高中狀語從句講解PPT學(xué)習(xí)教案

1、會(huì)計(jì)學(xué)1高中狀語從句講解高中狀語從句講解N.Adj.Adv.第1頁/共60頁 狀語時(shí)用來修飾 詞, 詞, 詞或 的一種句子成分.它可以表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、比較、方式等。其中,副詞,介詞,介詞短語,分詞(短語),名詞,不定式,句子都可充當(dāng)狀語。 當(dāng)充當(dāng)狀語的部分是一個(gè)句子時(shí)，也就是狀語從句。分類如下：動(dòng)形容副句子第2頁/共60頁狀語從句1. 時(shí)間狀語從句2. 地點(diǎn)狀語從句3. 原因狀語從句4. 條件狀語從句5. 讓步狀語從句6. 目的狀語從句7. 結(jié)果狀語從句8. 方式狀語從句9. 比較狀語從句第3頁/共60頁一 狀語從句高考的考查特點(diǎn)1. 試題的設(shè)問呈現(xiàn)出交叉和綜合的

2、特點(diǎn)(不同性質(zhì)的連詞; 定語從句和名詞性從句的干擾)2. 題干句的情景化增強(qiáng),句意理解難度提高Go back where you lived._Go back to the village where you lived._where前有定語從句的先行詞狀語從句定語從句第4頁/共60頁二 能力要求：1.了解狀語從句的分類情況及各種狀語 從句中經(jīng)常使用的連詞2.能夠在真實(shí)的語境中判定從句與主句 的邏輯關(guān)系,從而能夠使用恰當(dāng)?shù)倪B 詞完成交際. 3.能夠辨別同類狀語從句中近似連詞的 用法區(qū)別.第5頁/共60頁常見考點(diǎn)： 考點(diǎn)一、主句與從句的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)問題； 考點(diǎn)二、連接詞的選擇（注意區(qū)別幾組連接詞：w

3、hile / as / when引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句；because / since / as / for引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句；if / unless引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句；sothat / suchthat引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句等）； 考點(diǎn)三、狀語從句與非謂語動(dòng)詞之間的替換； 考點(diǎn)四、狀語從句的倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)（hardly / scarcelywhen；no soonerthan等） 第6頁/共60頁時(shí)間狀語從句引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句的從屬連詞1.基本類：before、after、when、while、as、since、till、until、once, as soon as, etc.2. 名詞類（由名詞詞組充當(dāng)引導(dǎo)詞）：

4、the moment ,the minute, the second, the instant,etc. (一就); every time, each time, the last time, the first time, etc.第7頁/共60頁3. 副詞類（由副詞充當(dāng)引導(dǎo)詞）：immediately, directly, instantly, etc. (一.就.)4.句型類：no soonerthan, hardly/scarcely when, etc. (一就)e.g. I will give you an answer immediately I finish my work.e

5、.g .Scarcely had he gone when she appeared.用于句首時(shí)應(yīng)引起部分倒裝, 且前部分一般用過去完成時(shí)第8頁/共60頁 as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句, 可以表達(dá)“正當(dāng)”， “一 邊一邊”，“隨著”等意思。1. 表示某事一發(fā)生，另一事立即發(fā)生。 As the sun rose, the fog disappeared. 2. 表示在某事發(fā)生的過程中，另一事發(fā)生。 Just as he was speaking there was a loud explosion. 3. 表示兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。(一邊一邊) Helen sang a song as she washe

6、d. 4. 表示“隨著.”.常指一個(gè)行為是另一個(gè)行為的結(jié)果，或一種狀態(tài)隨另一種狀態(tài)變化。句中的動(dòng)詞多表示狀態(tài)的發(fā)展變化。As she grew older, she became more beautiful. 1. as, while , when的區(qū)別第9頁/共60頁while:持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞 進(jìn)行時(shí)一般或現(xiàn)在情況將來情況V一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去情況e.g. I like listening to music while I am doing my homework.e.g. Im going to the post office. - While you are there, can y

7、ou get some stamps for me?e.g. I hurt my shoulder while I was doing gym.while常表示一段較長的時(shí)間或一個(gè)過程，強(qiáng)調(diào)主句的動(dòng)詞和從句的動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)是同時(shí)發(fā)生的，它引導(dǎo)的從句用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，若從句中是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，則不用while. 側(cè)重于主從兩個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的對(duì)比。p207第10頁/共60頁whenalthough as long asWhile 在句中的不同含義:however第11頁/共60頁 while用法的歸納.作并列連詞,意為“然而,卻”,表對(duì)比(=however)He likes football wh

8、ile his brother likes basketball.2. 引導(dǎo)時(shí)狀從句(=when) While he was doing his homework, his mother came in.引讓狀從句,表“雖然,盡管”,置于句首(=although)While I admit his good points, I can see his shortcomings.引導(dǎo)條狀從句,表“只要”(=as long as)Ill do everything for you while you are happy.第12頁/共60頁when: 持續(xù)性非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞都可當(dāng)時(shí)就在那時(shí)，正在這時(shí)=a

9、nd at this /that timee.g. When I first saw her, I fell in love with her. -When did you get home? -It was eight oclock when I got home. 1) They were walking down the street when they saw an accident. (A=B)2) I was about to go swimming when our guide stopped me. (AB)3）I had just finished my work when

10、he came back. (AB)第13頁/共60頁盡管雖然鑒于如果屆時(shí)1.He walks when he might take a taxi.2. The Queen will visit the town in May, when she will open the new hospital.3. How can you hope for mercy yourself when you show none?4.How could I live in Los Angeles when all my favorite people live here?雖然屆時(shí)如果鑒于, 既然 when 還

11、有一些較為靈活的翻譯:第14頁/共60頁1 When he _ (come) back, please tell him to meet me at my es2 I will tell him when she _back.3 I would tell him when she _escame4 -When _ you come to see me,Dad?-I will go to see you when you _ the training coursing.A.do; will have finished B.will; will finish C.do; are finishing

12、 D. will; finish時(shí)間狀語從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí),用一般過去時(shí)代替過去將來時(shí)第15頁/共60頁He fell asleep _ he was reading.I kept silent _ he was writing.She sang _ she went along.It was raining hard _ we arrived.I thought of it just _you opened your mouth.Things are getting better and better _ time goes on.Its cold _ it snows.I w

13、ill go home _ he comes back.We were about to start _ it began to rain.He likes coffee, _ she likes tea._ a boy, he lived in Japan._ reading, he fell asleep._ in trouble, ask her for help.when/while/aswhileaswhen/aswhen/asaswhenwhenwhenwhileAs/WhenWhen/WhileWhen/While主句表示的是一個(gè)短暫性動(dòng)作，從句表示的是一個(gè)持續(xù)性動(dòng)作主、從句表示

14、兩個(gè)同時(shí)進(jìn)行的持續(xù)性動(dòng)作，且強(qiáng)調(diào)主句表示的動(dòng)作延續(xù)到從句所指的整個(gè)時(shí)間同時(shí)進(jìn)行, “一邊一邊”主句-持續(xù)性動(dòng)作, 從句-短暫性動(dòng)作主從句-幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生的短暫性動(dòng)作正在發(fā)展變化的情況, “隨著”“每當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)候”(暗示一種規(guī)律性)有先后順序表示“這時(shí)(突然)”“而”、“卻”(表示對(duì)比)as / when +名詞，構(gòu)成省略句,while無此用法 when / while +現(xiàn)在分詞/介詞短語/形容詞等構(gòu)成省略句，但 as 一般不這樣用第16頁/共60頁before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句 before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，常譯為“在之前”，表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的動(dòng)作之前。 1. We clean the

15、classroom before we leave school every day. 2. It will not be long before you regret for what youve done.不久你就會(huì)為你的所作所為后悔的。 after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句 after引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，常譯為“在之后”，表示主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句的動(dòng)作之后。 After you use plastic bags, you mustnt throw them about.用過了塑料袋之后，不準(zhǔn)到處亂扔。 第17頁/共60頁連接詞before的小結(jié)：1. We had sailed four day

16、s and four nights before we saw land.2 We hadnt run a mile before he felt tired.3 Please write it down before you forget it.4Before I could get in a word, he walked away. “才” “不到.就” “趁” “還沒來得及” 從句中常含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/could1）句型It will be/was段時(shí)間before“還要過/過了 多久才” 如：It will be two years before he leaves the cou

17、ntry. It was two years before he left the country 2）句型It will not be/was not一段時(shí)間before“不多久就”如： It wasnt two years before he left the country. 第18頁/共60頁since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句 since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，常譯為“自從”，主句常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句常用一般過去時(shí)。 例句翻譯：我們自從分手以后一直沒見過面。We havent seen each other since we parted/broke up.常用句型：It has been (i

18、s) + 時(shí)間段 + since從句 “自從有多長時(shí)間了 ”例句翻譯：自從她大學(xué)畢業(yè)已經(jīng)有六年時(shí)間了。It has been (is) six years since she graduated from the university. 第19頁/共60頁since的用法：since表從過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作、事情起到目前為止，“自.以 來”引導(dǎo)狀語從句時(shí)，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)，從句中用一般過去時(shí)。Ive been living here since I came to Beijing.I have written home four times since I came here.

19、常用句型： it is (has been).+ since +一般過去時(shí)It is/has been five years since I began to learn English.第20頁/共60頁I began to smokeI smoked(gave up smoking 自從我戒煙以來).(自從我開始抽煙以來).第21頁/共60頁It is 5 years sinceI have never seen himsincehe joined the army.he was a soldier.he fell ill.he was ill.生病以來.病愈以來. 翻譯：It has b

20、een 5 years since he lived here退伍以來.他離開這已經(jīng)有五年時(shí)間了。第22頁/共60頁until/ till引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句 until / till 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，常譯為“直到時(shí)”，表示主句動(dòng)作發(fā)生在從句之前。 當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主句常用肯定形式。例句：我會(huì)待在這里，直到你回來。Ill stay here until you come back. 當(dāng)主句謂語動(dòng)詞是非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞時(shí), 主句常用否定形式。 not until“直到才”，這時(shí)until 可用before替換。He didnt go to bed until he finished h

21、is homework. 例句：他直到做完作業(yè)才睡覺。第23頁/共60頁not.until的倒裝句和強(qiáng)調(diào)句。He didnt stop until he had finished all his work .倒裝句: Not until he had finished all his work did he stop.強(qiáng)調(diào)句: It was not until he had finished all his work that he stopped.強(qiáng)調(diào)句句式為：It was/is not until that第24頁/共60頁as soon as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句 as soon as 引導(dǎo)

22、的時(shí)間狀語從句，譯為“一就”，表示從句動(dòng)作一發(fā)生，主句的動(dòng)作馬上就發(fā)生。 例句：他一回來我就告訴他這件事。I will tell him about it as soon as he comes back. 相當(dāng)于as soon as 用法的詞或短語還有：immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant等.Ill give him your message the minute he arrives. Directly I had done it, I knew I had made a mistake.

23、 第25頁/共60頁名詞短語引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句 the moment, the minute, the instant, the time, the hour, the day, by the time, each time, every time, next time, any time等也可以引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。I thought her nice and honest the first time I saw her. By the time you arrived, the lecture had already ended. By the time he comes, we will

24、already have left.第26頁/共60頁By the time的用法這個(gè)詞組常用來指到某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)為止，主句常用完成時(shí)態(tài)。By the time he was 12, _ to more than 30 countries to get his diseases cured.到12歲時(shí)，他已去過30多個(gè)國家治療疾病。By the time I graduate next year, I _ here for 5 years.到明年畢業(yè)時(shí)，我將在這里待了5年了。By the time he went abroad, _. = when出國那年，他14歲。he had traveled

25、 I will have lived he was fourteen.第27頁/共60頁every time,each time,next time,the first time,any time 等名詞短語引導(dǎo)狀語從句不加介詞?？键c(diǎn):名詞短語引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句第28頁/共60頁其他連詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句 no sooner than, hardly/ scarcely/ barelywhen引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句,從句用一般過去時(shí)，主句用過去完成時(shí)。當(dāng)no sooner, hardly/ scarcely/ barely位于句首時(shí)，主句要用部分倒裝。（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞/助動(dòng)詞提至主語前）I had

26、 no sooner begun to talk than he rang off. No sooner had I begun to talk than he rang off. 我還未來得及講話，他就掛斷了電話。第29頁/共60頁1. I was so familiar with him that I recognized his voice _ I picked up the phone. A. while B. after C. in case D. the minute2. How long do you think it will take _ our product become

27、s popular with the consumers A. when B. until C. before D. since3. _ the day went on, the weather got worse. A. With B. since C. As D. While4. He was halfway through his meal _ a familiar voice came to his ears. A. why B. where C. when D. while第30頁/共60頁地點(diǎn)狀語從句用連接副詞 where或wherever (在任何地方) 引導(dǎo)（可理解為特指與泛指

28、）e.g. a. Just stay where you are. b. Where there is a will, there is a way. c. You can sit wherever you like. d. Wherever you go, Ill be right here waiting for you.1. When he reads a book, his habit is to make a mark _ the meaning is unclear to him. A. there B. wherever C. the place D. in which第31頁/

29、共60頁 There are plenty of trees_. 我住的地方樹很多。_I will be thinking of you. 不管我在哪里我都會(huì)想到你。_, I will be right here waiting for you!不管你去哪里，不管你做什么，我都會(huì)在這等著你！ where I liveWherever I amWherever you go, whatever you do第32頁/共60頁Bamboo grows well where it is warm and wet.You may go wherever you like. 有時(shí)，- where構(gòu)成的復(fù)

30、合詞也可以引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句，如： Everywhere they went, they were kindly received / warmly welcomed. Well go anywhere the Party directs us. 第33頁/共60頁我要去他去的地方.他去哪我就去哪.第34頁/共60頁第35頁/共60頁原因狀語從句表示主句中的某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)所發(fā)生的原因。引導(dǎo)這種從句 常用的連接詞是：because, as, since, now that, for,和considering that, seeing that 這七個(gè)連詞都用于表示表示原因, 但在語氣上一個(gè)比一個(gè)弱

31、。e.g. He didnt come to school because he was ill.c.f. He might be ill, for he didnt come to school.表示“直接”原因。表示“間接的推斷”原因.不可出現(xiàn)在句首。第36頁/共60頁Now that ,seeing that, when.第37頁/共60頁because, since, as, for的區(qū)別:because直接原因，非推斷語氣最強(qiáng) 回答why的問題。since 通常放句首譯為“既然”as 不談自明的原因，語氣最弱。for 放句中，引導(dǎo)后半句表原因, 或補(bǔ)充推斷 的理由。第38頁/共60頁

32、1. I danced in front of the people _ I liked it.2. Youd better wear strong shoes _ well do a lot of walking.3. _ he was not well, I decided to go without him.4. _ everybody know about it, I dont want to talk any more.5. He must be ill, _ he is absent Today.6. Some people believe that _ oil is runnin

33、g out, the fate of the motor industry is uncertain.becauseasAsSinceforsince第39頁/共60頁1. 在強(qiáng)調(diào)句中強(qiáng)調(diào)原因狀語從句，只能用because引導(dǎo)，不可用as或since. 2. because可以引導(dǎo)表語從句,而as, since不可以，這時(shí)主語一般都是it, this, that It was _ he was ill that he didnt go with us. Its_ he is too lazy.3. since表示“既然”，只能放主句前._ we have no money, we cant b

34、uy that vase.because用because, as, since 填空becauseSince第40頁/共60頁 條件狀語從句表示主句中的某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)是在什么情況或條件下發(fā)生的。條件狀語從句中通常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來。條件狀語從句由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)：if, unless (除非), as / so long as (只要), on condition (只要), once ( 一旦), in case (假使) , providing / provided (that) 等。e.g. a.Well come over to see you on Saturday if we hav

35、e time.b. We should serve the people as / so long as we live.第41頁/共60頁1. We will be able to get there on time, _ our car doesnt break down on the road.A. as soon as B. as far asC. as long as D. as well as2. In time of serious accidents, _ we know some basic things about first aid, we can save lives.

36、A. whether B. untilC. if D. unless3. _ you have tried it, you cant imagine how pleasant it is. A. Unless B. Because C. Although D. When第42頁/共60頁 _ you touch an English person, you should say “sorry”. _ they are dirty, certain seas are not able to clean themselves. _ we dont lose heart, well find a w

37、ay to overcome the difficulty. You can be allowed to play the game _you finish your homework first. Dont touch anything _ your teacher tells you to. IfOnceAs long ason condition thatunless第43頁/共60頁 在復(fù)合句中表示讓步概念的狀語從句被稱為讓步狀語從句。常用引導(dǎo)詞：though, although, even if, even though,no matter + 疑問詞(what/ who/ wher

38、e/ when/ which/ how)疑問詞-ever(whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever)特殊引導(dǎo)詞： as (用在讓步狀語從句中必須要倒裝)， while ( 一般用在句首 )， whether or , whether () or not第44頁/共60頁though, although 判斷以下句子是否正確：Although he is rich, but he is not happy. Although he is rich, yet he is not happy. Although we have

39、 grown up, our parents still treat us as children. 要點(diǎn)歸納：though, although當(dāng)“雖然”講, 都不能和 but 連用. 但是他們都可以同yet (still) 連用. ever if, even thougheven if 和 even though 表示“ ” 即使Well make a trip even though the weather is bad. 第45頁/共60頁as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句 as 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句，必須將從句中的 、 、以及謂語中的 提前至從句句首，作表語的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前如有冠詞，冠詞需 。 表語狀

40、語實(shí)意動(dòng)詞省略Though he works hard, he makes little progress. Hard as/though he works, he makes little progress. Though he was a child, he knew what was the right thing to do.Child as/though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. Though you may object, Ill go.Object as you may, Ill go. 第46頁/共60頁wh

41、ether or , whether () or notwhether or , whether or not 表示“不論是否”，“不管是還是”。其引導(dǎo)的從句旨在說明正反兩方面的可能性都不會(huì)影響主句的意向或結(jié)果。Whether you believe it or not, it is true. Youll have to attend the party whether you are free or busy. while 也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，意為“盡管”，語氣比though/ although弱。其引導(dǎo)的從句一般位于 。句首例句：我盡管喜歡它的顏色，但不喜歡它的形狀。While I

42、like its color, I dont like its shape. 第47頁/共60頁no matter + 疑問詞 疑問詞-everNo matter what happened, he would not mind. Whatever happened, he would not mind. 替換：no matter what = whatever no matter who = whoever no matter when = whenever no matter where = wherever no matter which = whichever no matter ho

43、w = however 判斷正誤：No matter what you say is of no use now. Whatever you say is of no use now. 歸納：no matter+疑問詞不能引導(dǎo)主語從句和賓語從句，而 “疑問詞+ever”則可以 第48頁/共60頁 A. does it cost B. costs it C. will it cost D. it costs第49頁/共60頁 D. He wanted the job badly第50頁/共60頁引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的連詞:in order that 用于正式文體中，所引從句可于主句前或后。so thata. 較常用，一般用于主句后,有時(shí)可分開，so 有時(shí)可省; 從句中要有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞, 否則, 就成為下一種句型：b. 無情態(tài)動(dòng)詞則引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。fo