高中英語(yǔ)句子成分及練習(xí)課件

1、 句子成分及練習(xí)句子成分及練習(xí)一、句子成分一、句子成分v（一）句子成分的定義：（一）句子成分的定義：v構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。v句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；v主要成分有主要成分有主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)和和謂語(yǔ)；謂語(yǔ)；v次要成分有次要成分有表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)和足語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)和插入語(yǔ)插入語(yǔ)。二）主語(yǔ)：二）主語(yǔ)：v主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ) (subject)1. 主語(yǔ)主語(yǔ):是一個(gè)句子的主干部分之一是一個(gè)句子的主干部分之一,主語(yǔ)表主語(yǔ)表明是明是“什么人什么人” ， “ 什么事什么事”. 主語(yǔ)可由主語(yǔ)可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)

2、詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語(yǔ)從句名詞、名詞化的形容詞和主語(yǔ)從句等等7種種表示。例如：表示。例如：1.during the 1990s, american country music has become more and more popular. 2.we often speak english in class. 3.one-third of the students in this class are girls.4.to swim in the river is a great pleasure.5.smoking does harm to th

3、e health. 6.the rich should help the poor. （名詞）（代詞）（數(shù)詞）（不定式）（動(dòng)名詞）（名詞化的形容詞）7.when we are going to have an english test has not been decided. 8.it is necessary to master a foreign language.（主語(yǔ)從句）（it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)為后面的不定式）（三）謂語(yǔ)（三）謂語(yǔ) v謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ) (predicate) 說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ)，具有的特征和狀態(tài)。動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ)，

4、一般放在主語(yǔ)之后。謂語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成如下：一般放在主語(yǔ)之后。謂語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成如下：v1、簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)、簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ)：由一個(gè)動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成。如：成。如： he practices running every morning. the plane took off at ten oclock.（三）謂語(yǔ)（三）謂語(yǔ) （四）表語(yǔ)（四）表語(yǔ) v表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)(predicative)v用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)與身份，用以說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的性質(zhì)、特征、狀態(tài)與身份，它一般位于系動(dòng)詞（如它一般位于系動(dòng)詞（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。等）之后。v表語(yǔ)一

5、般由表語(yǔ)一般由名詞、代詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、代詞、形容詞、數(shù)詞、 副副詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)及表詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)及表語(yǔ)從句等語(yǔ)從句等10種情況表示。例如：種情況表示。例如： 1.our english teacher is an american.（名詞）（名詞）2.is it yours?（代詞）（代詞）3.the weather has turned cold.（形容詞）（形容詞）4.the speech is exciting.（分詞）（分詞）5.three times seven is twenty one?（數(shù)詞）（數(shù)詞）6.his job is to

6、 teach english.（不定式）（不定式）7.his hobby is playing football.（動(dòng)名詞）（動(dòng)名詞）8.the meeting is of great importance.（介詞短語(yǔ)）（介詞短語(yǔ)）9.time is up. the class is over.（副詞）（副詞）10.the truth is that he has never been abroad.（表語(yǔ)從句）（表語(yǔ)從句）注意：系動(dòng)詞（注意：系動(dòng)詞（linking verb)用于連接主語(yǔ)和用于連接主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)特征和身份等。表語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)特征和身份等。1）狀態(tài)系

7、動(dòng)詞狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)狀態(tài)，只有用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)狀態(tài)，只有be一詞，一詞，例如：例如： he is a teacher. 2）持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有或態(tài)度，主要有keep, remain, stay, lie, stand, 例如：例如：he always kept silent at meeting. 3）表像系動(dòng)詞表像系動(dòng)詞用來(lái)表示用來(lái)表示“看起來(lái)像看起來(lái)像”這一概念，這一概念，主要有主要有seem, appear, look, 例如：例如：he seems (to be) very sad. 注意：系動(dòng)詞（注意：系動(dòng)

8、詞（linking verb)用于連接主語(yǔ)和表用于連接主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)特征和身份等。語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)，性質(zhì)特征和身份等。 4）感官系動(dòng)詞感官系動(dòng)詞主要有主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, look 例如：例如：this kind of cloth feels very soft. 5）變化系動(dòng)詞變化系動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)變成什么樣，主要有表示主語(yǔ)變成什么樣，主要有become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come.例如：例如：our country is becoming richer and richer. 6）結(jié)果是結(jié)果是;證明

9、是證明是 prove, turn out, 例如：例如：the rumor proved false. his plan turned out a success. （五）賓語(yǔ)（五）賓語(yǔ) v賓語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)（object）表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛(ài)者，一）表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承愛(ài)者，一般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。例如：般位于及物動(dòng)詞和介詞后面。例如： 1.he is doing his homework.2.the heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.3.how many dictionaries do you have? i have f

10、ive.（名詞）（代詞、動(dòng)名詞）（名詞、數(shù)詞）4.they helped the old with their housework yesterday.5.he pretended not to see me.6.i enjoy listening to popular music.7.i think（that）he is fit for his office.（名詞化形容詞，名詞）（不定式短語(yǔ)）（動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)）（賓語(yǔ)從句）v賓語(yǔ)種類賓語(yǔ)種類：v（1）雙賓語(yǔ)（間接賓語(yǔ)）雙賓語(yǔ)（間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)），例如：直接賓語(yǔ)），例如：lend me your dictionary, please.to: w

11、rite, tell, pass, give, send, promise, show, hand, read, tell, bring, throw等，例如：等，例如： he sent the novel to william yesterday.for: make, buy, sing,cook等，例如：等，例如： she bought a gift for her mother.v（2）復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)）復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)），例如：賓補(bǔ)），例如：vthey elected him their monitor.（六）賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（六）賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) v賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)（object com

12、plement），），用于補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作，一般位于賓用于補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作，一般位于賓語(yǔ)之后，賓語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成復(fù)語(yǔ)之后，賓語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。需接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：合賓語(yǔ)。需接復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：tell，let，help，teach， ask，see，have，order，make等。等?！百e補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ)”一般可一般可由名由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)詞短語(yǔ)充當(dāng)。例如：充當(dāng)。例如：1.his father named him xiaoming.2.they painted their boat white.3.let the f

13、resh air in.4.you mustnt force him to lend his money to you.5.we saw her entering the room.6.we found everything in the lab in good order.（名詞）（形容詞）（副詞）（不定式短語(yǔ)）（現(xiàn)在分詞）（介詞短語(yǔ)）（七）定語(yǔ)（七）定語(yǔ) v修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句稱為定語(yǔ)修飾名詞或代詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句稱為定語(yǔ)(attribute)。v定語(yǔ)可由以下等成分表示：定語(yǔ)可由以下等成分表示：1.guilin is a beautiful city.（形容詞）（形容詞）2.ch

14、ina is a developing country; america is a developed country.（分詞）（分詞） 3.there are thirty women teachers in our school.（名詞）（名詞）4.his rapid progress in english made us surprised.（代詞）（代詞）5.our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短語(yǔ)）（不定式短語(yǔ)）6.the teaching plan for next term has been wor

15、ked out.（動(dòng)名詞）（動(dòng)名詞）7.he is reading an article about how to learn english.（介詞短語(yǔ)）（介詞短語(yǔ)）8.she is the girl who sings best in my class. (定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句)（八）狀語(yǔ)（八）狀語(yǔ) v修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，說(shuō)明修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子，說(shuō)明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語(yǔ)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫做狀語(yǔ)（adverbial）?？捎梢韵滦问奖硎荆??？捎梢韵滦问奖硎?：1.light travels most quickly.2.he has lived

16、in the city for ten years. 3.he is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（副詞及副詞性詞組）（介詞短語(yǔ)）（不定式短語(yǔ)）4.he sat in the room, making a model plane.5.once you begin, you must continue.（分詞短語(yǔ)）（狀語(yǔ)從句）9種狀語(yǔ)種類如下： 1. how about meeting again at six?2.last night she didnt go to the dance party

17、 because of the rain.3.i shall go there if it doesnt rain. 4.mr smith lives on the third floor. 5.she put the eggs into the basket with great care.（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）（原因狀語(yǔ)）（條件狀語(yǔ)）（地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）（方式狀語(yǔ)）v she came in with a dictionary in her hand.6.in order to catch up with the others, i must work harder. 7.he was so tired t

18、hat he fell asleep immediately. 8.she works very hard though she is old.9.i am taller than he is.（伴隨狀語(yǔ)）（目的狀語(yǔ)）（結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)）（讓步狀語(yǔ)）（比較狀語(yǔ)） （九）同位語(yǔ)（九）同位語(yǔ)（appositive）對(duì)前面的名）對(duì)前面的名詞或代詞做進(jìn)一步的解釋，通常由詞或代詞做進(jìn)一步的解釋，通常由名詞名詞、數(shù)詞、代詞數(shù)詞、代詞或或從句從句擔(dān)任，如：擔(dān)任，如：this is mr. zhou, our headmaster.（十）插入語(yǔ)（十）插入語(yǔ)（parenthesis）對(duì)一句話）對(duì)一句話做一些附加的解釋，

19、通常有做一些附加的解釋，通常有to be honest , i think (suppose, believe-)等，如：等，如：to be frank, i dont quite agree with you.v一、指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：一、指出下列句子劃線部分是什么句子成分：v1. the students got on the school bus.v2. he handed me the newspaper.v3. i shall answer your question after class.v4. what a beautiful chinese painting!

20、v5. they went hunting together early in the morning.v6. his job is to train swimmers.v7. he took many photos of the palaces in beijing.v8. there is going to be an american film tonight.v9. he is to leave for shanghai tomorrow.v10. his wish is to become a scientist.v11. he managed to finish the work

21、in time.v12. tom came to ask me for advice.v13. he found it important to master english.v14. do you have anything else to say?v15. to be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.v16. would you please tell me your address?v17. he sat there, reading a newspaper.v18. it is our duty to keep our classro

22、om clean and tidy.v19. he noticed a man enter the room.v20. the apples tasted sweet.v一、一、1、主語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)；、主語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)；2、間接賓語(yǔ)；、間接賓語(yǔ)；3、謂語(yǔ)，、謂語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)；狀語(yǔ)；4、定語(yǔ)；、定語(yǔ)；5、狀語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)；、狀語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)；6、定語(yǔ)，表、定語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)；語(yǔ)；7、賓語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)；、賓語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)；8、謂語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)；、謂語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)；9、謂語(yǔ)；、謂語(yǔ)；10、主語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)；、主語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)；11、謂語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)；、謂語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)；12、狀語(yǔ)；、狀語(yǔ)；13、形式賓語(yǔ)，真正賓語(yǔ)；、形式賓語(yǔ)，真正賓語(yǔ)；14、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)；、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)；15、插入語(yǔ)，狀

23、語(yǔ)；、插入語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)；16、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)(間賓間賓+直賓直賓)；17、狀語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)；狀語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)；18、形式主語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，賓補(bǔ)；、形式主語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)，賓補(bǔ)；19、賓補(bǔ)；賓補(bǔ)；20、表語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ) 句子成分練習(xí)題句子成分練習(xí)題( 二二 ) 指出下列句子中劃線部分的句子成分：指出下列句子中劃線部分的句子成分：1.whether well go depend on the weather .2. peoples standards of living are going up steadily .3. that was how they were defeated.4.the nursery takes good c

24、are of our children .5.ill return the book to you tomorrow .6.we are sure that we shall succeed .7.the woman with a baby in her arms is his other .8.there are many films that id like to see. 9.have you met the person about whom he was speaking ? 10.i have a lot of work to do . 11.anyway i wont stop

25、you from doing it . 12. she was the first to learn about it. 13.how many new words did you learn last class? 14.seeing this ,some comrades became very worried . 15.much interested , he agreed to give it a try . 16. the old man was feeling very tired 17.we should serve the people heart and soul.18. y

26、ou will find it useful after you leave school.19.spring coming on , the tree turned green. 20.some farmers saw something strange in the sky 21.we think it necessary that everyone should attend the meeting .22.its strange that she doesnt come today .23.it was in the library that i found him today .24

27、.he likes drawing at times when he isnt working .25.we left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door. 答案答案 1.主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從句 2謂語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ) 3表語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句 4賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ) 5.間賓間賓 6.賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句 7.定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ) 8.定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句 9.定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ) 10.定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ) 11.狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ) 12.定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ) 13.賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ) 14.狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ) 15.狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ) 16.表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ) 17.狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ) 18.賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ) 19.狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ) 20.定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ) 21.賓語(yǔ)從句賓語(yǔ)從句 22.主語(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)從

28、句 23.狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ) 24.狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ) 25.狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)四、選擇填空：v( )1. _ will leave for beijing.va. now there the man vb. the man here nowvc. the man who is here now vd. the man is here nowv( ) 2. the weather _.va. wet and cold b. is wet and coldvc. not wet and coldd. were wet and coldv( ) 3. the apple tasted _.va. sweets b. sweet

29、ly vc. nicely d. sweetv( ) 4. he got up _ yesterday morning.va. lately b. late vc. latest d. latterv( )5. the actor _at the age of 70.va. dead b. died vc. dyed d. dyingv( )6. _ were all very tired, but none of _ would stop to take a rest.va. we, us b. us, we vc. we, our d. we, wev( )7. he found the

30、street much _.va. crowd b. crowding vc. crowded d. crowdedlyv( ) 8.i think _necessary to learn english well.va. its b. it vc. that d. that isv( ) 9. the dog _ mad.va. looks b. is looked vc. is being looked d. was lookedv( )10.i will never forget the day _ i joined the army.va. that b. when vc. in which d. where一一 分析下列句子成分分析下列句子成分 1. our school is not far from my home. 2. it is a