直接引語變間接引語

1、高一必修高一必修1 語法點語法點1 直接引語與間接引語直接引語與間接引語My name is Donald Duck What s your name?He asked what my name was.He said that his name was Donald Duck 看變化：代詞和狀語的變化 人稱代詞變化 指示代詞變化 （時間、地點等）狀語變化時態(tài)的變化 主句的謂語動詞是現(xiàn)在時態(tài) 主句的謂語動詞是過去時態(tài) 時態(tài)不變語序的變化 當(dāng)直接引語是陳述句時 當(dāng)直接引語是特殊疑問句時 當(dāng)直接引語是感嘆句時 當(dāng)直接引語是祈使句或表命令時 當(dāng)直接引語是一般疑問句， 反義疑問句或否定疑問句時引導(dǎo)動詞

2、的變化saidtoldsaidtold/asked /asked 一、如何變?nèi)朔Q：一、如何變?nèi)朔Q： 口訣：一隨主。二隨賓，第三不變?？谠E：一隨主。二隨賓，第三不變。 “一隨主一隨主”是指在直接引語變間接引語時，如果從是指在直接引語變間接引語時，如果從句中的主語是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾。從句中的主語是第一人稱或被第一人稱所修飾。從句中的人稱要按照主句中主語的人稱變化如：句中的人稱要按照主句中主語的人稱變化如： She said. My brother wants to go shopping with me. ” She said her brother wanted to go shopp

3、ing with her.“二隨賓二隨賓”是指直接引語變間接引語時是指直接引語變間接引語時，若從句中的主語及賓語是第二人稱或，若從句中的主語及賓語是第二人稱或被第二人你所修飾。從句中的人稱要跟被第二人你所修飾。從句中的人稱要跟引號外的主句的賓語一致。如果引號外引號外的主句的賓語一致。如果引號外的主句沒有賓語。也可以用第一人稱，的主句沒有賓語。也可以用第一人稱，如：如： HesaidtoKate.Howisyoursisternow?”HeaskedKatehowhersisterwasthen。 “第三人稱不更新第三人稱不更新”是指直接引語變間是指直接引語變間接引語時。如果從句中的主語及賓語是

4、接引語時。如果從句中的主語及賓語是第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾從句中的第三人稱或被第三人稱所修飾從句中的人稱一般不需要變化如：人稱一般不需要變化如： Mr. Smith said, “Jack is a good boy.”Mr. Smith said Jack was a good boy.二、如何變時態(tài)：二、如何變時態(tài)：直接引語在改為間接引語時、時態(tài)需要做相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。直接引語在改為間接引語時、時態(tài)需要做相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成進行時現(xiàn)在完成進行時一般過去時一般過去時過去進行時過去進行時過去完成時過去完成時一般將來時一般將來時一般過去時一

5、般過去時過去進行時過去進行時過去完成時過去完成時過去完成進行時過去完成進行時過去完成時過去完成時過去完成進行時過去完成進行時過去完成時過去完成時過去將來時過去將來時例如：例如：1)一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時一般一般過去時態(tài)過去時態(tài)；She said: “ I am a student. ” She said (that) she was a student.2)一般將來時一般將來時過去將來時過去將來時She said, He will go to see his friend.”She said he would go to see his friend。Tom said, “ I am going

6、 to play basketball tomorrow.” Tom said he was going to play basketball tomorrow.3) 現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在進行時過去進行時過去進行時； She said ,“I am reading a book.”She said she was reading a book.注意：以下幾種情況時態(tài)注意：以下幾種情況時態(tài)不變不變直接引語是直接引語是客觀真理客觀真理。 The teacher said The earth moves around the sun .” The teacher said me the earth mov

7、es around the sun earth.歷史事件。歷史事件。The teacher said ,” World War II ended in 1945.”直接引語是過去進行時，時態(tài)不變。直接引語是過去進行時，時態(tài)不變。 Jack said. “I was doing chores when Tom came to see me”Jack said he was doing chores when Tom came to see him.The teacher said that World War II ended in 1945.”直接引語如果是一般現(xiàn)在時。表示一種直接引語如果是一

8、般現(xiàn)在時。表示一種反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或反復(fù)出現(xiàn)或習(xí)慣性的動作習(xí)慣性的動作，變間接引語，時態(tài)不變。如：，變間接引語，時態(tài)不變。如：Hesaid,“Igetupatsixeverymorning。”如果直接引語中的如果直接引語中的情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞沒有過去時的形式不再沒有過去時的形式不再變變（例：（例：could,should,would,might）Thedoctorsaid,“Youshouldstayinbedfor2days.”ThedoctorsaidIshouldstayinbedfor2days.”He said he gets up at six every morning.三、如何變狀語：三

9、、如何變狀語：直接引語變間接引語，狀語變化有其內(nèi)在規(guī)律，直接引語變間接引語，狀語變化有其內(nèi)在規(guī)律，時間狀語時間狀語由由“現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在”改為改為“原來原來”（例：（例：now變?yōu)樽優(yōu)閠hen,yesterday變?yōu)樽優(yōu)閠hedaybeforetoday變?yōu)樽優(yōu)閠hatdayHesaid,”Iwanttogoswimmingnow.”Hesaidhewantedtogoswimmingthen.地點狀語地點狀語，尤其表示方向性的，尤其表示方向性的，here變變thereTheteachersaid,“Youshouldcomehereat7:00.”TheteachersaidIshouldgothe

10、reat7:00.指示代詞指示代詞修飾的狀語，由修飾的狀語，由“此此”改為改為“彼彼”例：例：this改為改為thatHesaid,Thisbooksismine.“Hesaidthatbookwashis.agobefore; this morningthat morningYesterdaythe day before; tomorrowthe next daynext weekthe following week/the next weekYesterday morningthe morning before謂語動詞的變化謂語動詞的變化:直接引語直接引語:Must ;Come ;brin

11、g間接引語間接引語:had to; go ;takeShe said, I will come here this evening.”She said that she would go there that evening四、如何變句型：四、如何變句型： 直接引語如果是直接引語如果是陳述句陳述句，間接引語應(yīng)改為由，間接引語應(yīng)改為由that引導(dǎo)引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。的賓語從句。Shesaid,Ourbuswillarriveinfiveminutes.“Shesaidthattheirbuswouldarriveinfiveminutes.直接引語如果是直接引語如果是反意疑問句反意疑問句，選擇疑問句

12、或一般疑問句，選擇疑問句或一般疑問句，間接引語應(yīng)改為由間接引語應(yīng)改為由whether或或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句引導(dǎo)的賓語從句.Hesaid,Canyouswim,John?“HeaskedJohnifhecouldswim?！癉oyougotoschoolbybusorbybike?”HeaskedmeifIwenttoschoolbybusorbybike.直接引語如果是直接引語如果是特殊問句特殊問句，間接引語應(yīng)該改為由疑問代詞或疑，間接引語應(yīng)該改為由疑問代詞或疑問副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句（賓語從句必須用陳述句語序）。問副詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句（賓語從句必須用陳述句語序）。Sheaskedme,Whendo

13、theyhavetheirdinner?”Sheaskedmewhentheyhadtheirdinner.Sheaskedme,WhatwasJackdoingwhenIcomein?”SheaskedmewhatJackwasdoingwhenshecamein.直接引語如果是直接引語如果是祈使句祈使句，間接引語應(yīng)改為，間接引語應(yīng)改為“Tell(ask,order,beg等等)sb(not)todosth.”句型句型。如：如：1.Dontmakeanynoise,theteachersaidtothestudents.Shetold(ordered)thestudentsnottomake

14、anynoise.2.“Openthedoor,please,saidshe.Sheaskedhimtoopenthedoor. 1. His father told him that he should be more careful the next time. 2. Mr. Wang told the children that he would leave for Shanghai on business the next month. 3. Mary said that she hadnt heard from her parents those days.4. The geogra

15、phy teacher told us that the moon moves around the earth and the earth goes round the sun. 5. She told him that it was time that he left there. 6. Zhang Hong told me that Doctor Wang passed away in 1948. 7. John told his parents that he had learned 500 Chinese words by the end of last term.8. The hi

16、story teacher told them that the Chinese Communist Party was founded on July 1st, 1921. 9. He asked whether I was a student. 10. She asked George if he had anything interesting she could read. 11. he asked if she was there to ask for help. 12. The father asked his son where was he going. 13. The mot

17、her asked the naughty boy if / whether he was sorry for what he had done. 14. She asked whether Mr. Li met that man at the station two hours before. 15. The teacher asked us to write our names on our papers first. 16. Her friend asked her to go there again the next day. 17. He said that let him pack

18、 the parcel me. 18. The teacher asked the boys and girls not to make so much noise in class. 19. she said what a lovely it was ! / She said that it was s lovely day 20. He wished me a happy New Year. Unit 1詞匯詞匯 survey /s:vei/ n. 調(diào)查；測驗 add up 合計 upset ：pset adj. 心煩意亂的；不安的；不適的 vt. (upset,upset) 使不安；使心

19、煩 ignore /in:/ vt. 不理睬；忽視 calm /k:m/ vt. & vi. （使）平靜；（使）鎮(zhèn)定 adj. 平靜的；鎮(zhèn)靜的；沉著的 calm () down （使）平靜下來；（使）鎮(zhèn)定下來 have got to 不得不；必須 concern /kns:n/ vt. （使）擔(dān)憂；涉及；關(guān)系到 n. 擔(dān)心；關(guān)注；（利害）關(guān)系 be concerned about 關(guān)心；掛念 walk the dog 遛狗 loose /lu:s/ adj. 松的；松開的 vet /vet/ n. 獸醫(yī) go through 經(jīng)歷；經(jīng)受 Netherlands /nelndz/ n. 荷蘭（西

20、歐國家） Jewish /du(:)i/ adj. 猶太人的；猶太族的 German /d:mn/ adj.德國的；德國人的；德語的 n.德國人；德語 Nazi /n:tsi/ n.納粹黨人 adj.納粹黨的 set down 記下；放下；登記 series /siri:z/ n. 連續(xù)；系列 a series of 一連串的；一系列；一套 outdoors /autd:z/ adv. 在戶外；在野外 spellbind /spelbaind/ vt. (spellbound, spellbound) 迷住；迷惑 on purpose 故意 in order to 為了 dusk /dsk/

21、n. 黃昏；傍晚 at dusk 在黃昏時刻 thunder /nd/ vi. 打雷；雷鳴 n. 雷；雷聲 entire /intai/ adj. 整個的；完全的；全部的 entirely /intaili/ adv. 完全地；全然地；整個地 power /pau/ n. 能力；力量；權(quán)力 face to face 面對面地 curtain /k:tn/ n. 窗簾；門簾；幕布 dusty /dsti/ adj. 積滿灰塵的 no longer / not any longer 不再 partner /p:tn/ n. 伙伴；合作者；合伙人 settle /setl/ vi. 安家；定居；停留

22、 vt. 使定居；安排；解決 suffer /sf/ vt. & vi. 遭受；忍受；經(jīng)歷 suffer from 遭受；患病 loneliness /lunlinis/ n. 孤單；寂寞 highway /haiwei/ n. 公路；大路 recover /rikv/ vi. & vt. 痊愈；恢復(fù)；重新獲得 get/be tired of 對厭煩 pack /pk/ vi. & vt. 捆扎；包裝；打行李 n. 小包；包裹 pack (sth) up 將（東西）裝箱打包 suitcase /su:tkeis/ n. 手提箱；衣箱 overcoat /uvkut/ n. 大衣；外套 teen

23、ager /ti:neid/ n. 十幾歲的青少年 get along with 與相處；進展 gossip /sip/ vi. & n. 閑話；閑談 fall in love 相愛；愛上 exactly /izktli/ adv. 確實如此；正是；確切地 disagree /disri:/ vi. 不同意 grateful /reitful/ adj. 感激的；表示謝意的 dislike /dislaik/ n. & vt. 不喜歡；厭惡 join in 參加；加入 tip /tip/ n. 揭示；技巧；尖；尖端；小費 vt. 傾斜；翻倒 secondly /sekndli/ adv. 第二

24、；其次 swap /swp/ vt. 交換 item /aitm/ n. 項目；條款A(yù)nnes Best Friend Do you want a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings and thoughts? Or are you afraid that your friend would laugh at you, or would not understand what you are going through? Anne Frank wanted the first kind, so

25、 she made her diary her best friend. Anne lived in Amsterdam in the Netherlands during World War . Her family was Jewish so nearly twenty-five months before they were discovered. During that time the only true friend was her diary. She said, ”I dont want to set down a series of facts in a diary as m

26、ost people do, but I want this diary itself to be my friend, and I shall call my friend Kitty.” Now read how she felt after being in the hiding place since July 1942. Thursday 15th June, 1944 Dear Kitty,I wonder if its because I havent been able to be outdoors for so long that Ive grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. I can well remember that there was a time when a de