大學英語B網(wǎng)考閱讀

1、全國高校網(wǎng)絡(luò)教育全國高校網(wǎng)絡(luò)教育大學英語（大學英語（B）考試）考試閱讀理解閱讀理解3、題型分析：、題型分析：將閱讀理解分為四種類型：將閱讀理解分為四種類型：3.1 主旨題(main idea questions)3.2 細節(jié)題(facts questions) 3.3 推斷題(inference questions) 3.4 指代釋義題(designation & paraphrase questions)3.1 主旨題主旨題(main idea questions)(main idea questions)3.1.1 3.1.1 常見的提問方式有：常見的提問方式有： The passage

2、is about The theme/main idea of the passage is What is the purpose/conclusion/view of the passage? The best title for this passage would be What does the passage mainly discuss?.3.1 主旨題主旨題(main idea questions)(main idea questions)3.1.2 3.1.2 命題特點：命題特點：1）段首、段尾句通常是表達文章中心思想的主題句，為?？键c；2）對比轉(zhuǎn)折處往往表達作者的真實寫作目

3、的或觀點，是文章的重要內(nèi)容，為常考點；3）用一些常見的因果詞，如because, for, as, since, therefore(因此), consequently(結(jié)果), lead to(導(dǎo)致)，owing to(由于)引導(dǎo)的因果句用以表達文章主旨，為?？键c。 3.1 主旨題主旨題(main idea questions)(main idea questions) 3.1.3 3.1.3 辨別主題句辨別主題句 一般而言，主題句具有語意完整、形式簡潔、觀點明確的特征，給人以“一言道破”的感覺。在有些文章中，段落主題句和語篇主題句一般位于段落或篇章的開頭部分，開頭就明確主題，然后展開討論；

4、在有些文章中，主題句則出現(xiàn)在段末或篇末，作為由具體事實引出的一般結(jié)論。3.1 主旨題主旨題(main idea questions)(main idea questions)3.1.4 3.1.4 干擾項的主要特點干擾項的主要特點1）有些干擾選項只概括了局部信息，即某個自然段中的細節(jié)或某個自然段的大意，在做題時，切記晃一眼就匆忙做選擇；2）有些干擾選項概括范圍過寬，即選項內(nèi)容超出或多于文章闡述的內(nèi)容；3）有些干擾選項涉及到無關(guān)信息，即文章本身無法推斷出來的信息，也就是文章中沒有提到也找不到語言依據(jù)的信息。 操練：操練：3.1 主旨題主旨題(main idea questions)(main i

5、dea questions)Example 1: The snow was falling very heavily. The sky was very cloudy. The wind was blowing very hardabout 45 miles per hour. It was -18 degrees outside. It was hard to see objects only a few feet in front of you.Q: Which of the following sentences best express the main idea of the par

6、agraph? A. Its cold outside. B. Its winter time. C. The weather was changeable. D. The weather was terrible.3.1 主旨題主旨題(main idea questions)(main idea questions)Example 2: There is a simple economic principle used to determine prices. It is called the law of supply and demand. Supply means the amount

7、 of, or access(接近)to certain goods. Demand represents the number of people who want those goods. If there are more goods than wanted, the price of them falls. On the other hand, if the demand for those goods is much greater than the supply, then the price rises. Of course, manufacturers prefer to se

8、ll more goods at increased prices.3.1 主旨題主旨題(main idea questions)(main idea questions)Q: The title that best expresses the ideas of the passage is_. A. Economic Principle B. Law of Supply and Demand C. More Goods, Lower Prices D. Fewer Goods, Higher Prices3.2 細節(jié)題細節(jié)題(facts questions)3.2.1 3.2.1 常見的提問

9、方式有：常見的提問方式有：Which of the following is (not) true? Which of the following is mentioned except? The reason for is that?3.2 細節(jié)題細節(jié)題(facts questions) 3.2.2 3.2.2 命題特點：命題特點： 提問方式靈活多變，對象涉及到短文的各種具體細節(jié)，如時間、地點、原因、結(jié)果、方式等等。但有一個共同特點，答案一般都能在文章當中直接找到。有時候，命題者為了增加考題的難度，會有意避開文中所用的詞匯，而用該詞的同義詞或相近的短語。在這種情況下，考生就需要根據(jù)題目所涉及

10、的細節(jié)，在文中找到出處，對比選項后再作答。3.2 細節(jié)題細節(jié)題(facts questions) 3.2.3 3.2.3 語言標志詞：語言標志詞：1）與主旨大意有關(guān)的重要事實或細節(jié)的詞,如for example（比如說）, that is（那就是說）, it is essential（必要的）等2）表示因果關(guān)系的詞,如because, since, so, as a result（結(jié)果）, derive from（來自,起源于）3）表示轉(zhuǎn)折對立關(guān)系的詞,如while然而, however但是, but, although雖然但是, yet, still, in fact事實上, on the

11、other hand另一方面來講, on the contrary相反3.2 細節(jié)題細節(jié)題(facts questions)Example : One of the most important weapons used during the Second World War was not a weapon used against people, but rather a drug used against disease. The wartime use of penicillin(盤尼西林) saved thousands of lives. In the First World Wa

12、r, for example, pneumonia(肺炎) was responsible for eighteen percent of all the deaths in the United States army. In the Second World War, the rate went down to less than one percent. In addition, penicillin was instrumental in keeping wounds from getting infected and in helping to speed the healing p

13、rocess of those wounds that did become infected.3.2 細節(jié)題細節(jié)題(facts questions)Q 1: According to the passage, one of the leading causes of death during the first World War was _. A. gas B. accidents C. disease D. drugsQ 2: According to the passage, penicillin was useful in the Second World War for all o

14、f the following purposes except _. A. hurting the enemy B. treating pneumonia C. preventing infection D. healing wounds3.3 推斷題推斷題(inference questions)3.3.1 3.3.1 常見的提問方式：常見的提問方式： We can learn from the passage that從文章我們能知道 The passage/the author imply that這篇文章/作者暗示了 It can be concluded from the passa

15、ge that從文章我們能得出結(jié)論 Which of the following is the authors view on?下面選項中哪個表明了作者的觀點 The authors purpose of writing the passage is作者寫這篇文章的目地是3.3 推斷題推斷題(inference questions)3.3.2 3.3.2 邏輯推理選擇項的關(guān)鍵詞：邏輯推理選擇項的關(guān)鍵詞：褒義詞褒義詞：positive（肯定的、積極的）, useful, efficient等貶義詞貶義詞：negative（否定的、消極的）, disgusting（令人厭惡的）, critical

16、（批判的）, disapprove（不贊成） 等中性詞中性詞：indifferent（冷漠的）, neutral（中立的）等3.3 推斷題推斷題(inference questions)Example 1: Have you ever heard of a star that doesnt shine? Some stars have used up all their fuel. They are called “dead stars”. Scientists believe these stars must be very large and heavy, because they see

17、m to push and pull other stars around them. Since we cannot see these dead stars, how do we know that they exist? Scientists can determine their existence by studying the movements of stars that do shine. Q: The story implies, but does not directly state that dead stars _. A. affect other stars B. a

18、re too far away to be seen C. force all smaller stars away D. do reflect light3.3 推斷題推斷題(inference questions)Example 2: Each day every person in the United States throws away more than five pounds of garbage(垃圾). There is more garbage now than ever before and most of it is made up of the packages an

19、d cans in which we buy our food. The traditional way of getting rid of solid wastes is quickly becoming inadequate. Many cities are doing experiment with newer ways of handling their piles of garbage. One of these new ways is “recycling”(回收利用). Through recycling usable materials are taken out of gar

20、bage and made into something else. These usable parts of garbage are put through the cycle of going from a row material to a finished product again.3.3 推斷題推斷題(inference questions)Q 1: Traditionally, garbage is thought to be _. A. a worthless burden to big cities B. something that can be reused C. a

21、raw material for making new products D. able to recycle but difficult to handleQ 2: A lot of cities are trying new ways to treat garbage mainly because _. A. their environment is becoming more and more dirty B. the traditional ways of treating wastes are not efficient C. they are short of useful mat

22、erial D. they need new material made from garbage3.4 指代釋義題指代釋義題(designation & paraphrase questions)(designation & paraphrase questions)3.4.1 3.4.1 常見的提問方式：常見的提問方式： What is the meaning of “”in Line(含義) The word “” stands for(代表) According to the passage, the phrase “” means(含義) The word/phrase/sentence “” in line “”refers to(指含義)3.4.2 3.4.2 幾種推測詞義的方法：幾種推測詞義的方法：1 1）利用同義詞的釋義）利用同義詞的釋義例如：Jane is punctual, that is, every day she comes here on time. 簡很準時，也就是說，她每天都準時來這里。分析：that is(那就是說)引出對punctual的釋義，即on time（準時，按時）。3.4 指代釋義題指代釋義題(designation & paraphrase questions)(designation & paraph