南開(kāi)大學(xué)865專業(yè)英語(yǔ)2009年考研專業(yè)課真題及答案概要

1、考研學(xué)習(xí)中，專業(yè)課占的分值較大。報(bào)考院校專業(yè)的考研專業(yè)課真題是專業(yè)課復(fù)習(xí)中必不可少的資料。中公考研為大家整理了南開(kāi)大學(xué)865專業(yè)英語(yǔ)2009年考研專業(yè)課真題及答案，并且可以提供南開(kāi)大學(xué)考研專業(yè)課輔導(dǎo)，希望更多考生能夠在專業(yè)課上贏得高分，升入理想的院校。南開(kāi)大學(xué)865專業(yè)英語(yǔ)2009年碩士研究生入學(xué)考試試題南開(kāi)大學(xué)2009年碩士研究生入學(xué)考試試題學(xué)院：100 外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院考試科目：865專業(yè)英語(yǔ)專業(yè)：英語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)文學(xué)注意：請(qǐng)將所有答案寫(xiě)在專用答題紙上，答在此試題上無(wú)效！Linguistics (共50分). Define the following terms and explain with exa

2、mples where necessary. (共10分，每小題2分)linguistic determinismassimilationallophoneanaphoramorphophonemics. Specify the difference between each pair of sounds using distinctive features. (共10分，每小題2分)1 l 2 php-3. lr4. td5. iu. Draw a tree diagram for each of the sentences below. (共10分，每小題5分)I read a revie

3、w of the new book by Chomsky.He said that he would finish the book on Sunday. Answer the following questions. (共20分，每小題5分)What is the difference between modern linguistics and traditional grammar?How is the description of consonants different from vowels?To what extent can we say the constituent ana

4、lysis is more informative than traditional linear structure analysis? Explain with examples.What is the Cooperative Principle? What would happen if one violates the CP and its maxims?二 Literature (共50分). Define briefly the following terms. （共20分，每小題4分）Metaphysical poetryDenotation and connotationEzr

5、a Pound and The CantosBritish neoclassicismImagism. Reading and Interpreting.（共30分，每小題3分）Section 1Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following passage of The Canterbury Tales.From The Canterbury Tales Speaking of his equipment, he (the knight) possessedFine horses, but he was not gaily dressed.He wor

6、e a fustian tunic stained and darkWith smudges where his armour had left markWhat does the fact that the knight owns fine horses indicate?What does the clothes he wears indicate?What does Geoffrey Chaucer want to show through these details?Section 2Question 4 is based on the following passage of The

7、 Canterbury Tales.From The Canterbury TalesNo morsel from her lips did she (the nun) let fall,Nor dipped her fingers in the sauce too deepAnd she would wipe her upper lip so cleanThat not a trace of grease was to be seenUpon the cup when she had drunk.What does the narrator think of the nun? Why do

8、you think so?Section 3Questions 5 to 10 are based on the following passage.The stars awaken a certain reverence, because though always present, they are inaccessible; but all natural objects make a kindred impression when the mind is open to their influence. Nature never wears a mean appearance. Nei

9、ther does the wisest man extort her secret nor lose his curiosity by finding out all her perfection. Nature never became a toy to a wise spirit. The flowers, the animals, the mountains, reflected the wisdom of his best hour, as much as they had delighted the simplicity of his childhood.When we speak

10、 of nature in this manner, we have a distinct but most poetical sense in the mind. We mean the integrity of impression made by manifold natural objects. It is this which distinguishes the stick of timber of the wood-cutter from the tree of the poet. The charming landscape which I saw this morning is

11、 indubitably made up of some twenty or thirty farms. Miller owns this field, Locke that, and Manning the woodland beyond. But none of them owns the landscape. There is a property in the horizon which no man ha but he whose eye can integrate all the parts, that is, the poet. This is the best part of

12、these mens farms, yet to this their warranty-deeds give no title.Yet it is certain that the power to produce this delight, does not reside in nature, but in man, or in a harmony of both. It is necessary to use these pleasures with great temperance. For, nature is not always tricked in holiday attire

13、, but the same scene which yesterday breathed perfume and glittered as for the frolic of the nymphs is overspread with melancholy today. Nature always wears the colors of the spirit. To a man laboring under calamity, the heat of his own fire has sadness in it. Then there is a kind of contempt of the

14、 landscape felt by him who has just lost by death a dear friend. The sky is less grand as it shuts down over less worth in the population.According to paragraph 1, why does the author believe the star awaken a reverence in people?What does the sentence “Nature never became a toy to the wise spirit”

15、mean?What does the author simple when he talks about the difference between farms and landscapes?What do you think is the difference between the meaning the author or a poet finds in nature and the meaning a woodcutter, a botanist, a geographer or an engineer finds in nature?Where does the author be

16、lieve the power to produce a delight in nature comes from, according paragraph 3? What does the phrase “the color of the spirit” (line 5 in paragraph 3) mean?三Translation (共50分). 英譯漢：Translate the following passage into Chinese. (共15分)After years of proclaiming that is understood international polit

17、ics better than its predecessors, the Bush administration is now trying to undo the damage its first seven years have wroughttrying, in effect, to take U.S. foreign policy back to where is was before President Bush was sworn in. But the world is a very different place today, and much less advantageo

18、us to the United States. Square one, administration official are finding, is no longer really square one.In 2001, the administration declared a revolution in the practice and substance of U.S. foreign policy. It ridiculed liberal internationalist ideals of multilateral cooperation. It opposed using

19、U.S. military power dressed up as “nationbuilding.” It wrote off global warming as Al Gores obsession, and it said it wouldnt get bogged down, as its predecessors had, in Israeli Palestinian peacemaking. 漢譯英：Translate the following passage into English.(共15分)東方文明的最大特色是知足。西洋近代文明的最大特色是不知足。知足的東方人自安于簡(jiǎn)陋的

20、生活，故不求物質(zhì)享受的提高；自安于愚昧，自安于“不識(shí)不知”，故不注意真理的發(fā)現(xiàn)與技藝器械的發(fā)明；自安于現(xiàn)成的環(huán)境與命運(yùn)，故不想征服自然。西方人大不然。他們說(shuō)“不知足是神圣的”。物質(zhì)上的不知足產(chǎn)生了今日鋼鐵世界，汽機(jī)世界，電力世界。理智上的不知足產(chǎn)生了今日的科學(xué)世界。社會(huì)政治制度上的不知足產(chǎn)生了今日的民權(quán)世界。神圣的不知足是一切革新一切進(jìn)化的動(dòng)力。. 翻譯理論（共20分）Section 1 :名稱解釋（共10分，每小題5分）（In English only）Foreignizing translationLiteral translationSection 2: 論述題（共10分，每小題5分）（

21、In Chinese only）請(qǐng)?jiān)谝韵骂}中任選兩題，論述他們的代表譯作及代表性譯論。1、玄奘 2、嚴(yán)復(fù) 3、林語(yǔ)堂 4、郭沫若2009年參考答案南開(kāi)大學(xué)2009專業(yè)英語(yǔ)答案學(xué)院：100 外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院考試科目：854 專業(yè)英語(yǔ)專業(yè)：英語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)文學(xué)注意：請(qǐng)將所有答案寫(xiě)在專用答題紙上，答在此試題上無(wú)效！Linguistics (共50分)1. linguistic determinismSapir-Whorf hypothesis suggests that our language will mound our view of the world. The hypothesis has two im

22、portant points, one is linguistic determinism, another islinguistic relativity. linguistic determinism means that language may determine our thinking patterns2. assimilationSapir-Whorf hypothesis Assimilation refers to a linguistic process by which a sound becomes similar to an adjacent sound.3. all

23、ophoneAn allophone is a phonetic variant of a phoneme in a particular language. For example, p and ph are allophones of the phoneme /p/. 4. anaphoraAnaphora refers to a rhetorical figure of repetition in which the same word or phrase is repeated in (and usually at the beginning of) successive lines,

24、 clauses, or sentences.5. morphphonemicsPhoneme is the smallest meaningful unit of sound and morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit in grammar; then there is any correspondence between the two levels of language, the “joint venture” of the two levels is morphophonemics.lr: l is lateral, r is not l

25、ateralph, p: ph is aspirated, p is unaspirated. t, d : t is voiceless, d is voiced. i, u: i is front, unrounded, u is rounded, back.1. Modern linguistics regards the spoken language as primary, not the written. Traditional grammarians, on the other hand, tended to emphasize, maybe over-emphasize, th

26、e importance of the written word, partly because of its permanence. Then, modern linguistics differs from traditional grammar also in that it does not force languages into a Latin-based framework.For a long time on the European continent it was unquestionably assumed that Latin provides a universal

27、framework into which all languages fit. As a result, other languages were forced to fit into Latin patterns and categories, especially its case system and tense divisions of past, present and future.To modern linguists, it is unthinkable to judge one language by standards of another. They are oppose

28、d to the notion that any one language can provide an adequate framework for all the others.They are trying to set up a universal framework, but that will be based on the features shared by most of the languages used by mankind.2. Consonants are produced “by a closure in the vocal tract, or by a narr

29、owing which is so marked that air cannot escape without producing audible friction”. While a vowel is produced without such “stricture” so that “air escape in a relatively unimpeded way through the mouth or nose”.3. As for the constituent analysis, the constituents themselves can be constructions of

30、 specific types, for instance, the nominal phrase “the boy” can be further analysed into “The (Determiner)+ boy (Noun)”. Thus, “The boy” is the construction of a nominal phrase, whereas “The” and “boy” are is construction. This structure is more informative.4. Cooperative Principle The Cooperative P

31、rinciple is proposed by Herbert Paul Grice to explain the course of natural conversation, in which implicated messages are frequently involved. His idea is that in making a conversation, the participants must first of all be willing to cooperate, otherwise, it would not be possible for them to carry

32、 on the talk. This general principle is called the Cooperative Principle. It goes as follow: Make your conversational contribution such as is required, at the stage at which it occurs, by the accepted purpose or direction of the talk exchange in which you are engaged. More specifically, there are fo

33、ur maxims under this general principle: the maxim of quantity, the maxim of quality, the maxim of relation and the maxim of manner. If one violates the CP, conversational implicature appears.二 Literature (共50分). Define briefly the following terms. （共20分，每小題4分） 1. Metaphysical poetryMetaphysical poet

34、ry is commonly used to name the work of the 17th century writers who wrote under the influence of John Donne.2) with a rebellious spirit, the Metaphysical poets tried to break away from the conventional fashion of the Elizabethan love poetry.3)the diction is simple as compared with that of the Eliza

35、bethan or the Neoclassical periods, and echoes the words and cadences of common speech.4)the imagery is drawn from actual life. 2. Denotation and connotationDenotation refers to the literal meaning of a word, the dictionary definition. For example, if you look up the word snake in a dictionary, you

36、will discover that one of its denotative meanings is any of numerous scaly, legless, sometimes venomous reptilesKhaving a long, tapering, cylindrical body and found in most tropical and temperate regions.Connotation, on the other hand, refers to the associations that are connected to a certain word

37、or the emotional suggestions related to that word. The connotative meaning of a word exist together with the denotative meaning. The connotations for the word snake could include evil or danger. 3. Ezra Pound and The CantosEzra Pound is generally considered the poet most responsible for defining and

38、 promoting a modernist aesthetic in poetry. His own significant contributions to poetry begin with his promulgation of Imagism, a movement in poetry which derived its technique from classical Chinese and Japanese poetrystressing clarity, precision, and economy of language and foregoing traditional r

39、hyme and meter in order to, in Pounds words, compose in the sequence of the musical phrase, not in the sequence of the metronome. His later work, for nearly fifty years, focused on the encyclopedic epic poem he entitled The Cantos.The Cantos by Ezra Pound is a long, incomplete poem in 120 sections,

40、each of which is a canto. Most of it was written between 1915 and 1962, although much of the early work was abandoned and the early cantos, as finally published, date from 1922 onward. It is a book-length work, widely considered to present formidable difficulties to the reader. The Cantos are genera

41、lly considered one of the most significant works of modernist poetry in the 20th century. As in Pounds prose writing, the themes of economics, governance and culture are integral to the works content.4. British neoclassicismIn the field of literature, the enlightenment movement brought about a reviv

42、al of interest in the old classical works.this tendency is known as neoclassicism. The Neoclassicists held that forms of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek and Roman writers such as Homer and Virgil and those of the contemporary French ones.They believed tha

43、t the artistic ideals should be order, logic, restrained emotion and accuracy, and that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity. 5. Imagism1) Imagism came into being in Britain and U.S around 1910 as a reaction to the traditional English poetry to express the sense of fragmen

44、tation and dislocation.2)the imagists, with Ezra Pound leading the way, hold that the most effective means to express these momentary impressions is through the use of one dominant image.3)imagism is characterized by the following three poetic principles:A.direct treatment of subject matter;B.econom

45、y of expression;C. as regards rhythm ,to compose in the sequence of the musical phrase, not in the sequence of metronome. 4) pounds In a Station of the Metro is a well-known imagist poem. Reading and Interpreting.（共30分，每小題3分）Section 1Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following passage of The Canterb

46、ury Tales. 1. What does the fact that the knight owns fine horses indicate?Answer：It indicate that the knight has remarkable merits, he is an outstanding Knight who deserve a fine horse. 2. What does the clothes he wears indicate?Answer： It indicate that the knight is simplicity and genial. Although

47、 he has high social status he is still being gentle and kind toward others. 3. What does Geoffrey Chaucer want to show through these details?Answer：He wants to show that the knight is respectable. Although he has high social status he is still being gentle and kind toward others.Section 2Question 4

48、is based on the following passage of The Canterbury Tales. 4. What does the narrator think of the nun? Why do you think so?Answer：The nun is well behaved and she tries to pursuit the upper social etiquette. (then express some of your own opinions)Section 3Questions 5 to 10 are based on the following

49、 passage. 5. According to paragraph 1, why does the author believe the star awaken a reverence in people?Answer : Because though always present, they are inaccessible; but all natural objects make a kindred impression when the mind is open to their influence. 6. What does the sentence “Nature never

50、became a toy to the wise spirit” mean?Answer: 1,Nature will always conquer even the most learned person. 2,A truly wise person does not lose his appreciation of nature 7. What does the author simple when he talks about the difference between farms and landscapes?Answer: The author implies that the d

51、ifference between farms and the landscape is primarily a matter of perception 8. What do you think is the difference between the meaning the author or a poet finds in nature and the meaning a woodcutter, a botanist, a geographer or an engineer finds in nature?Answer:The meaning the author finds in n

52、ature focus on the nature and oversoul, and the union of oversoul and nature is important. Nature is the instrument that oversoul talk to human spirit. And the meaning a woodcutter, a botanist, a geographer or an engineer finds in nature is only the usefulness of nature, and they regards nature as a

53、n objective fact. 9. Where does the author believe the power to produce a delight in nature comes from, according paragraph 3?Answer:The author believe the power to produce a delight in nature comes from not reside in nature, but in man, or in a harmony of both. That means the power to produce a del

54、ight in nature need both nature and human spirit. 10. What does the phrase “the color of the spirit” (line 5 in paragraph 3) mean?Answer:The nature can reflect ones spirit since one can feel nature through his oversoul.三Translation (共50分). 英譯漢：Translate the following passage into Chinese. (共15分)經(jīng)過(guò)多年

55、宣稱其能比之前更好地理解國(guó)際政治，布什政府正試圖撤消它頭7年造成的損害，實(shí)際上，美國(guó)的外交政策回到總統(tǒng)布什宣誓就職之前。但當(dāng)今世界已經(jīng)大為不同，更談不上對(duì)美國(guó)有利。一號(hào)廣場(chǎng)，政府官員如今發(fā)現(xiàn)已經(jīng)不再是真正的一號(hào)廣場(chǎng)。2001年，行政機(jī)構(gòu)宣布在美國(guó)外交政策的實(shí)踐和主旨的一次革命。它嘲笑自由主義的國(guó)際主義理想的多邊合作。它反對(duì)使用美國(guó)軍事力量打扮為“國(guó)家建設(shè)?！背蜂N阿爾戈?duì)柸蜃兣陌V迷，它表示不會(huì)陷入困境，因?yàn)樗那拜呍谝陨械陌屠账固谷诉M(jìn)行調(diào)解。. 漢譯英：Translate the following passage into English.(共15分)略. 翻譯理論（共20分）Secti

56、on 1 :名稱解釋（共10分，每小題5分）（In English only） 1. Foreignizing translationForeignization translation means a target text is produced which deliberately breaks target conventions by retaining something of the foreignness of the original 2. Literal translationLiteral translation, or direct translation, is the render