高中英語必修四unit4語法：V-ing作定語和狀語(公開課精品)

1、Unit Grammar 動詞動詞-ing形式所充當?shù)某煞荩盒问剿洚數(shù)某煞荩?主語主語動名詞動名詞 賓語賓語動名詞動名詞 表語表語動名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞動名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞 定語定語動名詞、動名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞 狀語狀語 現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞 賓補賓補 現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞 V-ing形式形式充當?shù)某煞殖洚數(shù)某煞种R回顧知識回顧1. 單個動詞的單個動詞的-ing形式作定語位于被修飾名詞的形式作定語位于被修飾名詞的前面前面, 動名詞作定語表示被修飾者的動名詞作定語表示被修飾者的作用或功能作用或功能, 現(xiàn)在分詞作定語常表示被修飾者的動作或狀態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在分詞作定語常表示被修飾者的動作或狀態(tài)。如：如：a sleepi

2、ng car 臥車臥車 = a car for sleeping a sleeping child 一個正在睡覺的孩子一個正在睡覺的孩子 = a child who is sleeping 一、一、V-ing 作定語作定語動名詞動名詞現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞1) drinking water 飲用水飲用水 = water for drinking2) a walking stick 拐杖拐杖 = a stick for walking3) a reading room 閱覽室閱覽室 = a room for reading 4) a writing desk 寫字桌寫字桌 = a desk for w

3、riting5) tiring music 令人疲倦的音樂令人疲倦的音樂 = music which/that is tiring 6) a surprising result令人吃驚的結(jié)果令人吃驚的結(jié)果 = a result which/that is surprising現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞【即練【即練1】同義改寫】同義改寫動名詞動名詞2. Ving 形式短語作定語時形式短語作定語時, 放在所修飾的名詞放在所修飾的名詞 之后之后, 并且在意思上相當于一個定語從句。并且在意思上相當于一個定語從句。如：如：The experiment was an amazing success.=The exp

4、eriment was a success which was amazing. They lived in a room facing the street. = They lived in a room that/which faces the street. 3. V-ing形式短語也可以用作非限制定語形式短語也可以用作非限制定語, 相當于相當于 非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句, 這時它與句子其他部分用這時它與句子其他部分用 逗號分開。逗號分開。如如: His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. = His brother,

5、 who is working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. 1)The man standing there is Peters father. = The man who is standing there is Peters father. 2)Anybody swimming in this river will be fined. = Anybody who is swimming in this river will be fined. 3) Her sons, both working abroad ring her every week. =H

6、er sons, who both work / are both working abroad, ring her every week.【即練【即練2】用定語從句改寫】用定語從句改寫1. 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時, 分詞的邏輯主語必須是分詞的邏輯主語必須是句子的主語句子的主語, 分詞必須和句中的主語含有邏輯分詞必須和句中的主語含有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系上的主謂關(guān)系, 否則不能用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。否則不能用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。如如: Hearing the knock on the door，they stopped talking.聽到有人在敲門，他們停止了談話。When they heard

7、 the knock on the door, they stopped talking.（hearing的邏輯主語是句子的主語的邏輯主語是句子的主語they 發(fā)出的，發(fā)出的，當主從句主語相同時，可把從句改為分詞短語）當主從句主語相同時，可把從句改為分詞短語） 二、現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語二、現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語2. 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時, 分詞的邏輯主語不是句子的分詞的邏輯主語不是句子的主語時主語時, 不能直接用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。不能直接用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。判斷正誤：判斷正誤：When she heard the words, her face went red.( )Hearing the wor

8、ds, her face went red.( )（分詞hearing的邏輯主語不是句子的主語 her face發(fā)出的, 不能用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語） 【注意注意】分詞的邏輯主語不相同時分詞的邏輯主語不相同時, 要用獨立主語，要用獨立主語，即獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。即獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。如:The girl waiting for the bus, a bird fell on her head=When the girl waited for the bus, a bird fell on her head.3. 少部分少部分V-ing形式可以充當獨立成分，這時句形式可以充當獨立成分，這時句子主語與其無任何語法關(guān)

9、系，不要誤認為是子主語與其無任何語法關(guān)系，不要誤認為是V-ing形式作狀語。形式作狀語。如：如：Judging from his tone, theres no doubt he is against it.從他的話音可判斷，毫無疑問他是反對的。從他的話音可判斷，毫無疑問他是反對的。常見短語：generally/strictly/exactly speaking大體/嚴格/準確說來judging from/by.根據(jù)判斷talking of.談到considering.考慮，鑒于supposing (that).假設，假定regarding.關(guān)于1) The child ran through

10、 the rain, his hair got wet. _, his hair got wet.2) If time permits, well do another experiment. _, well do another experiment.3) When she heard the words, her face went red. _, her face went red.4) Because all the tickets had been sold out, they went away disappointedly. _, they went away disappoin

11、tedly. 【即練【即練3】用分詞短語改寫】用分詞短語改寫The child running through the rainTime permittingShe hearing the wordsAll the tickets having been sold out如如: 1) Hearing the bell, they began to enter the room. 解析解析: hearing是一般式主動，表示聽到和進入兩個動作是一般式主動，表示聽到和進入兩個動作 同時發(fā)生同時發(fā)生,相當于狀從相當于狀從:When they heard the bell 2) The buildin

12、g being built now is our new library. 解析解析: being built是一般式被動形式是一般式被動形式, 表示動作正在進行表示動作正在進行 之中之中,相當于定從相當于定從:The building which is being built now 3) Having done the work, he went home.解析解析: Having done是完成式主動是完成式主動,強調(diào)聽見和進入兩個動作強調(diào)聽見和進入兩個動作 先后發(fā)生先后發(fā)生,相當于狀從相當于狀從:After he (had) finished the work 主動形式 被動形式 (n

13、ot)doing being done (not)having done having been done一般式一般式完成式完成式三、三、V-ing的形式和句法功能的形式和句法功能1. V-ing 的一般式和完成式的一般式和完成式2. 現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作狀語現(xiàn)在分詞在句中作狀語, 修飾謂語動詞或整修飾謂語動詞或整個句子個句子, 表示動作發(fā)生的表示動作發(fā)生的原因、時間、方式、原因、時間、方式、結(jié)果、條件、伴隨結(jié)果、條件、伴隨等?，F(xiàn)在分詞等。現(xiàn)在分詞一般不用作一般不用作表目的地狀語表目的地狀語(通常用不定式表目的地狀語通常用不定式表目的地狀語)。1)表時間狀語表時間狀語 Walking in the

14、 street, I came across an old friend of mine.=When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.2) 表原因狀語表原因狀語 Being a student, you should study hard.=Since you are a student, you should study hard. 3) 表伴隨狀語表伴隨狀語 作伴隨狀語的分詞表示的動作作伴隨狀語的分詞表示的動作, 必須是必須是主語的主語的 一個動作一個動作, 或是或是與謂語所表示的動作與謂語所

15、表示的動作(或狀態(tài)或狀態(tài)) 同時發(fā)生同時發(fā)生, 或是或是對謂語表示的動詞對謂語表示的動詞(或狀態(tài)或狀態(tài))作作 進一步補充說明進一步補充說明。 He sat on the sofa, watching TV. =He sat on the sofa, and watched TV.4) 表結(jié)果表結(jié)果狀語狀語 Her mother died in 1990, leaving her with her younger brother.=Her mother died in 1990, and left her with her younger brother.5) 表條件表條件狀語狀語 Using

16、your head, you will find a way. =If you use your head, you will find a way.【即練【即練4】用分詞短語改寫】用分詞短語改寫1) When they heard the strange noise，they felt scared. Hearing the strange noise, they felt scared.2) Because he was ill, he didnt go to school yesterday. Being ill，he didnt go to school yesterday.3) If

17、 you walked ahead, you will see a white house. Walking ahead, you will see a white house.4) They laughed and talked happily as they went into the classroom. Laughing and talking happily, they went into the classroom.5) Unfortunately, his father died, and left the family even worse off. Unfortunately

18、, his father died, leaving the family even worse off.1. When he approached Ms Smith, he touched her shoulder and kissed her. _ _ Ms Smith, he touched her shoulder and kissed her. I. 用用V-ing形式改寫句子形式改寫句子When approaching2. The person who is translating the songs can speak seven languages. The person _

19、_ _ can speak seven languages.translating the songs3. The boy standing there is reading a book about body language. The boy _ _ _ there is reading a book about body language.whois standing4. Because he didnt know anyone, he stood there silently. _ _ anyone, he stood there silently.Not knowing 5. The

20、 picture that hangs on the wall is a world-famous one. The picture _ on the wall is a world-famous one.6. Because he hadnt received an answer, he decided to write another letter to him. _ _ _ an answer, he decided to write another letter to him.hangingNot having received7. When he sees the mountain,

21、 he always thinks of his hometown. _ the mountain, he always thinks of his hometown.8. Because it is Sunday, there are no students in the school. It _ _, there are no students in the school. Seeing being Sunday9. He hunted all the shops to look for a nice present for his mother. He hunted all the sh

22、ops, _ _ a nice present for his mother.10. If you study hard, youll make progress. _ _, youll make progress. _ _, youll make progress. (祈使句祈使句+and/or+陳述句陳述句)looking forStudying hardStudy hardII單句改錯。句子共有單句改錯。句子共有10處語言，涉及一個單處語言，涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個漏詞符號（增加：在缺詞處加一個漏詞符號（/）,并在該句并在該句 下面寫出該加的詞。下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（刪