Module5Cloning

1、Module 5 CloningLanguage points21.While studying at university, he discovers the secrets of how to create life.上大學(xué)時，他發(fā)現(xiàn)了怎樣創(chuàng)造生命的秘上大學(xué)時，他發(fā)現(xiàn)了怎樣創(chuàng)造生命的秘密密。 While studying at university = while he is studying at university, 從句的主語和從句的主語和主句的主語一致，因從句的謂語含有主句的主語一致，因從句的謂語含有be動動詞（詞（am/ is / are / was / were）, 故省略從

2、故省略從句的主語和句的主語和be動詞。動詞。Do be careful when (you are) crossing the road.過馬路時一定要小心。過馬路時一定要小心。3When (it is) heated to 100, water will turn into vapor.水加熱到水加熱到100度就會變成蒸汽。度就會變成蒸汽。He was happy, although / though (he was) poor.他雖然窮，但很快樂。他雖然窮，但很快樂。He stood up as if / though (he was) to leave.他站起來好像要離開。他站起來好像要

3、離開。4注意：以注意：以if從句為代表的狀語從句中的特殊省略從句為代表的狀語從句中的特殊省略用法：通常省略了用法：通常省略了it is, that is, there is / are。If (it is) possible / necessary, this old temple will be rebuilt.如果可能如果可能 / 必要的話，將重修這座古廟。必要的話，將重修這座古廟。If (that is) so, I will call you back at 5:00 pm.倘若如此，我下午倘若如此，我下午5點給你回電話。點給你回電話。There are only a few book

4、s in our school library, if (there are) any.如果我們學(xué)校圖書館有些書，也不多。如果我們學(xué)校圖書館有些書，也不多。5【活學(xué)活用】【活學(xué)活用】Unless _ to speak in Britain, you should remain completely silent over tea.A. invited B. being invited C. to be invited D. having invitedWhile watching TV, _.A. the doorbell rangB. the doorbell ringsC. we hear

5、d the doorbell ringD. we heard the doorbell rings62. But these things contrasted horribly with his yellow eyes, his wrinkled yellow skin and black lips.但這些東西卻和他的黃色的眼睛、皺巴巴的但這些東西卻和他的黃色的眼睛、皺巴巴的皮膚以及黑嘴唇形成了驚人的對比。皮膚以及黑嘴唇形成了驚人的對比。 contrast v. 對比，對照對比，對照 n. 對比，對照對比，對照 The writer contrasts good with / and evi

6、l in the novel. 在小說中作者把善和惡作了對比。在小說中作者把善和惡作了對比。 Your action contrasted sharply with your principles. 你的行為和你的原則相差甚遠(yuǎn)。你的行為和你的原則相差甚遠(yuǎn)。7 In contrast to / with your belief that we shall fail, I know we shall succeed. 你相信我們會失敗，可是相反，我知道我們你相信我們會失敗，可是相反，我知道我們會成功。會成功。 【聯(lián)想拓展】【聯(lián)想拓展】 by / in contrast 對比之下對比之下 in co

7、ntrast with / to 與與對比起來對比起來 contrast .with / and 把把和和進(jìn)行對比進(jìn)行對比8【活學(xué)活用】【活學(xué)活用】 他的白頭發(fā)和黑皮膚形成了鮮明的對比。他的白頭發(fā)和黑皮膚形成了鮮明的對比。(一句多譯一句多譯) His white hair was _ _ _ _ his dark skin. His white hair _ _ _ his dark skin.insharpcontrasttocontrasted sharplywith93. We could use cloning to cure illnesses. 我們可以用克隆來治療疾病。我們可以用

8、克隆來治療疾病。 cure v. 治療，痊愈治療，痊愈 n. 藥物，療法藥物，療法 Nothing can cure him of his laziness.沒有什么能矯正他的懶惰。沒有什么能矯正他的懶惰。 Aspirin is a good cure for headache.阿司匹林是治療頭痛的良藥。阿司匹林是治療頭痛的良藥。10辨析辨析 cure， treat 與與 heal單詞單詞含義含義用法側(cè)重點用法側(cè)重點例證例證cure治療，治療，治愈治愈側(cè)重結(jié)果側(cè)重結(jié)果cure sb. of a disease治愈某人的疾病治愈某人的疾病treat治療，治療，處理處理側(cè)重動作側(cè)重動作treat

9、ones wound / toothache / a disease治療某人的傷口治療某人的傷口/牙疼牙疼/疾疾病病heal康復(fù)，康復(fù)，治療治療治好外傷，治好外傷，側(cè)重結(jié)果側(cè)重結(jié)果heal a wound / sb. 治療傷口治療傷口/ 某人某人11科學(xué)家很快發(fā)現(xiàn)它能夠用作治療癌癥?？茖W(xué)家很快發(fā)現(xiàn)它能夠用作治療癌癥。Scientists soon discovered that it could be used as _ _ _ cancer.醫(yī)生治不好他的頭疼病。醫(yī)生治不好他的頭疼病。The doctor cant _ him _ his headache.他的傷口痊愈了。他的傷口痊愈了。H

10、is wound _.acureforcureofhealed124. many questions also arise in the cloning of dinosaurs. 在克隆恐龍的過程中在克隆恐龍的過程中也出現(xiàn)很多問題。也出現(xiàn)很多問題。 辨析辨析 arise, rise & raisearise 發(fā)生，發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)出現(xiàn)不及物不及物arose / arisen多用于表示抽象意義，多用于表示抽象意義，與之連用的詞有：與之連用的詞有：difficulty, issue, matter, chance, problem等，等，rise上升，上升，升高升高不及物不及物rose / risen

11、用于具體意義用于具體意義raise提出；提出；撫養(yǎng)；撫養(yǎng)；飼養(yǎng)飼養(yǎng)及物及物raised / raised13 Use the money when need arises.有需要時就用這筆錢。有需要時就用這筆錢。Smoke was rising from the chimney.煙囪正冒著煙。煙囪正冒著煙。He is strong enough to raise the stone.他很強壯，能舉得起這塊石頭。他很強壯，能舉得起這塊石頭。14【活學(xué)活用】【活學(xué)活用】翻譯句子翻譯句子1. 城里出現(xiàn)了好幾種新行業(yè)。城里出現(xiàn)了好幾種新行業(yè)。_2. 新的困難出現(xiàn)了。新的困難出現(xiàn)了。_Several n

12、ew industries arose in the town.A new difficulty has arisen.Grammar 虛擬語氣小結(jié)虛擬語氣小結(jié)161. 虛擬語氣在非真實條件句中的應(yīng)用：虛擬語氣在非真實條件句中的應(yīng)用：與過去事實相反的假設(shè)與過去事實相反的假設(shè)從句謂語：從句謂語：had done (be動詞用動詞用had been)主句謂語：主句謂語：should / would / could / might have done例句：例句： If you had taken my advice, you would have passed the exam.如果你采納了我的建議

13、，你考試就及格了。如果你采納了我的建議，你考試就及格了。17與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)從句謂語：從句謂語：did (be動詞一般用動詞一般用were)主句謂語：主句謂語：should / would / could / might do 例句：例句：If I were you, I would grasp the chance togo abroad.如果我是你，我會抓住這個出國的機會。如果我是你，我會抓住這個出國的機會。18與將來事實相反的假設(shè)與將來事實相反的假設(shè) did (be動詞一般用動詞一般用were)從句謂語：從句謂語： should do were to do主句謂語

14、：主句謂語：should / would / could / might do例句：例句：If you came tomorrow, we would have a meeting.如果你明天來，我們就將召開會議。如果你明天來，我們就將召開會議。19注意：虛擬條件句中注意：虛擬條件句中if的省略的省略虛擬條件句中虛擬條件句中if的省略是有條件的。只有當(dāng)?shù)氖÷允怯袟l件的。只有當(dāng)條件從句中具備以下條件從句中具備以下3個條件之一時，個條件之一時，if才才可以省略，可以省略，即條件句中必須有即條件句中必須有had, were, should。而且省略之后還要把原來的句子。而且省略之后還要把原來的句子結(jié)

15、構(gòu)進(jìn)行倒裝處理。結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行倒裝處理。If he had worked hard, he would have passed his English test. Had he worked hard, he would have passed his English test.20If you were not ill now, I would take you to the seaside for a trip. Were you not ill now, I would take you to the seaside for a trip.If it should rain tomorrow,

16、 the sports meeting would be put off.Should it rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off.212.虛擬語氣在其他句式中的應(yīng)用虛擬語氣在其他句式中的應(yīng)用名詞性從句名詞性從句主語從句主語從句句型：句型：It is desired / suggested / proposed / necessary / important / strange / natural + that從句從句謂語：謂語：should +do, should可以省略可以省略例句：例句：It is suggested tha

17、t the meeting (should) be put off till next week.22賓語從句賓語從句A. 用在用在insist, order, command, suggest, advice, propose, ask, require, request, demand后的賓語從句中，表示說話人的后的賓語從句中，表示說話人的“建議建議”“”“請求請求”“”“命令命令” 謂語：謂語：should + do, should可以省略可以省略例句：例句：Everyone insists that the time for the contest (should) be put ba

18、ck.23B.用在用在wish后面的賓語從句中后面的賓語從句中，表示說話人的，表示說話人的愿望。這種愿望可以是過去沒有實現(xiàn)的，也愿望。這種愿望可以是過去沒有實現(xiàn)的，也可以是現(xiàn)在無法實現(xiàn)的，還可以是將來不太可以是現(xiàn)在無法實現(xiàn)的，還可以是將來不太可能實現(xiàn)的?？赡軐崿F(xiàn)的。謂語：謂語：用用had done表過去；用表過去；用did (be用用were)表現(xiàn)在；用表現(xiàn)在；用“would / could等等 + do”表示將來表示將來 I wish I hadnt scolded my son. He is sad.(過去沒有實現(xiàn)的愿望過去沒有實現(xiàn)的愿望) How I wish that I were a

19、 bird.(現(xiàn)在無法實現(xiàn)在無法實現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)的 愿望愿望) I wish I could go with you for a holiday next week. （將來不大可能實現(xiàn)的愿望）（將來不大可能實現(xiàn)的愿望）24C.用在用在would rather后面的賓語從句中，后面的賓語從句中，表表示說話人的想法。有分為過去、現(xiàn)在、將示說話人的想法。有分為過去、現(xiàn)在、將來三種情況來三種情況謂語：謂語：用用had done表示過去；用表示過去；用did表示表示現(xiàn)在和將來現(xiàn)在和將來I would rather you had told me the truth.(與過去事實相反與過去事實相反)My wif

20、e would rather I didnt smoke every day. (與現(xiàn)在事實相反與現(xiàn)在事實相反)25表語從句和同位語從句表語從句和同位語從句在在suggestion, advice, proposal, order, plan, idea, request等名詞后的表語從句和等名詞后的表語從句和同位語從句要用虛擬語氣同位語從句要用虛擬語氣謂語：謂語：should + do, should可以省略可以省略My suggestion is that we (should) set out early.The advice that the mayor (should) presen

21、t the prizes was accepted by everyone.262. 定語從句中的虛擬語氣定語從句中的虛擬語氣句型：句型：It is (about / high) time that謂語：謂語：用過去式用過去式did It is (about / high) time that we went to school.3. 感嘆句中的虛擬語氣感嘆句中的虛擬語氣句型：句型：If only!謂語：謂語：did / were 表現(xiàn)在；表現(xiàn)在；had done 表過去表過去 If only I were a flying bird! If only I had been accepted

22、by Tsinghua university.273.含蓄虛擬條件句含蓄虛擬條件句 該句式指的是沒有該句式指的是沒有if引起的條件句，而只有引起的條件句，而只有一個句子。一個句子。它通過一定的上下文來交代相它通過一定的上下文來交代相當(dāng)于從句中的那一個假設(shè)。常見的上文通當(dāng)于從句中的那一個假設(shè)。常見的上文通過過but for, without來引起；常見的下文用來引起；常見的下文用otherwise, or來引出。來引出。But for / Without your timely help, I would have fallen behind the schedule.You arrived a

23、 little late, or / otherwise you would have met Zhou Bichang.284.錯綜時間虛擬語氣錯綜時間虛擬語氣 所謂錯綜時間虛擬條件句所謂錯綜時間虛擬條件句即條件句與主句即條件句與主句所指時間不一致所指時間不一致，如從句指過去，而主句如從句指過去，而主句指的是現(xiàn)在或?qū)恚藭r應(yīng)根據(jù)具體的語指的是現(xiàn)在或?qū)?，此時應(yīng)根據(jù)具體的語境情況，對主句的時態(tài)作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整境情況，對主句的時態(tài)作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。 If it had rained last night, the ground would be wet now. If you had taken my

24、 advice, you would be much better now.29【活學(xué)活用】【活學(xué)活用】1. If we had taken such effective measures much earlier, the river _ so seriously now.A. is not polluted B. would not be pollutedC. had not been polluted D. would not have been polluted302. If we _ the other road, we might have arrived here in time

25、 for the meeting.A. take B. had taken C. took D. have taken3.Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy _.A. would have been savedB. had been savedC. will be savedD. was saved 314. This printer is of good quality. If it _ break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense.A. would B. should C. could D. might5. The drunk driver wishes he _ so many injuries in the accident. But he _.A. hadnt caused; hadB. didnt