非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞.ppt.Convertor

1、浠水一中2014屆英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)專題四：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞組稿：王佑明 審稿：李國(guó)友 田海燕非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞包括不定式(to do)、動(dòng)名詞(ing)、現(xiàn)在分詞(ing)與過去分詞(ed)。它們不受主語(yǔ)人稱和數(shù)的限制,在句子中不能單獨(dú)充當(dāng)謂語(yǔ),但可以充當(dāng)句子的其他成分,并且有時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的變化。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞以其形式多樣、結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、內(nèi)涵豐富、功能較多而成為高中英語(yǔ)教學(xué)的重點(diǎn)和難點(diǎn)，同時(shí)也是歷屆高考的重點(diǎn)測(cè)試項(xiàng)目。從近幾年湖北省高考英語(yǔ)卷完成句子試題來看，對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的考查立意較低，強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞基本概念、基本結(jié)構(gòu)及其基本功能的考查?？疾閮?nèi)容涉及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的各種時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài)；不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞及過去分詞作狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、

2、定語(yǔ)，以及動(dòng)名詞用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)，還有獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)等。一般來說，重復(fù)考查同一概念的幾率較小，所以復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)要善于分析歸納知識(shí)盲區(qū)，并進(jìn)行針對(duì)性的訓(xùn)練，以提高學(xué)習(xí)的有效性。專題考點(diǎn)聚焦考點(diǎn)一不定式和動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)規(guī)則1：動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)通常表示抽象的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作， 而不定式作主語(yǔ)則表示具體的、某一次的行為。如：Smoking is forbidden in public places.(習(xí)慣性的)It is impossible to go swimming this afternoon.(具體的)規(guī)則2：不定式及動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)可轉(zhuǎn)換成it作形式主語(yǔ)。如：It was no use sending h

3、im to a hospital.Its very hard to learn an art.規(guī)則3: 動(dòng)名詞帶邏輯主語(yǔ)時(shí)，只可在其前加上物主代詞或名詞的所有格。如：Jacks sudden disappearing made them worried.(不可用Jack)規(guī)則4：帶邏輯主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)名詞結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以和主語(yǔ)從句之間相互轉(zhuǎn)換。如：His being elected our team leader made us all very excited.That he was elected our team leader made us all very excited.他被選為我們的隊(duì)

4、長(zhǎng)，使我們都很興奮。規(guī)則5：adj.for sb. to do sth.與adj.of sb. to do sth.。若形容詞僅僅是描述事物，不是對(duì)不定式行為者的品格進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)，用for sb.，這類形容詞有difficult，easy，hard，important，dangerous，(im)possible等；若形容詞是描述人物性格、特性等的形容詞brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind, thoughtful, considerate, greed

5、y, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel，selfish, wicked, wrong等時(shí)，常用of引出不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)。如：Its very dangerous for children to cross the busy street.It is kind of you to lend me so much money.考點(diǎn)二不定式和動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)規(guī)則1：動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)既可以是物主代詞或名詞的所有格，也可以是人稱代詞賓格和名詞的普通格。如：She doesnt like Mary/Marys talking that way

6、.規(guī)則2：作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)名詞和不定式，它們的完成式表示該動(dòng)作在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生。如：I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.規(guī)則3：接動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)巧記如下：考慮建議盼原諒：consider，suggest/advise, recommend, look forward to, excuse, pardon承認(rèn)推遲沒的想：admit, acknowledge delay/put off, fancy避免錯(cuò)過繼續(xù)練：avoid, miss, keep/keep on, pr

7、actise否認(rèn)完成停止賞：deny, finish, stop, enjoy/appreciate不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡：cant help, mind, allow/permit, escape不準(zhǔn)冒險(xiǎn)憑想象：forbid, abandon, risk, imagine規(guī)則4：接動(dòng)名詞和動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)意義有別的動(dòng)詞：(1)forget to do 忘記要去做某事(此事未做)forget doing忘記做過某事(此事已做過或已發(fā)生)(2)stop to do 停止、中斷(某件事)，目的是去做另一件事stop doing 停止正在做的事(3)remember to do 記住去做某事(未做)reme

8、mber doing記得做過某事(已做)(4)regret to do對(duì)要做的事遺憾(后常跟動(dòng)詞say, tell, inform等)regret doing對(duì)做過的事后悔(5)try to do努力、企圖做某事try doing試驗(yàn)、試一試某種辦法(6)mean to do打算，有意要mean doing意味著(7)go on to do 繼而(去做另外一件事情)go on doing 繼續(xù)(原先沒有做完的事情)(8)propose to do 打算(要做某事)proposing doing建議(做某事)規(guī)則5：動(dòng)詞advise/allow/permit/forbid后要跟doing作賓語(yǔ)，

9、跟to do作賓補(bǔ)。如：We dont allow people to smoke here.The teacher advised taking a different approach.規(guī)則6：need, require, want, deserve作“需要”解時(shí)，其后必須用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式或不定式的被動(dòng)式作賓語(yǔ)，表示某事需要被做。be worth后須用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。如：The road is covered with some fallen trees and they need removing/to be removed immediately.規(guī)則7：固定句型(1)

10、There is no good/point/sense/harmdoing sth. 做某事沒用(不好/沒意義/沒有害處)(2)have difficulty/trouble/problem/a hard time/a good time/fun(in)doing(3)spend/waste/lose time(in)doing sth.(4)come/become/grow/realize/understand/know等表示心理活動(dòng)的過程，意為“漸漸地意識(shí)到/懂了/知道了”。(5)cannot help but do, can do nothing but do, have no cho

11、ice/alternative to do表示“不得不”。(6)“Why not動(dòng)詞原形”表達(dá)向某人提出建議，意為：“為什么不，干嘛不？”(7)“would rather/had better(not)動(dòng)詞原形”意為“寧愿/最好(不)做某事”。(8)there be的非謂語(yǔ)形式作動(dòng)詞expect，like，mean，intend，want，prefer，hate賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常用there to be結(jié)構(gòu)，在mind, object to等后面用there being。如：We dont want there to be any comrades lagging behind.I dont min

12、d there being a chair here.作狀語(yǔ)多用there being結(jié)構(gòu)。如：There being nobody else at hand, I had to do by myself.(9)為避免重復(fù)，在hope, expect, wish, want, like, love, decide, plan, need, mean, forget, refuse 等動(dòng)詞后面再次出現(xiàn)相同的不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，常出現(xiàn)單獨(dú)使用的to，而把曾出現(xiàn)過的動(dòng)詞省略掉。但是，如果在省略的不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中含有be, have, have been時(shí)，要保留這些詞。如：John didnt pass h

13、is driving test, but I expected him to.(10)Itsadj./n.to do sth.和Its no good/no use doing sth.(11)It is good/nice/clever/wise/foolish/stupid/of sb to do sth.It is possible/important/necessary/for sb to do sth.(12)consider, think, make, feel, find, know, regard, believeit賓補(bǔ)(adj./n.)to do sth考點(diǎn)三不定式、動(dòng)名詞

14、和分詞作表語(yǔ)規(guī)則1：不定式作表語(yǔ)一般表示具體動(dòng)作，特別是表示將來的動(dòng)作。動(dòng)名詞作表語(yǔ)，表示抽象的一般性的行為。如：What I would suggest is to start work at once.His hobby is collecting stamps.規(guī)則2：表心理狀態(tài)的interesting, exciting, disappointing, encouraging, worrying, puzzling, satisfying, surprising, pleasing等現(xiàn)在分詞式形容詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，強(qiáng)調(diào)外在的表象，意為“令人的”；interested, excited, di

15、sappointed, encouraged, worried, puzzled, satisfied, surprised, pleased等，強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀的感受，意為“感到的”。規(guī)則3：get, become, look, seem, appear, remain等系動(dòng)詞后都可跟done，表示被動(dòng)或主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)。如：remain seated/hidden，get paid/dressed/changed/stuck/hurt/injured/burnt等。sth remains to_be_done(undone)(某事某物有待于)do all one can to do sth盡力做tooa

16、dj./adv.to do sth太而不能注意：too ready/glad/pleased/surprised/ delighted/happy/to結(jié)構(gòu)表示肯定意義?？键c(diǎn)四不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞作定語(yǔ)規(guī)則1：不定式、動(dòng)名詞和分詞作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：to do/to be done作定語(yǔ)一般表示未來動(dòng)作；done表示已經(jīng)完成的或表被動(dòng)完成的動(dòng)作；being done 表示被動(dòng)的、進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；doing表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或者經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作或現(xiàn)在(或當(dāng)時(shí))的狀態(tài)；現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式一般不作定語(yǔ)。如： The Computer Centre, to_be_built_next_year，will cost lo

17、ts of money.(未來的、被動(dòng)的)The Computer Centre, built_last_year,_cost lots of money.(完成的、被動(dòng)的)The Computer Centre, being_built_now，will cost lots of money.(進(jìn)行的、被動(dòng)的)相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)的定語(yǔ)從句：The Computer Centre, which will be built next year，will cost lots of money.The Computer Centre, which was built last year, cost lots

18、of money.The Computer Centre, which is being built now，will cost lots of money.【溫馨提示】 (1)動(dòng)名詞作定語(yǔ)常表示用途或材料；(2)現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式通常只能作狀語(yǔ)。規(guī)則2：使用to do/to be done作定語(yǔ)的情況(1)下列詞語(yǔ)后常接不定式作定語(yǔ)： the first，the second，the last，the only等。如：Who was the first one to get to the top of the hill yesterday?(2)不定式作定語(yǔ)和所修飾的名詞在邏輯上有主謂關(guān)系。如

19、：There is no one to look after her.(3)不定式與被修飾的名詞在邏輯上有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。如：I have a lot of work to do.【溫馨提示】 (1)如果不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，后面應(yīng)有必要的介詞。如：He is looking for a room to live in. (2)如果不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)和邏輯賓語(yǔ)都出現(xiàn)在不定式前面，不定式則用主動(dòng)形式；若在句中找不到不定式的邏輯主語(yǔ)，則用不定式的被動(dòng)形式。注意這兩句話的區(qū)別：Do you have anything to wash today? (to wash的邏輯主語(yǔ)為句子的主語(yǔ)you)Do you h

20、ave anything to be washed？(to be washed不是you做，而是由“我”或其他人來做)(4)在某些形容詞以及與之相對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞后的不定式，一般用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，其中常見的形容詞有easy, difficult, important, impossible等。如：The work is impossible to finish in two days.(5)常考句型：be reported/said/to do/to be doing/to have done規(guī)則3：一些形容詞化的過去分詞表示已完成的動(dòng)作或所處的狀態(tài)，意為“已經(jīng)的”。如：a fallen le

21、af落葉(已經(jīng)落在地上)a falling leaf飄零的落葉(尚在空中)a developed country發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家a developing country發(fā)展中國(guó)家a risen sun升起的太陽(yáng)a rising sun冉冉升起的太陽(yáng)規(guī)則4：不宜用現(xiàn)在分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)的情況：(1)The man who came this morning is our legal adviser.()The man coming this morning is our legal adviser.()不能用doing表達(dá)過去動(dòng)作。(2)Is there anyone who can answer this

22、 question？()Is there anyone answering this question？()用answering表達(dá)can answer的意思是錯(cuò)的。(3)Those who have finished their work can go home now.()Those having finished their work can go home now.()現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式不能作后置定語(yǔ)。規(guī)則5：drink, learn, sink, light都有兩種形式的過去分詞，但作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，只能用拼寫較長(zhǎng)的過去分詞。如：a drunken driver 喝醉酒的司機(jī)；a learne

23、d lawyer 博學(xué)的律師；a sunken ship 沉船；a lighted candle 點(diǎn)著的蠟燭。考點(diǎn)五不定式和分詞作狀語(yǔ)規(guī)則1：不定式和分詞作狀語(yǔ)，有一般式和完成式，也有主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)。完成式表示該動(dòng)作比謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作先發(fā)生。當(dāng)前后主語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，可以按照下列形式選擇使用：(1)to do表示目的或結(jié)果(to doin order to do/so as to do, 其中so as to do不能放在句首); only to do表示意想不到的結(jié)果；thus doing表示自然而然的結(jié)果。如：We hurried to the classroom only to find none th

24、ere.(意想不到的結(jié)果)A terrible storm hit the area, thus causing great damage to the crops.(自然而然的結(jié)果) (2)doing sth.表示與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作(主動(dòng)關(guān)系)；beingadj./n.常表示原因；being done強(qiáng)調(diào)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作(“因?yàn)檎诒弧?。如：Hearing the news, they got excited.Being blind, how could they see an elephant?Being repaired, the car cannot be used

25、 today. (3)done已經(jīng)發(fā)生的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作；having done 先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的動(dòng)作(主動(dòng)關(guān)系)；having been done先于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的動(dòng)作(被動(dòng)關(guān)系)。如：Not having received an answer, he decided to write another letter.Given(Having been given)a wrong number, I couldnt contact him over the phone.規(guī)則2: tooto do表示肯定的情況(1)當(dāng)only too和 all too與動(dòng)詞不定式連用時(shí)，表示肯定意義。如：Im onl

26、y too pleased to help you.我很高興能幫助你。(2)too ready/anxious/eager/glad/willing(表示心情或情緒)to do，其后的動(dòng)詞不定式具有肯定意義，這時(shí)too相當(dāng)于very。(3)never(not)tooto意為“不會(huì)太所以能”之意。如：One is never too old to learn.諺 活到老，學(xué)到老。 (4)cannottoo/enough意為“再也不過分”之意。如：You can never be careful enough while driving.駕車時(shí)越小心越好。規(guī)則3：devote, absorb, l

27、ose, seat, dress, hide等動(dòng)詞的非謂語(yǔ)形式作狀語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以用它們的ed形式(devoted, absorbed, lost, seated, dressed, hidden)或ingoneself形式(devoting/absorbing/losing/seating/dressing/hiding oneself)。如：Have you noticed the student lost/losing himself in thought?規(guī)則4：有些非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)已經(jīng)游離出來，成為固定短語(yǔ)，當(dāng)作插入語(yǔ)使用。此時(shí)，句子的主語(yǔ)與它們不存在邏輯上的一致關(guān)系。如：(1)to

28、tell you the truth實(shí)話說， needless to say不用說， to be honest/frank老實(shí)說，坦白說， to be more exact更確切地說， to make things worse更糟的是，say that假設(shè)，not to mention更不用說 (2)generally/frankly/roughly speaking一般說來/坦白說/粗略地說，considering鑒于/考慮到，judging by/from從來看，依據(jù)來判斷，supposing/suppose that假定，providing that假定，according to依據(jù)，i

29、ncluding包括，owing to由于，talking/speaking of談及(3)given考慮到， provided that如果規(guī)則5：連詞分詞(短語(yǔ))有時(shí)，為了使非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)與主句的邏輯關(guān)系更清楚，可在非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞前加連詞。連詞有when, while, if, unless, though, after, before等。但分詞的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)必須一致。如：While waiting there, he saw two pretty girls come out of the building.考點(diǎn)六不定式和分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)規(guī)則1：hope, welcome, agree,

30、 suggest, demand不能跟sb. to do sth.，即不能帶補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。()hope sb. to do sth.應(yīng)改為wish/expect sb. to do sth.()welcome sb. to do sth.應(yīng)改為sb. be welcome to do sth.()agree sb. to do sth.應(yīng)改為allow/permit sb. to do sth.()suggest sb. to do sth. 應(yīng)改為advise sb. to do sth./suggest sb.(should)do sth.()demand sb. to do sth.應(yīng)改為req

31、uire sb. to do sth./demand sb.(should)do sth.規(guī)則2：感官動(dòng)詞帶賓補(bǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)。結(jié)構(gòu)公式(以see為例)：結(jié)構(gòu)意義：do、to do sth.表示動(dòng)作的全過程或經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作；doing表示主動(dòng)的、正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；done表示完成的、被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作(如果是不及物動(dòng)詞則只表示完成的動(dòng)作)。如：She was seen to enter/entering the room.A cook will be immediately fired if he is found smoking in the kitchen.The managers discussed the

32、plan that they would like to see carried out the next year.主語(yǔ)be seen to do/doing/donesee賓語(yǔ)do/doing/done(主動(dòng))此類動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)有：see, notice, watch, observe, catch(sight of), listen to, hear, feel, find等。規(guī)則3：get/send 帶賓補(bǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)。(1)get/send賓語(yǔ)doing表示“使起來”，由靜止到運(yùn)動(dòng)并持續(xù)下去。(2)get賓語(yǔ)to dolet/have sb. do表示“讓某人做某事”。(3)get賓語(yǔ)done

33、have sth. done表示“使某事被做”。(4)send賓語(yǔ)to do表示“派某人去做某事”。規(guī)則4：make帶賓補(bǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)。使役動(dòng)詞make賓語(yǔ)do/done；賓語(yǔ)與do 為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，與done是被動(dòng)關(guān)系；如make 在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，to要還原。規(guī)則5：have帶賓補(bǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)。(1)havesb.done意為“讓某人被”(2)havesb.doing意為“讓某人一直做某事”。(3)havesb.do意為“讓某人做某事”。【溫馨提示】 have sth. to be done意為“有要做的事情”(不是主語(yǔ)本人做)；have sth. to do意為“有某事要做”(主語(yǔ)本人做)。參考定語(yǔ)用法。規(guī)

34、則6：keep/leave賓語(yǔ)doing(主動(dòng)，且持續(xù)進(jìn)行)/done(被動(dòng))。規(guī)則7：want/order/ask/wish/like賓語(yǔ)(to be)done(賓語(yǔ)與done之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系)。規(guī)則8：be reported(said/believed)to do(to be doing、to have done)sth.意為“據(jù)報(bào)道(說、認(rèn)為)要做(正在做、做過了)某事”。考點(diǎn)七 非謂語(yǔ)的其他句型結(jié)構(gòu)1. 獨(dú)立分詞結(jié)構(gòu)：名稱或代詞主格分詞如果構(gòu)成分詞的動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是主謂關(guān)系，則使用表示主動(dòng)意義的現(xiàn)在分詞；如果構(gòu)成分詞的動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，則使用表示被動(dòng)意義的過去分詞。如

35、：The problems solved ( As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved.隨著問題的解決，質(zhì)量已經(jīng)提高了。 2. 獨(dú)立不定式結(jié)構(gòu)：名稱或代詞主格不定式 不定式的主動(dòng)形式。在獨(dú)立不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果“名詞或代詞主格”是“不定式”動(dòng)作的發(fā)生者，則兩者在邏輯上存在主謂關(guān)系，用不定式的主動(dòng)形式。如：Nobody to_help_us tomorrow, we cant finish our task ahead of time.明天沒有人來幫忙，我們不可能提前完成任務(wù)。 不定式的被動(dòng)形式。如果“名詞或代詞主格”是

36、“不定式”動(dòng)作的承受者，則兩者在邏輯上存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，用不定式的被動(dòng)形式。如：More presents to_be_given, she will find it difficult to accept.再多給她一些禮物，她就會(huì)覺得很難接受。 3with賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。 充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的詞是形容詞、副詞、分詞、不定式、介詞短語(yǔ)等。其中不定式表示尚未發(fā)生的、將來的動(dòng)作；v.ing形式表示主動(dòng)的、正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作；過去分詞則強(qiáng)調(diào)被動(dòng)意義，也可表示動(dòng)作已完成。4. 特色句式：There being名詞或代詞主格。這是獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的一種特殊形式，在意義上表示存在，充當(dāng)原因狀語(yǔ)或條件狀語(yǔ)，其中的being

37、不能省略。如：There_being nothing interesting in the lecture ( As there was nothing interesting in the lecture), the listeners felt a bit sleepy.因?yàn)檠葜v中沒有什么令人感興趣的東西，聽眾感到有點(diǎn)困倦。 有的分詞短語(yǔ)可以獨(dú)立存在，在句子中沒有邏輯主語(yǔ)。如：generally speaking，judging from/by，supposing(假如),provided等。 有些固定短語(yǔ)是帶to的不定式，表明說話人的立場(chǎng)或態(tài)度，在句子中作獨(dú)立成分。如：to be hon

38、est，to be sure, to tell you the truth，to cut a long story short，to be frank，to make matters/things worse等。 高考真題及變式題12013湖北卷 Not _ my parents, I failed to go to a drama school, where my interest lay.(persuade)由于沒有說服我父母，我沒能上戲劇學(xué)校，而那才是我的興趣所在。答案 having persuaded22013湖北卷 When I work on the farmland in the

39、 daytime, I always _ to a tree on the riverbank.(keep)白天干農(nóng)活的時(shí)候，我總是把羊拴在河邊的樹上。答案 keep my sheep tied32013湖北卷 As time is pressing, I think _ _ is the best way to go from here to the conference centre.(take)由于時(shí)間緊迫，我認(rèn)為從這里去會(huì)議中心最好的辦法是乘出租車。答案 taking a taxi/to take a taxi42012湖北卷 With_， some animals are facin

40、g the danger of dying out.(cut)由于越來越多的森林被砍伐，一些動(dòng)物正面臨著滅絕的危險(xiǎn)。答案 more and more forests/trees (being)cut down52012湖北卷 Popularly _ _American films ever made, The Godfather is a milestone of cinema.(regard)教父被普遍認(rèn)為是美國(guó)有史以來最好的影片之一，是電影界的一個(gè)里程碑。答案 regarded as one of the best 62012湖北卷 The soldier was absent from

41、his camp for three days without _ _(ask)這個(gè)士兵沒有請(qǐng)假就離開營(yíng)地三天。答案 asking for leave (first) 72011湖北卷變式 It was cold and damp，so the man pulled up his collar and put his hands to his _ _(freeze)天氣寒冷而潮濕，所以這個(gè)男人豎起衣領(lǐng)并把手放在凍僵了的臉上。答案 frozen face 82011湖北卷變式 _， he looked for them everywhere.(hold)把鑰匙握在手上，他還在到處找。答案 Hol

42、ding the keys in the/his hand或With the keys held in the/his hand或The keys held in the/his hand 92011湖北卷變式 A number of the oil paintings in this castle are believed _in a big fire in 2009.(destroy)城堡里的大量的油畫被認(rèn)為是在2009年的一場(chǎng)大火里被毀掉的。答案 to have been destroyed 102010湖北卷變式 After she completes the project, she

43、ll have _(worry)完成了這個(gè)項(xiàng)目后，她就沒什么可擔(dān)心的了。答案 nothing to worry about112009湖北卷變式 When you are finished with the electric iron, dont forget_ _(turn)當(dāng)你用完我的電熨斗時(shí)，別忘了關(guān)掉它。答案 to turn it off122009湖北卷變式 _ gave Martin the chance to go to a college in one of the northern states.(win)獲得獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金給了馬丁一個(gè)在北方的一個(gè)州上大學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì)。答案 Winning

44、 a scholarship132013新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷變式 I got to the office earlier that day, _ the 7：30 train from Paddington.(catch)那天我比平時(shí)到辦公室的時(shí)間要早，因?yàn)槲亿s上了7：30從帕丁頓來的火車。答案 having caught142013北京卷變式 Volunteering gives you a chance_， including your own.(change)志愿者工作給了你一個(gè)改變生活(包括改變你自己生活)的機(jī)會(huì)。答案 to change lives152013北京卷變式 When we sa

45、w the road_ _， we decided to spend the holiday at home.(block)當(dāng)我們看到馬路被大雪堵住時(shí)，我們決定在家度過假期。答案 blocked with snow162013重慶卷變式 When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, _ till I fell asleep.(tell)在我小時(shí)候，媽媽常常坐在我床邊，給我講故事，一直講到我睡著為止。答案 telling me stories172013重慶卷變式 The engine just wont start .Something

46、 seems_ with it.(go)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)就是啟動(dòng)不起來?？磥硭浅雒×恕４鸢?to have gone wrong182013湖南卷變式 _ at night, I would fill the woodstove, then set my alarm clock for midnight so I could refill it.(stay)為了在夜里取暖，我把火爐填滿，然后把鬧鐘定在午夜，以便我能把它再填滿一次。答案 To stay warm192013山東卷變式 _ at the cafeteria before, Tina didnt want to eat there aga

47、in.(eat)因?yàn)橹霸谶@家自助餐廳吃過飯，Tina再也不想去那兒吃了。答案 Having eaten202013江蘇卷變式 Lionel Messi, _ the record for the most goals in a calendar year, is considered the most talented football player in Europe.(set)里奧內(nèi)爾梅西創(chuàng)下了年度進(jìn)球最多的紀(jì)錄，被認(rèn)為是歐洲最有天賦的足球運(yùn)動(dòng)員。答案 having set212013四川卷變式 The airport_ next year will help promote touri

48、sm in this area.(complete)明年即將竣工的機(jī)場(chǎng)將有助于促進(jìn)這個(gè)地區(qū)的旅游業(yè)。答案 to be completed222013陜西卷變式 The witnesses_ _just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.(question)警察們剛才詢問的目擊者們對(duì)于打斗過程的描述出入很大。答案 questioned by the police 232013福建卷變式 _ basic firstaid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.

49、(know)懂得一些基本的急救技巧將有助于你快速應(yīng)對(duì)一些緊急情況。答案 Knowing 24_ should be no reason for treating ones neighbours as strangers.(occupy)工作繁忙不應(yīng)該成為“對(duì)面不相識(shí)”的借口。答案 Being occupied with work25Fairly _，James was struggling to grab the edge of the boat.(terrify)詹姆斯非常害怕被沖走，他正奮力地抓著船舷。答案 terrified of being washed away26In order

50、not to be disturbed, he spent the whole afternoon_ his study working on his essay.(lock)為了不被打擾，他把自己鎖在書房里寫了一下午的論文。答案 locked in27With _， I cant give you a definite answer now.(discuss)還有一些細(xì)節(jié)要討論，我現(xiàn)在還不能給你一個(gè)明確的答復(fù)。答案 some details to discuss28Lower educational levels make it difficult for women_.(find)較低的教

51、育水平使女性很難找到工作。答案 to find jobs29The earthquake that happened in Yaan, Sichuan in April was reported _the death of nearly 200 people.(result)據(jù)報(bào)道，在四月發(fā)生的四川雅安地震已導(dǎo)致將近兩百人喪生。答案 to have resulted in30Criticism can even negatively influence ones life if not _properly.(cope)如果不能正確應(yīng)對(duì)，批評(píng)甚至?xí)?duì)人的一生產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。答案 coped wit

52、h31The employee cant _ by his new boss.Hell leave the factory.(stand)那個(gè)雇員忍受不了被新老板那樣對(duì)待，他要離開這個(gè)工廠。答案 stand being treated like that 32Mary _ her behaviour at the party, her tears streamed from her face while she was making apologies to her friends.(feel)瑪麗為她在晩會(huì)上的行為深感羞愧，當(dāng)她向朋友們道歉時(shí)，眼淚不停地從臉上流下來。答案 feeling ashamed of33_fro