初中英語中考復(fù)習(xí)二(名詞、冠詞、代詞)

1、復(fù)習(xí)計劃v第一周：名詞、冠詞、代詞v第二周：形容詞、副詞v第三周：介詞、連詞、數(shù)詞v第四周：動詞的分類、情態(tài)動詞和時態(tài)v第五周：被動語態(tài)和非謂語動詞v第六周：主謂一致、倒裝句v第七周：句子名詞一、將下列名詞按要求分類 house, man, rice, soup, park, bread, meal, week, meat, son, bottle, advice, shoe, juice, beef, cup, bag, information, salt, pen, baby, apple可數(shù)名詞： 不可數(shù)名詞： house, man, park, meal, week, son, bot

2、tle, shoe, cup, bag, pen, baby, applerice, soup, bread, meat, advice, juice, beef, information, saltsheep 二、用所給名詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.How many _ (sheep) are there on the hill?2.There is some _ (food) in the basket.3.The baby has only two _ (tooth) now.4.There is a lot of _ (water) in the bottle.5.There are five

3、 _ (people) in his family.6.Lets take _ (photo), OK?7.I have lots of _ (tomato) here.8.The _ (child) are playing on the playground now.foodteethwaterpeoplephotostomatoeschildrenv考點一：不可數(shù)名詞考點一：不可數(shù)名詞 不可數(shù)名詞包括物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞，不能直接與數(shù)詞或不定冠詞連用，也沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，如：air, time, money, rice等， 與“液體，肉類 ”有關(guān)的名詞也都為不可數(shù)名詞，如water, milk,

4、 beef, mutton等，常考的不可數(shù)名詞如下： news, information, music, work, advice, weather 若要表示不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量，可以借助數(shù)量詞，如： a piece of news 一則新聞 two pieces of information 兩條信息 three pieces of music 三首樂曲 four pieces of paper 四張紙 a glass of water 一杯水v考點二：可數(shù)名詞1.單數(shù)變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化：（1）一般直接加-s book-books apple-apples bag-bags（2）以-s,-x,-

5、sh,-ch結(jié)尾的單詞要變y為i再 加-es class-classes box-boxes brush-brushes watch-watches（3）以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的單詞要變y為i再 加-esfactory-factories city-cities family-families（4）以o結(jié)尾的單詞，若是表示有生命的名詞，變復(fù)數(shù)時加-es；若是表示無生命的名詞，變復(fù)數(shù)時加-s有生命的：mango-mangoes potato-potatoes tomato-tomatoes無生命的：photo-photos zoo-zoos radio-radios（5）以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞要變f或

6、fe為ve再加-s knife-knives leaf-leaves half-halves thief-thieves規(guī)則名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)口訣名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)，直接加-s占多數(shù)。詞尾若是-s,-x,-sh,-ch，直接加上-es，詞尾若是-f或-fe，加-s之前要變ve，“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，把y變i再把-es添；詞尾字母若是-o，加-es的有tomato和potato。2.單數(shù)變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化：（1）foot-feet tooth-teeth goose-geese mouse-mice woman-women man-men policeman-policemen child-child

7、ren（2）單復(fù)數(shù)同形：sheep-sheep deer-deer Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese fish-fish（3）國籍：不變： Chinese Japanese變a為e：Englishman-Englishmen Frenchman-Frenchmen 詞尾加-s：American-Americans Australian-Australians Canadian-Canadians German-Germans Russian-Russians Indian-Indians口訣：中日不變英法變，其余s加后面3、以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞： trouse

8、rs, socks, stockings, shorts, shoes, gloves, glasses, clothes, scissors, people4、兩上名詞組成的名詞詞組通常在最后一個名詞后加-s。但當(dāng)woman或man與另一個名詞組成名詞詞組時，前后兩個名詞都要變復(fù)數(shù)。如： shoe factory-shoe factories girl student-girl students coffee shop-coffee shops 但woman doctor-women doctors man worker-men workersv考點三：名詞所有格1、s結(jié)構(gòu)：有生命的及表示時

9、間、距離、國家、城市的名詞（1）直接在詞尾加s，如： my mothers handbag todays newspaper（2）以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞只能加“ ”，如： Teachers Day the students reading room five minutes walk（3）并列名詞所有格要特別注意，如： Tom and Tims bedroom（兩人共有一個臥室）Toms and Tims bedrooms（每人分別占有一個臥室，共有兩個）2、of結(jié)構(gòu)：無生命的名詞 the leg of the table, the top of the mountain3、雙重所有格： a fr

10、iend of mine 我的一個朋友 a friend of my mothers 我媽媽的一個朋友（=one of my mothers friends）注：（1）表示某人的家或店鋪、辦公室、教堂的名字，名詞所有格后的地方名通常不出現(xiàn)，如：at the doctors 在診所 at the barbers 在理發(fā)店（2）the answer to the question 問題的答案 the key to the door 門的鑰匙 the way to the cinema 去電影院的路v考點四：一詞多義考點四：一詞多義 room rooms （房間） glass glasses （玻璃

11、杯、眼鏡） room （空間，不可數(shù)） glass （玻璃，不可數(shù)） hair hairs （幾根頭發(fā)） fish fishes （各種魚） hair （頭發(fā)，不可數(shù)） fish （魚肉，不可數(shù)） tea a tea （一種茶） paper a paper （報紙，試卷） tea （茶，不可數(shù)） paper （紙，不可數(shù)） v考點五：數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞， 中間的名詞不能用復(fù)數(shù)形式，必須用單數(shù)形式 如：a 12-meter-deep well 一口12米深的井1.I hear you run for half an hour every day. -Right. We have to. It i

12、s one of the _ in our school.（2011.廣東） A. rules B. plans C. hobbies D. choices 解析：考查名詞詞義及其復(fù)數(shù)形式。單數(shù)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時，通常加-s，以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的單詞，則變y為i再加-es。2.Could you please tell me something about the two _ ? - _ . They are exchange students of No.1 Middle School.（2011.深圳） A. Frenchmen; Yes, please B. Frenchmans; Come

13、on C. German; Not at all D. German; All right 解析：考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)與交際用語用法。 Frenchman 的復(fù)數(shù)形式為Frenchmen，屬于不規(guī)則變化。熟記口訣：中日不變英法變，其余s加后面?；卮饎e人的請求可用“All right.”。3.Im so hungry. Please give me _ to eat.（2011.清遠）A. Three breads B. three pieces of breadC. Three pieces of breads D. three pieces of bread解析：考查不可數(shù)名詞數(shù)量的表示。不可數(shù)名詞

14、表示數(shù)量時，要借助數(shù)量詞。當(dāng)數(shù)量大于一時，表示數(shù)量的單詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。冠詞用適當(dāng)?shù)墓谠~或“/”填空。1.There is _ picture on _ wall.2.This is _ useful book. Ive read it for _ hour.3.Lets go out for _ walk.4.Its too hot. Open _ door, please.5. There is _ woman over there. _ woman is Meimeis mother.6. _ sun rises in _ east.7. _ Changjiang River is _ l

15、ongest river in _ China.8. He joined the army in _ spring of _ 1995.9. He likes playing _ basketball and _ piano.10. I often watch _ TV in _ evening.aanatheatheaTheThetheThethe/the/the/thev考點一：不定冠詞a/an的區(qū)別 不定冠詞有a和an兩種形式，只能用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前。a用在以輔音音素開頭的詞前，an用在以元音音素開頭的詞前。判斷一個單詞是元音還是輔音開頭，要根據(jù)其讀音，而不是根據(jù)其字母。如：a book

16、, a useful book, an interesting book等。v考點二：不定冠詞a/an的用法1.用來泛指“一”，這是不定冠詞的基本用法。如：This is a book. 這是一本書。 She is a doctor. 她是一名醫(yī)生。A horse is smaller than an elephant. 一匹馬比一頭大象小。2.用于序數(shù)詞前，表示“又一”。如：The cake is delicious, and I want a second one. 蛋糕很好吃，我想再吃一塊。v考點三：定冠詞the的用法1.表示雙方都知道的人或事物2.特指的或上文已提到的人或事物。（可理解

17、為“這，這個；那，那個”）3.用在世界上獨一無二的事物前。 如：the moon, the sun, the earth4.用在序數(shù)詞前。 如：Monday is the second day of a week. 星期一是一個星期中的第二天。5.用在形容詞和部分比較級前。如：Tom is the tallest boy in his class. Tom是他班中最高的男生。She is the taller of the two. 她是兩個中比較高的那個。6.用在某些形容詞前，表示一類人或物。 如：the poor窮人，the rich富人7.用在樂器前。如：play the violin

18、拉小提琴8.用在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)前，表示“某一家人”或“某夫婦”。如：the Greens格林一家人，the Lius 姓劉一家人9.用在逢“十”的復(fù)數(shù)數(shù)詞前，指某個世紀(jì)中的幾十年代。如：in the 1970s 在20世紀(jì)70年代10.用在由多個普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前。如：the United States, the United Nations, the Great Wallv考點四：不用冠詞的情況1.在國名、城市名或人名前不用冠詞2.在球類運動和三餐前不用冠詞3.年、月、季節(jié)、星期、節(jié)假日前不用冠詞（但季節(jié)有of結(jié)構(gòu)限定時，須加the,如：the summer of 2009）4.在棋類和學(xué)科

19、名詞前不用冠詞。如：play chess 下象棋5.名詞前已有this, that, these, your, my, some, any, every等時，不用冠詞冠詞基本用法口訣：名詞是禿子，常要戴帽子，可數(shù)名詞單，須用a，an在元音音素前，若為特指時，則須用定冠，復(fù)數(shù)不可數(shù)，泛指the不見，碰到代詞時，冠詞均不現(xiàn)。 冠詞是中考必考的語法知識之一，也是中考考查的主要對象。以上口訣包括的意思有：名詞在一般情況下不單用，常常要和冠詞連用；表示不確指的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前要用不定冠詞a或an，確指時要用定冠詞the；如復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示泛指時，名詞前有this, these, my, some等修飾時就不用

20、冠詞。1.I really like _ book you lent me yesterday.（2011.廣東） A. a B. an C. the D. 不填解析：本題考查定冠詞的用法。定冠詞the可用于特指某人或某物。2.Her daughter began to play _ piano when she was five. Now she was very good at it.（2011.清遠）A. an B. a C. the D./解析：表示演奏某種樂器，在樂器名稱前應(yīng)加定冠詞the。3. In L.A.Lingling lived with _ Smiths and got

21、on well with the host family.（2011.佛山） A. a B. the C. / 解析：定冠詞the用在姓氏復(fù)數(shù)前，表示“某一家人”或“某夫婦”。 4.Miss Lin wants to lose weight. She just has _ cup of milk for _ breakfast every day.（2011.梅州） A. a; the B. a; 不填 C. the; a D. the; 不填解析：考查不定冠詞與零冠詞的用法。不定冠詞的基本用法是用來泛指“一”。在三餐前不需要加冠詞。代詞一、用所給代詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.This is not

22、my pencil-box. _ ( I ) is in the bag.2.Is this _ (you) pen?3.This is _ ( I ) book. Where is _ (you)?4.Help _ (you) to some fruit, Jack.5.Sam is my brother. Do you like to play with _ (he)?6.Did you enjoy _ (you), Mary and Kate?Mineyourmyyoursyourselfhimyourself二、用適當(dāng)?shù)拇~填空1.The old man has two sons. O

23、ne is a worker, _ is a teacher.2.John and I are in the same school. _ go to school together.3.We were all very tired, but _ of us would like to have a rest.4. _ of the twins are in our class.5. _ jumped the longest of all in the long jump?6.- _ color is your mothers dress? - Its black.7.- _ is your

24、car? - The red one in front of the tree.8. My watch doesnt work. There must be _ wrong.the otherWenoneBothWhoWhatWhich somethingv考點一：人稱代詞、物主代詞和反身代詞的各種形式、用法區(qū)別 類別人稱 人稱代詞物主代詞反身代詞主格賓格形容詞性名詞性第一人稱單數(shù)Imemyminemyself復(fù)數(shù)weusouroursourselves第二人稱單數(shù)youyouyouryoursyourself復(fù)數(shù)youyouyouryoursyourselves第三人稱單數(shù)hehimhish

25、ishimself單數(shù)sheherherhersherself單數(shù)itititsitsitself復(fù)數(shù)theythemtheirtheirsthemselves用法說明放在動詞之前，作主語放在動詞或介詞之后，作賓語后要接名詞或代詞后不能接名詞或代詞不作主語，必須與被指代的人在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致v考點二：人稱代詞的位置單數(shù) you, he and I復(fù)數(shù) we, you and they人稱代詞順序排列口訣：人稱代詞順序排列口訣：人稱代詞并列觀，注意順序禮貌見。單數(shù)人稱二、三、一，復(fù)數(shù)人稱一、二、三。麻煩事我（I）站前，其他人稱沒意見。兩性并列為三單，男先女后是習(xí)慣。（he and she） v

26、考點三：反身代詞常考詞組enjoy oneself 玩得開心 help oneself to 隨便吃come to oneself 蘇醒 look after oneself 照顧自己teach oneself sth. 自學(xué) learn sth. by oneself 自學(xué) hurt oneself 受傷 by oneself 親自leave one by oneself 將某人單獨留下v考點四：指示代詞單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)用法thisthese指前面剛剛提過的事及名詞，也可指下文將要提及的呈近指打電話時，用this介紹自己thatthose指前面剛剛提過的事及名詞遠指打電話時，用that詢問對方是誰v

27、考點五：it的用法1.作形式主語、形式賓語 作形式主語時?？季湫停?）Its + adj. + (for sb.) to do sth.如：It is important to learn English well.學(xué)好英語很重要。（2）Its + adj. + that 從句 如：It is necessary that we should be on time. 守時是很必要的。（3）It takes sb. + some time to do sth.如：It takes me an hour to do my homework every day. 每天我要花1個小時做作業(yè)。作形式賓語

28、?？季湫停篺ind/feel/think it + adj. + to do sth.如：I find it difficult to learn English. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)英語很難。2.指嬰兒或不明身份的人如：- Who is knocking at the door? 誰在敲門？ - I think it is Mr. Li. 我想是李先生。3.代詞one, it, that 的區(qū)別（1）that代替前面提到的名詞，以避免重復(fù)（2）it特指上下文提到的同一對象，同類同物。（3）one泛指上下文提及的同類事物中的一個，同類而不同物。如：The weather of Beijing is as

29、 good as that of Qingdao. 北京的天氣和青島的一樣好。 who has a pen? 誰有鋼筆？ I have one. 我有一支。v考點六：不定代詞 a few, few, a little, little, some, any, many, much, one, none, all, both, neither, either, every, each, other, another等v考點七：復(fù)合不定代詞（形容詞、動詞不定式或else修飾復(fù)合不定代詞時放在其后面）somebody（某人）anybody（任何人）nobody（沒有人）everybody（每人）someone（某人） anyone（任何人）no one（沒有人）everyone（每人）something（某事）anything（任何事） nothing（沒有東西） everything（每一件事）如：Kate, I have something important to tell you. Kate. 我有一些重要的事情要告訴你。 We need two more helpers. Anybody else? 我們還需要多兩個助手，還有其他人嗎？v考點八：疑問代詞1.what與who: what用來詢問職業(yè)；who用來詢問人的身份、姓名。 如： What is yo