How do you understand “voluntary euthanasia”? And “involuntary euthanasia”?lAccording to the authors opinion, which of the above is more humane ? Does the author accept voluntary euthanasia or not ? Where can you find proof? lBecause many people

22、 accept that it is sad, undignified and gruesome to prolong the throes of death with all the might of medical technology, passive euthanasialetting patients dieis widely accepted.l許多人認為，動用一切醫(yī)療技術(shù)力量去延長臨終的痛苦是使人悲傷的、有損尊嚴的、令人毛骨悚然的。因此，被動安樂死-讓病人自然死亡-被人們廣泛接受。lHow long can the distinction between killing and

23、letting die hold out？l forms of euthanasia lpassive euthanasial-a patient doesnt want his life prolonged; letting patients die, do not save patientslactive euthanasia la patients want to die, kill him ( Para 4)lStand to do sth lTo be in a situation where you are likely to do sth; is likely to l可能做某事

24、l stand to gain 處于有利地位.l You stand to make/gain a lot from this deal.l你很可能會從這筆生意中大賺一筆。lJust as there can be culpable omissions, so too can there be blameless acts.l正如存在應(yīng)受譴責的不作為一樣，也存在無可指責的作為。lSuppose to take an example from the moral philosophy books that a man stands to gain from the death of a cert

25、ain child. The child strikes his head in the bath and falls unconscious. The man sits down and watches him drown. l The fact that the man has performed no action does not excuse him.（ 把the fact放到后面翻譯）l讓我們從道德哲學書中舉一個例子，假如一個人可以從某個小孩的死中獲益：那孩子在洗澡時頭部受到撞擊并且失去了知覺，他坐下來看著那孩子溺死。他沒有做任何事，但卻不能免究其咎。lSimilarly， sup

26、pose that a doctor does no wrong by withholding some treatment in order that death should come sooner rather than later. Is he then necessarily wrong if he administers enough painkillers to kill？l(passive euthanasia vs active euthanasia, 在病人的要求之下; should表示對將來的虛擬)l Does the fact that the doctor perfo

27、rmed an action， rather than an omission， condemn him？l同樣，假如一位醫(yī)生為了使死亡早日降臨而不實施某種治療，他這種做法沒有錯的話，那么他使用足夠多的止痛藥去殺人就一定有錯了么？l醫(yī)生實施了這一行為，而不是疏忽職守，就應(yīng)該受到譴責么？ Hippocrates 希波克拉底希波克拉底 西方醫(yī)學之父西方醫(yī)學之父Father of Western Medicine lThe Hippocratic Oath is an oath historically taken by doctors swearing to practice medicine e

28、thically. It is widely believed to have been written by Hippocrates, often regarded as the father of western medicine, in Ionic Greek (late 5th century BCE), or by one of his students and is usually included in the Hippocratic CorpuslI will neither give a deadly drug to anybody if asked for it, nor

29、will I make a suggestion to this effect. rule outlrule sb/sth out (as adj) l認為而把排除之外；l認為而覺得不合適lThe proposed plan was ruled out as too expensive. 建議的解決方案被認為花錢太多而遭否決。lWe cant rule out the possibility of his quitting the new job. 我們無法排除他辭掉新的工作的可能性。lLet your heart rule your head 感情用事lagree with 同意，和意見一致

30、 lagree on 對取得一致意見 lagree in 在方面意見一致；在相同 lagree about 對有相同的看法；就取得一致意見 lagree upon 對取得一致意見lEmbracel1. hug 擁抱 They embraced and swept and promised to keep in touchl2. to accept an idea, a proposal , a set of beliefs, etc, when it is done with enthusiasm 接受信奉，擁護 democracy/feminism（女權(quán)主義） l3. include 包含

31、The talks embraced a wide range of issues.lcomply with : l to obey a rule/order 遵守(意愿,要求或條 件等). lAbide by . Follow, obey l the rules /the demands/ the law/ the requests. l in compliance with lAccording to l in accordance withlPose: cause sth. to exist l引起；產(chǎn)生；造成（威脅、問題等）lpose a threat/challenge/danger/risk l 構(gòu)成威脅/挑戰(zhàn)/危險/風險lpo