必修一Unit4Grammar(1)關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句

1、Unit 4 Grammar Attributive clause guided by pronoun定語從句定語從句()1概念概念(1)定語從句：在復(fù)合句中作定語修飾主句中某一名定語從句：在復(fù)合句中作定語修飾主句中某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。(2)先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞，叫做先行詞。先行詞：被定語從句修飾的詞，叫做先行詞。(3)關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫做關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞：引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫做關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞分為關(guān)系代詞分為關(guān)系代詞(that，which，who，whom，whose，as等等)和關(guān)系副詞和關(guān)系副詞(when，where，why等等)兩類。

2、兩類。關(guān)系詞通常有三個作用：關(guān)系詞通常有三個作用：連接主從句；連接主從句；指代指代先行詞；先行詞；在定語從句中充當(dāng)一個句子成分。在定語從句中充當(dāng)一個句子成分。定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句兩類。句兩類。2關(guān)系代詞的基本用法關(guān)系代詞的基本用法關(guān)系關(guān)系代詞代詞用法用法例句例句that既可指人也可指既可指人也可指物，在定語從句物，在定語從句中作主語、賓語中作主語、賓語或表語，作賓語或表語，作賓語時常可省略。時常可省略。 This is the factory that produces cars. (作主語，指物作主語，指物)The girl

3、that spoke to me just now is my classmate. (作主語，指人作主語，指人)The film (that) we saw yesterday is interesting. (作賓語，指物作賓語，指物)which指物，在定語從指物，在定語從句中作主語、賓句中作主語、賓語或表語，作賓語或表語，作賓語時常可省略。語時?？墒÷浴hina is a country which has a long history. (作主語作主語)The car (which) my uncle had just bought was destroyed in the eart

4、hquake. (作賓語作賓語)關(guān)系關(guān)系代詞代詞用法用法例句例句who指人，在定語從句中作主語、指人，在定語從句中作主語、賓語或表語，作賓語時?？少e語或表語，作賓語時?？墒÷?。省略。I know the man who spoke to you just now. (作主語作主語)She is not the girl who she was. (作作表語表語)whom指人，指人，who的賓格，在定語的賓格，在定語從句中作賓語，常可省略，從句中作賓語，常可省略，在口語中可用在口語中可用who或或that代替。代替。Here is the man (whom) you are looking f

5、or.The woman (whom) you saw just now is our English teacher.whose可指人，也可指物，在定語可指人，也可指物，在定語從句中作定語。指人時，相從句中作定語。指人時，相當(dāng)于當(dāng)于of whom；指物時，相；指物時，相當(dāng)于當(dāng)于of which。This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world. (指人指人)The room whose windows face east is mine. (指物指物) The room the windows of which face

6、 east is mine.關(guān)系關(guān)系代詞代詞用法用法例句例句whose可指人，也可指物，可指人，也可指物，在定語從句中作定在定語從句中作定語。指人時，相當(dāng)語。指人時，相當(dāng)于于of whom；指物；指物時，相當(dāng)于時，相當(dāng)于of which。 This is the scientist whose name is known all over the world. (指人指人)The room whose windows face east is mine. (指物指物) The room the windows of which face east is mine.as引導(dǎo)非限制性引導(dǎo)非限制性定

7、語從句，可定語從句，可放在主句之前，放在主句之前，或者主句之后，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割甚至可以切割一個主句一個主句 (1) As is known to all, China is a (1) As is known to all, China is a developing country. developing country. (2) He is from the south, as we can see (2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent. from his accent. (3) John, as you

8、 know, is a famous writer.(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer. 3.只用只用that不用不用which引導(dǎo)定語從句的情況引導(dǎo)定語從句的情況用法用法例句例句(1)先行詞為不定代詞時，先行詞為不定代詞時，如如all，much，little，everything，something，anything，nothing，none，no one 等。等。I have said all(that) I want to say.Is there anything (that) I can do for you？(2)先行詞被形容詞最高級

9、、先行詞被形容詞最高級、序數(shù)詞修飾或本身就是最高序數(shù)詞修飾或本身就是最高級、序數(shù)詞時。級、序數(shù)詞時。This is the best film that has been shown in the city.Well never forget the first lesson (that) our English teacher gave us.用法用法例句例句(3)先行詞被先行詞被the only，the very，the last，just，all，every，no，little，few，any等修飾時。等修飾時。This is the very book (that) I want to

10、 buy.There is little work (that) you can do.The only thing(that)I can do is to have a rest.(4)先行詞既有人又有物先行詞既有人又有物時。時。They talked about the men and the things that they saw.用法用法例句例句(5)當(dāng)主句是以當(dāng)主句是以which或或who開頭的疑問句時。開頭的疑問句時。Which is the hotel that he stayed at last night?Who is the man that is reading ove

11、r there？(6)先行詞作主句的表先行詞作主句的表語時。語時。China isnt the country (that) it used to be.(7)主句是主句是there be結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)時，修飾其主語的定時，修飾其主語的定語從句用語從句用that引導(dǎo)。引導(dǎo)。There is a table in the corner that is folded away.4.只用只用which不用不用that引導(dǎo)定語從句的情況引導(dǎo)定語從句的情況用法用法例句例句(1)當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時。當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時。This is the house in which he once lived.(2)引

12、導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時。引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時。Football, which is a very interesting game，is played all over the world.(3)一個句子中有兩個定語從句時，為一個句子中有兩個定語從句時，為避免重復(fù)，一個用避免重復(fù)，一個用that，另一個宜用，另一個宜用which。He bought an American magazine that could give him so much English knowledge and which could help him to kill time.(4)當(dāng)先行詞本身是當(dāng)先行詞本身是th

13、at時。時。The clock is that which tells the time.5.只用只用as引導(dǎo)定語從句的情況引導(dǎo)定語從句的情況1.當(dāng)先行詞被the same或such 修飾時。構(gòu)成the same as和such as 結(jié)構(gòu)。I have got into the same trouble as he (has).2.當(dāng)非限定性定語從句 放在了主句之前，定語從句中的關(guān)系代詞要只能用as.As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health. As is known, smoking is harmful to ones health. As

14、是關(guān)系代詞。例是關(guān)系代詞。例1中的中的as作作know的賓語；的賓語； 例例2中，它充當(dāng)從句的主語，謂語動詞中，它充當(dāng)從句的主語，謂語動詞know要要用被動式用被動式 帶定語從句的諺語：1. God helps those who help themselves.自助者天助之。2. He who laughs last laughs best.誰笑到最后，誰笑的最好。3. He who doesnt reach the Great Wall is not a true man.不到長城非好漢。.用括號的關(guān)系代詞填空用括號的關(guān)系代詞填空1The season follows spring is

15、summer. (that/who/不填不填)答案：答案：that2This is the museum we visited last Saturday. (that/whom/不填不填)答案：答案：that/不填不填3The boy John is speaking with is my brother. (which/whom/不填不填)答案：答案：whom/不填不填練習(xí)4The building walls are white is my uncles house. (which/whose/不填不填)答案：答案：whose5Will you please lend me the bo

16、ok you bought yesterday? (which/that/whose)答案：答案：which/that6The girl leg was broken in the e a r t h q u a k e w a s t a k e n t o hospital.(who/whom/whose)答案：答案：whose7The student the teacher praised at t h e c l a s s m e e t i n g i s o u r monitor.(which/whom/whose)答案：答案：whom8I found some photos

17、of tourist sites were not far away from our city. (which/that/不填不填)答案：答案：which/that9I know the student_ (that/whose)article was published last month.答案：答案：whose10The woman(whom/which)you saw in the park is our English teacher.答案：答案：whom.單項填空單項填空1This is the boy without help I couldnt have passed tha

18、t difficult exam.AwhoBwhomCwhose Dthat解析：解析：選選C。先行詞。先行詞the boy指人，定語從句缺少指人，定語從句缺少定語，因此該空應(yīng)填定語，因此該空應(yīng)填whose引導(dǎo)定語從句。引導(dǎo)定語從句。2Im not sure whether this is the book my brother read the year before last.Awhose BasCwhat Dwhich解析：解析：選選D。先行詞。先行詞the book 指物，定語從句缺指物，定語從句缺少賓語，因此應(yīng)填少賓語，因此應(yīng)填which引導(dǎo)定語從句。關(guān)系代引導(dǎo)定語從句。關(guān)系代詞詞a

19、s引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句時，僅用于引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句時，僅用于the same.as.，such.as.等句型中。等句型中。3This is the very chance Im looking forward to.Ato which BwhichCwhose Dthat解析：解析：選選D。本題考查在定語從句中，當(dāng)先行詞。本題考查在定語從句中，當(dāng)先行詞被被the only，the very等修飾時，其后定語從句的等修飾時，其后定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞用引導(dǎo)詞用that。故應(yīng)選。故應(yīng)選D項。項。4Is there any other student wants to visit Wutai Mountai

20、n?I dont know.Awho BwhomCwhose Dwhich解析：解析：選選A?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。先行詞。考查定語從句。先行詞student是表是表示人的名詞，從句缺少主語，故用示人的名詞，從句缺少主語，故用who引導(dǎo)定語引導(dǎo)定語從句。從句。5The roomdoor is painted green is our headmasters office.Awhose BitsCwhich Dof which解析：解析：選選A。因。因room和和door屬于所屬關(guān)系，所以屬于所屬關(guān)系，所以只能選只能選whose。6The only languageis easy to learn is

21、 the mother tongue.Awhich BitC/ Dthat解析：解析：選選D。that引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞language。當(dāng)定語從句所修飾的先行詞前有。當(dāng)定語從句所修飾的先行詞前有only修飾時，關(guān)系代詞只能用修飾時，關(guān)系代詞只能用that。7Is this the factory a lot of students visited yesterday?Athe one BwhichCwho Dwhom解析：解析：選選B。which 引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾factory，which在從句中作賓語。在從句中作賓語。8The engine

22、er my father works with is about 50 years old.Ato whom BwhomCwith that Don whom解析：解析：選選B。定語從句中介詞。定語從句中介詞with后缺少賓語成后缺少賓語成分，且先行詞為人，故關(guān)系詞應(yīng)用分，且先行詞為人，故關(guān)系詞應(yīng)用whom。9Tom is good at maths，so I think he is the student _ can help you to work out this problem.Awhom BwhoCwhich Dwhat解析：解析：選選B。先行詞。先行詞the student指人，定語從句中指人，定語從句中缺主語，因此應(yīng)用缺主語，因此應(yīng)用who引導(dǎo)定語從句。引導(dǎo)定語從句。10Look out！Dont get too close to the house _roof is under repair.Awhose BwhereCof which Dthat解析：解析：選選A。本題考查定語從句關(guān)系代詞的用法。本題考查定語從句關(guān)系代詞的用法。house與與roof之間有從屬關(guān)系，因此用之間有從屬關(guān)系，因此用whose。11Is th