語言學輔音分類

1、by class 6 group 22.2.4.1 classification of english consonantsdefinition of consonants: in articulatory phonetics, a consonant is a speech sound that is articulated with complete or partial closure of the vocal tract. generally speaking,there are 24 consonants in english.but some people say there ar

2、e 28.that is also right to some degree.the left 4 are ts,dz,tr,dr.english consonants can be classified in 2 ways:one is in terms of manner of articulation（發(fā)音方法）;the other is in terms of place of articulation（發(fā)音部位）.manner of articulation manner of articulation stopsstopsfricativesfricativesaffricates

3、affricatesliquidsliquids nasalsnasalsglidesglides010102020303040405050606manner of manner of articulatioarticulation nstopsstopsfricativesfricativesaffricatesaffricatesliquidsliquids nasalsnasalsglidesglides010102020303040405050606manner of manner of articulationarticulationstopsstops fricatives fri

4、catives affricatesaffricatesliquids liquids nasalsnasalsglidesglides010102020303040405050606010102020303040405050606when the obstruction created by the speech organs is total or complete,the sound produced with the obstruction audibly released and the air passing out again is called a stop or a plos

5、ive.p b,t d,k gmanner of manner of articulationarticulation010102020303040405050606stopsstopsfricativesfricativesaffricatesaffricatesliquidsliquidsnasalsnasalsglidesglidesmanner of manner of articulationarticulation010102020303040405050606stopsstopsfricativesfricativesaffricatesaffricatesliquidsliqu

6、idsnasalsnasalsglidesglideswhen the obstruction is partial and the air is forced through a narrow passage in the mouth so as to cause definite local friction at the point,the speech sound then is a fricative.fvszhmanner of manner of articulationarticulation010102020303040405050606stopsstopsfricative

7、s fricatives affricatesaffricatesliquidsliquidsnasalsnasalsglidesglidesmanner of manner of articulationarticulation0101020203030404050506060707stopsstopsfricativesfricativesaffricatesaffricatesliquidsliquidsnasalsnasalsglidesglideswhen the obstruction,complete at first,is released slowly with the fr

8、ictionresulting from partial obstrution(as in fricatives),the sounds are affricates.t dmanner of manner of articulationarticulationglidesglides010102020303040405050606stopsstopsfricativesfricativesaffricatesaffricatesliquidsliquidsnasalsnasalsmanner of manner of articulationarticulation0101020203030

9、40405050606stopsstopsfricativesfricativesaffricatesaffricatesliquidsliquidsnasalsnasalsglidesglideswhen the airflow is obstructed but is allowed to escape through the passage between part orparts of the tongue(the tip or the sides) and the roof of the mouth,the sounds are called liquids.l rmanner of

10、 manner of articulationarticulationglides glides 010102020303040405050606stops stops fricatives fricatives affricatesaffricates liquidsliquids nasalsmanner of manner of articulationarticulation010102020303040405050606stopsstopsfricativesfricativesaffricatesaffricatesliquidsliquidsnasalsnasalsglidesg

11、lideswhen the nasal passage is opened by lowering the soft palate at the back of the mouth and the air is allowed to pass through it,the sounds are nasals.m n manner of manner of articulationarticulationglides glides 010102020303040405050606stopsstops fricatives fricatives affricates affricates liqu

12、idsliquids nasalsnasalsglidesglidesmanner of manner of articulationarticulation010102020303040405050606stopsstopsfricativesfricativesaffricatesaffricatesliquidsliquidsnasalsnasalsglides,sometimes called “semivowels”,are a rather marginal category.they are with a narrow passage between the lips or be

13、tween the tongue and the hard palate to cause some slight noise from the local obstruction.w jare formed in the same manner as the vowelsui.bilabial bilabial dentaldental alveolar alveolar palatal palatal labiodentlabiodental al zzplovezzpplace of place of articulationarticulationbilabial(雙唇音）:the u

14、pper and the lower lips are brought together to create obstruction.p b w mglottal glottal velar velar bilabial bilabial dentaldental alveolar alveolar palatal palatal labiodentlabiodental al zzplovezzpplace of place of articulationarticulationlabiodental(唇齒音）:the lower tip is brought into contact wi

15、th the upper teeth,thus creating the obstruction.f vglottal glottal velar velar bilabial bilabial dentaldental alveolar alveolar palatal palatal labiodentlabiodental al zzplovezzpplace of place of articulationarticulationdental(齒音):the obstruction is created between the tip of the tongue and the upp

16、er teeth. glottal glottal velar velar bilabialbilabial dentaldental alveolar alveolar palatal palatal labiodentlabiodental al zzplovezzpplace of place of articulationarticulationalveolar(齒槽音）:the tip of the tongue is brought into contact the upper teeth-ridge to create the obstruction.t d s z n l rg

17、lottal glottal velar velar bilabial bilabial dentaldental alveolar alveolar palatal palatal labiodentlabiodental al zzplovezzpplace of place of articulationarticulationpalatal(腭音):the obstruction is between the back of the tongue and the hard palate.j t dglottal glottal velar velar bilabial bilabial dentaldental alveolar alveolar palatal palatal labiodentlabiodental al zzplovezzpplace of place of articulationarticulationvelar(軟腭音):the back of the tongue is brought into contact with the velum,or the soft palate.k g glottal glottal velar v