國(guó)際貿(mào)易學(xué)期末考試重點(diǎn)

1、Chapter 4 Demand and Supply, Offer Curves, and the Terms of Trade4.1 Introduction We present a more rigorous theoretical way of determining the equilibrium-relative commodity price with tradeFirst, partial equilibrium analysis(局部均衡分析）局部均衡分析）Second, general equilibrium analysis（一般均衡分（一般均衡分析）析）Last， t

2、he meaning, measurement and importance of terms of trade (貿(mào)易條件）貿(mào)易條件） 4.2 The Equilibrium-Relative Commodity Price with Trade- Partial Equilibrium Analysis (貿(mào)易貿(mào)易均衡相對(duì)價(jià)格的局部均衡分析）均衡相對(duì)價(jià)格的局部均衡分析）Panel APanel BPanel CNation 1s Market for Commodity X International Trade in Commodity X Nation 2s Market for Co

3、mmodity X BEBDxASxP1P2P3ExportESxDxP3DSE#AB#A#ImportAPx/PyPx/PyPx/PyXXX4Case Study 4-1, read the case for international price of petroleum in nominal and real.Case Study 4-2 read about the index of export to import prices for the United States from 1972 to 20014.3 Offer Curves (提供曲線）提供曲線）4.3 A Origi

4、n and Definition of Offer CurvesThe offer curve of a nation shows how much of its import commodity the nation demands for it to be willing to export the various amount of its export commodity. 提供曲線反映的是一國(guó)為了進(jìn)口其需要的某一提供曲線反映的是一國(guó)為了進(jìn)口其需要的某一數(shù)量的商品而愿意出口的商品的數(shù)量。數(shù)量的商品而愿意出口的商品的數(shù)量。4.3 B Deviation and Shape of the

5、Offer Curve of Nation 1 ( A 國(guó)提供曲線的推導(dǎo)和形狀）國(guó)提供曲線的推導(dǎo)和形狀）10110X1303070955032100806045200YPB=1 EHPF=1/2XY404060H602020EGPB=1PF=1/2PA=1/4COffer Curve of Nation 1Nation 1GC4.3 C Deviation and Shape of the Offer Curve of Nation 1 ( B 國(guó)提供曲線的推導(dǎo)和形狀）國(guó)提供曲線的推導(dǎo)和形狀）12014065856040200XNation 2AB20408010045Y32HEFXPB=1P

6、F=2GCXXY404060H602020EPB=1PA=4Offer Curve of Nation 2PF=2GC44.4 The Equilibrium Relative Commodity Price with Trade-General Equilibrium Analysis (貿(mào)易貿(mào)易均衡相對(duì)商品價(jià)格的一般均衡分析）均衡相對(duì)商品價(jià)格的一般均衡分析） The intersection of the offer curve of the two nations defines the equilibrium relative commodity price at which trad

7、e takes place between them. 兩個(gè)國(guó)家提供曲線的交點(diǎn)確定了兩國(guó)在開展貿(mào)易兩個(gè)國(guó)家提供曲線的交點(diǎn)確定了兩國(guó)在開展貿(mào)易時(shí)的貿(mào)易均衡相對(duì)商品價(jià)格。只有在均衡貿(mào)易價(jià)時(shí)的貿(mào)易均衡相對(duì)商品價(jià)格。只有在均衡貿(mào)易價(jià)格水平上兩國(guó)貿(mào)易才能達(dá)到平衡。格水平上兩國(guó)貿(mào)易才能達(dá)到平衡。XY404060H602020EPA=4PF=2GCPB=1PF=1/2PA=1/4Nation 1Nation 2H4.5 Relationship between General and Partial Equilibrium Analyses (一般均衡與局部均衡的關(guān)一般均衡與局部均衡的關(guān)系）系）1/41/2

8、11 .5208060401001200HEHRRSDPx/PyExcess supplyExcess DemandExport of Commodity X4.6 Terms of Trade (貿(mào)易條件）貿(mào)易條件）4.6A Definition and Measurement of Terms of Trade The Terms of trade of a nation are defined as the ratio of the price of its export commodity to the price of its import commodity.4.6 B Illus

9、tration of the Terms of TradeThe terms of trade of one nation are equal to the reciprocal of the terms of trade of its trade partner.Terms of trade can not used as the only reason to explain whether the nations welfare has been improved or not.4.6 C Usefulness of the Model Homework:Page 104 questions for review: 4 and 10Problems : 7Question 1 Explain the offer curve of the nationQuestion2 In what way is a nati