常用臨床醫(yī)學術語

1、常用臨床醫(yī)學術語diseases 疾病 acute diseases 急性病 advanced diseases病沉重期，晚期疾病 chronic diseases 慢性病 communicable diseases 傳染病 complicating diseases 并發(fā)病 congenital diseases 先天性疾病 acquired diseases 后天性疾病 contagious diseases接 觸性傳染病 endemic diseases 地方病 epidemic diseases 流行病 functional diseases 機能病、官能病 infectious di

2、seases 傳染病 inherited diseases 遺傳病 malignant diseases 惡性病 nutritional diseases 營養(yǎng)病 occupation diseases 職業(yè)病 organic diseases 器質性病 paroxysmal diseases 陣發(fā)性病 periodical diseases 周期病 primary(principal)diseases 原發(fā)(主導)病 secondary diseases 繼發(fā)病 sexual(venereal, social)diseases 性病 terminal diseases 絕癥 wasting

3、diseases消耗性疾病chief complaint 主訴 clinical manifestation 臨床表現(xiàn) delivery history 分娩史 etiology病因學 family history 家族史 history, medical history 病史 precipitating(induced)誘因 marital status 婚姻狀況 menstrual history 月經史 menarche 初潮 menopause 閉經 past history 既往史 pathogenesis發(fā)病機制 personal history 個人史 symptoms 癥狀 c

4、ardinal symptom 主要癥狀 classical symptom 典型癥狀 concomitant symptom 伴發(fā)癥狀 constitutional(systemic) symptom 全身癥狀 indirect symptom 間接癥狀 induced symptom 誘發(fā)癥狀 local symptom 局部癥狀 mental symptom 精神癥狀 symptom-complex (syndrome)symptom 綜合癥，癥 候群 signs體征 antecedent 前驅征 assident (accessory) 副征commemorative 后遺癥 sign

5、 of death 死征 diagnostic 診斷征 sign of disease 病征 subjective自覺征，主觀征 vein sign靜脈征 vital sign生命體征 body length (height of the body) 身高 body weight 體重 barrel chest 桶狀胸 cachexia惡病質 compulsive position 被動體位 critical facies 病危面容 emaciation 消瘦 enophthalmos眼球下陷 entropion瞼內翻 exophthalmos眼球突出 flushed face面色潮紅 gai

6、n (loss) in weight 增加(減輕)體重 lock-jaw牙關緊閉 lordosis脊柱前凸 nasal ala flap 鼻翼扇動 nystagmus 眼震 obesity 肥胖 pallor蒼白 scolisis脊柱側凸 agitation焦急不安 debility, weakness 虛弱 diaphoresis 出汗，大量出汗 dizziness, vertigo 眩暈 lassitude, fatigue 無力，倦怠 malaise 不適 night sweat 盜汗 numbness 麻木 rigor, chill寒冷，發(fā)冷 perspiration, sweatin

7、g 出汗 pruritus, itching 癢, somasthenia軀體無力 tingling 麻刺感abscess 膿腫 acidosis酸中毒 adhesion 粘連 alkalosis堿中毒 allergy 過敏 coagulation defect 凝血不良 congestion 充血 dehydration 脫水 distention 膨脹 edema水腫 embolism栓塞，栓塞形成 fluid and electrolyte imbalance 水電解質紊舌L gangrene 壞疽 hematoma 血腫 hemorrhage, bleeding 出血infarctio

8、n梗塞，梗死 infection 傳染 inflammation 炎癥 ketoacidosis酮酸中毒 metastasis 轉移 perforation 穿孑L necrosis 壞死 shock休克 response反應，應答 reaction 反應，感應 thrombosis血栓形成 ulceration 潰瘍fever, pyrexia 發(fā)燒，發(fā)熱 continuous fever 稽留熱 intermittent fever 間歇熱 low-grade fever 低熱 remittent fever 馳張熱 relapsing fever 回歸熱 pain 痛 burning p

9、ain 灼痛 chest（flank, ）pan （脅腹）痛 cramp-like pain 痙攣性痛 dull, diffused pain 彌漫性鈍痛 pleuritic pain胸膜炎性痛 radiating pain （pain radiating to 放射性痛（放射 到疼痛）angina絞痛 cardiac angina 心絞痛 backache 背痛 colic絞痛，急腹痛 earache 耳痛 headache 頭痛 neuralgia神經痛 migraine偏頭痛 rebound tenderness 反跳痛 somatalgia 軀體痛 sore throat 咽喉痛 st

10、omachache 胃痛 toothache 牙痛 bloody sputum帶血的痰 cough咳嗽 dry cough 干咳 expectoration 咳痰 expectoration of blood 咳血 hemoptysis 咳血anoxia缺氧apnea呼吸暫停，窒息 asthma氣喘，哮喘 Cheyne Stokes respiration切斯氏呼吸，潮式呼吸 dyspnea呼吸困難 hyperpnea hyperventilation 過度呼吸，換氣過度 hypopnea呼吸不全，呼吸淺表 hypoxia低氧，缺氧 orthopnea端坐呼吸 respiratory arre

11、st 呼吸停止 suffocation 窒息 tachypnea呼吸急促 fetid breath 口臭 fruity breath呼吸有水果味arrhythmia心律失常，心律不齊atelectasis肺不張，肺膨脹不全 cardiac arrest 心搏驟停 cardiac hypertrophy 心臟肥大 cyanosis發(fā)紺，青紫 distension of jugular vein 頸靜脈怒張 extrasystole期外收縮 gallop rhythm 奔馬律 hemopleura 血胸 hepatojugular reflux 肝頸靜脈回流 hypovolemia（循環(huán)）血容量減

12、少palpitation 心悸 tachycardia心動過速 pneumothorax 氣胸 thrill震顫 absent breath sounds 呼吸音消失 dull sound 濁音 hyperresonant 鼓音 rale啰音 rhonchus, rhonchi 鼾音，干啰音 wheeze哮鳴音anorexia, loss of appetite 食欲不振，厭食 dysphagia吞咽困難 eructation 曖氣 belching 曖氣 flatulence 氣脹 flatus腸胃氣，屁 gaseous distention 胃脹氣 hematemesis 嘔血 hicco

13、ugh, hiccup 打呃，呃逆 nausea惡心 pyrosis胃灼熱 regurgitation 反胃，回流 thirsty 口渴 vomiting 嘔吐 anal fissure, crack in the anal canal 肛裂 ascites 腹水 board-like rigidity of the abdomen 板狀腹 decreased tactile fremitus 觸覺性震顫減弱 exophageal varices食管靜脈曲張 fistula痿，痿管 hemorrhoid 痔 hernia 疝 hepatomegaly 肝腫大 intussusception 腸

14、套疊 jaundice 黃疸 muscle guarding, defence of the abdominal wall 腹壁 肌衛(wèi) peristalsis 蠕動 loss of peristalsis 蠕動消失 mass peristalsis 總蠕動 retrograde （reversed） peristalsis 逆蠕動 prolapse 脫垂 prolapse of anus 脫肛 rectal prolapse直腸脫垂，脫肛 volvulus腸扭轉calculus結石， 石 biliary calculus 膽結石 vesical calculus 膀胱結石constipatio

15、n 便秘 defecation 排便diarrhea 腹瀉 incontinence of feces 大便失禁 hematochezia 便血 fecal impaction 大便嵌塞 occult blood 潛血 painful straining with defecation 排便痛性牽動 clay colored stools 陶土色便 dark, granular/coffee ground emesis 咖啡樣嘔吐物 fecal vomiting, stercoraceous vomiting 嘔糞，吐糞 foul fatty stools, steatorrhea 惡臭脂肪便

16、，脂肪痢 scanty and hard stools 便少而硬 tarry (black) stools 柏油樣便anuria無尿burning sensation no urination 排尿時的灼燒感 dysurea排尿困難，尿痛 enuresis, bed wetting 遺尿 frequency of urination 尿頻 micturation 排尿 uresis, urination, voiding 排尿 nocturia 夜尿 oliguria 少尿 polyuria 多尿 tenesmus里急后重 vesical tenesmus排尿時里急后重 uremia coma

17、尿毒癥昏迷 urgency of urination 尿急 urinary incontinence 尿失禁aciduria 酸尿 chyluria乳糜尿 cylindruia 管型尿 glycosuria 糖尿 hematuria 血尿 ketonuria 酮尿 pneumatinuria 氣尿 proteinuria 蛋白尿 pyuria膿尿amenorrhea 經閉，無月經 dysmenorrhea 痛經 menorrhagia月經過多 lochia惡露menorrhea 行經，月經過多 menstruation 月經 uterine contraction 子宮收縮blotch斑點 b

18、ruise挫傷，青腫 acne痤瘡，粉刺 desquamation 脫皮，脫屑 ecchymosis 瘀斑 loss of skin turgor 失去皮膚充盈 nevus 痣 papule丘疹 petechia瘀點，瘀斑 pigmentation色素沉著 pustule 膿皰 purpura 紫癲 red nodule紅結節(jié) roseola玫瑰疹 scar傷疤 senile plaque 老人斑spider anaioma 蛛形痣 subcutaneous nodule 皮下結節(jié) urticaria蕁麻疹 vesicle小水皰 vitiligo 白斑blindness 失明 blurred

19、vision, visual disturbance 視力模糊 impaired vision 視力下降 lacrimation 流淚 papilledema視神經乳頭水腫 photophobia 畏光，羞明 retinal detachment 視網膜脫離deafness 聾 hearing loss聽力喪失 tinnitus 耳鳴 epistaxis, nasal bleeding 鼻出血 impaired smelling 嗅覺障礙 nasal discharge 鼻涕 nasal obstruction 鼻塞 sneeze噴嚏 snore打鼾 aphonia, loss of voic

20、e 失音癥 hoarseness 嘶啞 gum bleeding齒齦出血 herpes labialis 唇皰疹，感冒瘡 Koplik s spo科普利克斑 lead line of the gum 齦鉛線 salivation, drooling 流口水 straw-berry tongue 草莓舌 tremulous tongue 舌震顫atrophy 萎縮 contracture 攣縮 deformity 畸形，變形 dislocation 脫位 fracture 骨折 closed (simple)fracture 無創(chuàng)骨折，單純性骨折 comminuted fracture 粉碎性骨

21、折 compound fracture 哆開(開放性)骨折 knock-knee 膝外翻 opisthotonos 角弓反張 prosthesis 假體 spasm痙攣 tetany (肌)強直，手足抽搦 wrist drop 腕下垂aphasia 失語 ataxia共濟失調 coma昏迷 consciousness 知覺，意識 convulsion抽搐，驚厥 delirium 譫妄 delusion 妄想 faint昏厥 hallucination 幻覺 hemiplegia 偏癱 increased intracranial pressure 顱內壓增高 insanity精神錯亂 loss

22、 of orientation 定向喪失 mania躁狂 memory defects, amnesia 記憶缺損，遺忘癥palliative treatment, alleviative treatment physical therapy 物理療法 psychotherapy 精神療法 radical treatment 根治 radio-therapy放射性療法 supporting treatment 支持療法 symptomatic treatment 對癥療法 cardiac massage 心臟按摩 cardiac pacing 心臟起博 electrotherapy 電療法 e

23、lectroshock treatment 電休克療法 hemodialysis血液透析 hyperbaric therapy 高壓氧療法 insulin-shock treatment 胰島素休克療法 light therapy 光療法 therapeutic gymnastics 醫(yī)療體育姑息療法paraplegia截癱，下身麻痹 projectile vomiting 噴射性嘔吐 somnolence, (lethargy)昏睡，嗜睡 stupor木僵，昏呆 tetraplegia四肢癱瘓 unconsciousness 失去知覺 yawning打哈欠crisis危象cerebral (febrile, hematic, hemolytic,hypertensive, thyrotoxic,)crisis腦(熱、血性、溶血、高血壓、甲狀腺中毒)危象failure衰竭，故障central (circulatory, cardiac, myocardiac, peripheral, congestive, renal, respiratory) failure中樞(循環(huán)、心力、心肌、周圍循環(huán)、充血性、腎、 呼吸)衰竭diagnosis 診斷 auscultation 聽診 inspection 視診 palpation 觸診 percussion 叩診 la