高考英語(yǔ)二輪專題復(fù)習(xí)聽(tīng)力理解試題特點(diǎn)分析及解題技巧學(xué)校材料

1、惠南中學(xué)2015屆高三英語(yǔ)第二輪復(fù)習(xí)材料之聽(tīng)力理解試題特點(diǎn)分析及解題技巧一 高考聽(tīng)力測(cè)試題的要求要求考生聽(tīng)懂有關(guān)日常生活中所熟悉話題的簡(jiǎn)短獨(dú)白和對(duì)話?？忌鷳?yīng)能：（1） 理解主旨和要義；（2） 獲取事實(shí)性的具體信息；（3） 對(duì)所聽(tīng)內(nèi)容做出簡(jiǎn)單推斷；（4） 理解說(shuō)話者的意圖、觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度。二 高考聽(tīng)力測(cè)試題的形式高考英語(yǔ)聽(tīng)力測(cè)試約需20分鐘左右，共20個(gè)小題，計(jì)分30分。設(shè)問(wèn)全部是特殊疑問(wèn)句，幾乎涵蓋了所有的疑問(wèn)類型，如：what , who, when, where, why, how, what time, how many, how much, how long, how old, how s

2、oon, how often 等，選項(xiàng)為“3選1”。聽(tīng)力測(cè)試共分兩節(jié)：第一節(jié)是聽(tīng)五段簡(jiǎn)短對(duì)話，每段對(duì)話后僅有一個(gè)選擇題，每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。主要考查考生對(duì)語(yǔ)音、數(shù)字（時(shí)間、日期、號(hào)碼、價(jià)格等）、字母、句子結(jié)構(gòu)及句意等的快速反應(yīng)能力和理解能力。 第二節(jié)包括5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白，共15小題，每段材料播放兩遍。主要考查考生對(duì)較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話或短文的整體理解和把握能力，及對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的歸納綜合能力和判斷推理能力等。三 題型分類與解題技巧1. 談?wù)撛掝}型（主旨要義）題型特點(diǎn)：此類題型的選項(xiàng)基本都屬于名詞結(jié)構(gòu)，主要考查對(duì)于對(duì)話內(nèi)容的整體把握，要求考生能夠領(lǐng)會(huì)談活人所談?wù)摰脑掝}或談?wù)搶?duì)象。問(wèn)題類型：what are the tw

3、o speakers talking about? what are they talking about?what are they arguing about?解題技巧：在這種對(duì)話中，the second speaker在回答the first speaker的問(wèn)題會(huì)加以發(fā)揮，引出與主題相關(guān)但又聯(lián)系松散的信息，聽(tīng)者有可能被誤導(dǎo)，無(wú)意中忽視下主題內(nèi)容。因此一般情況下，對(duì)話討論的主題是the first speaker談到的內(nèi)容。做此類題時(shí)，一定要有清晰的思路，不能只抓住只言片語(yǔ)，而要學(xué)會(huì)從整體出發(fā)，進(jìn)行歸納總結(jié)。例1：w：do you want a day course or an even

4、ing course?m：well，it would have to be an evening course since i work during the day.q：what are the two speakers talking about?a. the choice of courses.b. a day course.c. an evening course.解析：此題要求考生對(duì)談話做出綜合概括，而不僅僅抓住某一事實(shí)。對(duì)話中提到a day course和an evening course，關(guān)于選擇哪一個(gè)，雙方進(jìn)行了問(wèn)答。所以他們談?wù)摰牟皇莄ourse本身，而是the choice

5、 of courses。2. 對(duì)話場(chǎng)景題（地點(diǎn)）題型特點(diǎn)：此類題的書(shū)面選項(xiàng)大都是表示地點(diǎn)或方向的介詞短語(yǔ)，主要考查考生的分析推理能力，即根據(jù)對(duì)話所提供的信息，推斷出對(duì)話所發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)和場(chǎng)景。常見(jiàn)對(duì)話場(chǎng)景：學(xué)校(教室)，醫(yī)院(診所)、機(jī)場(chǎng)、車站、餐館、商店、圖書(shū)館、書(shū)店、郵局、警察局等。問(wèn)題類型：where does the conversation most probably take place?where are the two speakers?where was the crime most probably take place? where does the manwoman wor

6、k?解題技巧：a. 仔細(xì)辨認(rèn)對(duì)話中的語(yǔ)境相關(guān)詞。b. 抓住對(duì)話中表示空間關(guān)系的介詞或介詞短語(yǔ)，它們多與地點(diǎn)和方向有關(guān)。例2：m：you said no room? but you just gave one to a young ladyw：the young lady made a reservation last week.q：where does the conversation most probably take place?a. at an airport b. at a college c. at a hotel解析：對(duì)話中男士想要個(gè)房間，女士聲稱已沒(méi)有房間，卻為另外一位女士做了

7、安排。男土感覺(jué)受到了不公平的對(duì)待，因而提出質(zhì)疑。原來(lái)女士上周已提前預(yù)定。本題的關(guān)鍵在于抓住room 和make a reservation就不難得出正確答案。make a reservation可表示預(yù)定房間、機(jī)票和酒席等。做這類題主要在于對(duì)關(guān)鍵詞的捕捉和對(duì)話整體內(nèi)容的理解。3. 人物關(guān)系及身份題題型特點(diǎn)：此類題的選項(xiàng)一般為表示職業(yè)或身份的名詞或由兩個(gè)名詞構(gòu)成的表示人物關(guān)系的并列詞組。對(duì)話中不會(huì)直接提到某人的職業(yè)或關(guān)系，只會(huì)用一些相關(guān)詞作暗示。主要考查考生能否根據(jù)對(duì)話內(nèi)容、語(yǔ)氣及說(shuō)話者的態(tài)度判斷說(shuō)話人之間的關(guān)系或說(shuō)話人的職業(yè)身份。?？既宋镪P(guān)系：師生、朋友、夫妻、父女、母子、同事、老板與職員、醫(yī)

8、生與病人、司機(jī)與乘客、學(xué)生與老師等。問(wèn)題類型：whats the probable relationship between the two speakers?who is the man(woman)most probably speaking to?what is the man(woman)?what is the mans (womans)joboccupationprofession?解題技巧：a.熟悉常見(jiàn)的職業(yè)相關(guān)詞，抓住了這些與說(shuō)話人職業(yè)相關(guān)的詞，也就等于抓住了關(guān)鍵詞。b. 通過(guò)關(guān)鍵詞并結(jié)合對(duì)話語(yǔ)氣判斷兩人的身份和關(guān)系。例3：w：mr. smith，id like to talk

9、 to you about my compositionwhen will it be convenient?m：what about 4 oclock tomorrow afternoon?q：what is the man?a. student b. librarian. c. teacher.解析：根據(jù)對(duì)話中與身份密切相關(guān)的關(guān)鍵詞mr.和composition以及對(duì)話的話氣可判斷出男士為她的老師。例4：w：how long will it take you to fix my watch?m：ill call you when its readybut it shouldnt take

10、longer than a week.q：what is the probable relationship between the speakers?a. librarian and student b. operator and caller. c. customer and repairman.解析：女士在詢問(wèn)中明確提到了fix my watch男士回答說(shuō)在一周之內(nèi)就可修好，到時(shí)給她打電話。由此可知，此處應(yīng)為修表匠，所以只有，repairman與fix相呼應(yīng)，而其他項(xiàng)中的人物關(guān)系均不包括修理物品這一服務(wù)。而女士則為customer。解答本類題時(shí)，考生應(yīng)注意說(shuō)話人的語(yǔ)氣特征、關(guān)鍵詞以及對(duì)整

11、體內(nèi)容的把握，而不能僅根據(jù)只言片語(yǔ)做出判斷。4. 時(shí)間數(shù)字題 題型特點(diǎn)：此類對(duì)話中出現(xiàn)的數(shù)字有可能是價(jià)格、日期、時(shí)間、數(shù)量、年齡、門(mén)牌號(hào)等。主要考查從讀音辨認(rèn)時(shí)間、數(shù)字的能力以及聽(tīng)清多個(gè)數(shù)據(jù)之間的關(guān)系并進(jìn)行計(jì)算的能力。問(wèn)題類型：what time is it now?/when will the train leave?/whats the price of.? /how long.? /how often.? /how much does.cost?/how many.?解題技巧：解題的關(guān)鍵是聽(tīng)清并記錄對(duì)話中的數(shù)字。具體步驟是在聽(tīng)到數(shù)據(jù)后立即將它記下或在選項(xiàng)中找到，并在選項(xiàng)旁邊記錄相關(guān)信息；

12、然后根據(jù)提問(wèn)選擇適當(dāng)?shù)挠?jì)算方法以得出正確答案。例5：m：whats the time for departure?w：5:30. that only leaves us 15 minutes to go through the customs to find and check our baggageq：at what time did the conversation take place?a. 5:00. b. 5:15. c. 5:30.解析：本題需要考生弄清四個(gè)關(guān)鍵時(shí)間5:30(飛機(jī)起飛時(shí)間)以及l(fā)eaves us 15minutes(距起飛的剩余時(shí)間)，表示早、提前意義的題目一般用減

13、法，即5:300:15=5:15, 因此日前對(duì)話的時(shí)間應(yīng)為5:15。例6：w：heres a ten-dollar billgive me two tickets for tonights show, please.m：suretwo tickets and here is 1.40 changeq：how much does one ticket cost?a. 1.40 b.4.30 c. 8.40解析：此題為混合運(yùn)算題。從對(duì)話可知，女士用10美元買(mǎi)兩張演出票，結(jié)果得到l.40美元的找零，(10-1.40)24.30（美元）。由此題可以看出，含有數(shù)量概念的題，對(duì)話中提到的數(shù)量一般不可能為正

14、確答案，總要進(jìn)行些簡(jiǎn)單的加減運(yùn)算。5. 觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題題型特點(diǎn)：根據(jù)對(duì)話者說(shuō)話的語(yǔ)音、語(yǔ)調(diào)、語(yǔ)氣以及談話內(nèi)容，判斷出說(shuō)話者對(duì)某人、某事物的看法或態(tài)度。問(wèn)題類型：what does the man(woman)say about/think of.?解題技巧：此類題要求考生根據(jù)對(duì)話中的提示詞、語(yǔ)氣、語(yǔ)調(diào)等內(nèi)涵意義，推斷出談話人的意圖和看法。就語(yǔ)調(diào)而言，降調(diào)(尤其是在一般疑問(wèn)句和反意疑問(wèn)句中）通常表示講話人的態(tài)度是肯定、贊同的，而升調(diào)(特別是在陳述句或特殊疑問(wèn)句中表示對(duì)事務(wù)的懷疑、驚訝或否定。例7：m：i paid fifteen dollars for three books. i think th

15、eyre too expensivew：expensive? you shouldnt have said so.q：how did the woman feel about the books price?a. she thought they were expensive.b. she thought they were cheapc. she liked the books.解析：對(duì)話中expensive用了升調(diào)。表示對(duì)此存在疑問(wèn)， 且根據(jù)后一句you shouldnt have said so.(你本不應(yīng)該這樣說(shuō))可知女工認(rèn)為這些書(shū)并不貴。6. 行為活動(dòng)題題型特點(diǎn)：根據(jù)談話內(nèi)容判斷談話

16、一方或雙方做過(guò)、正在做、準(zhǔn)備去做什么或方建議另一方去做什么。問(wèn)題類型：what does the woman suggest the man doing?/what is the man(woman)doing?/what will they do first?/what does the man(woman) intend to do?/what are the speakers going to do?/what are the speakers doing?/whats the man(woman)going to do?解題技巧：此類題型需要考生記錄有關(guān)的提示信息和關(guān)鍵詞，然后根據(jù)句意

17、做出判斷。例8：m：i cant find the key to my car. i need to go for a drive.w：ill look for it laterright now i want you to help fix this shelf before i paint it.q：what will they do first?a. look for the key.b. repair the car.c. fix a shelf.，解析：對(duì)話中提到了四件要做的事：找鑰匙、開(kāi)車外出、修理書(shū)架和給書(shū)架刷漆。對(duì)話中有二處表示動(dòng)作先后關(guān)系的關(guān)鍵詞，一個(gè)是later，表示呆會(huì)兒

18、她來(lái)找鑰匙；另一個(gè)是right now，表示其他事情可以呆會(huì)兒做，但要立刻修理書(shū)架，最后是before(在之前)，由此修書(shū)架在先，刷漆在后。例9: w: i think ill take the half-day tour of the city.m: why not the whole day?q: what does the man suggest? a. touring the city on a fine day.b. visiting the city with a group.c. spending more time on sightseeing解析：對(duì)話中女士說(shuō)她將用個(gè)人的時(shí)間

19、來(lái)游覽這座城市男士則建議說(shuō)：“why not the whole day?意思是：為何不用一整天的時(shí)間(來(lái)游覽這座城市)呢, 顯然男士希望她能多花點(diǎn)時(shí)間來(lái)觀光。 7. 細(xì)節(jié)推斷題 題型特點(diǎn)：說(shuō)話人表達(dá)思想的方式比較含蓄，往往不能為選擇答案提供直接的信息。這就要求考生在聽(tīng)懂對(duì)話的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)對(duì)話中的關(guān)鍵詞、上下文、說(shuō)話人的語(yǔ)氣等，利用邏輯推理去推測(cè)說(shuō)話人的真實(shí)意圖、對(duì)話發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)和時(shí)間，事件發(fā)生的原因等。問(wèn)題類型：what does the man(woman) mean? / what do we learn from the conversation? / why is the woman

20、so happy? / what does the man (woman) imply? / what can be inferred from the conversation?解題技巧：一般可從以下幾個(gè)方面來(lái)考慮：a.從間接回答中理解言外之意。有時(shí)，第二說(shuō)話人針對(duì)問(wèn)題并不做出正面的回答，而是以間接的方式式回答提出的問(wèn)題。b. 推測(cè)原因或結(jié)果。因果題型較為容易，考生只需按照聽(tīng)力題的常規(guī)方法，即瀏覽選項(xiàng)，預(yù)測(cè)考點(diǎn)，細(xì)聽(tīng)原文，做出推測(cè)就可以了。需注意的是，出于禮貌，有時(shí)說(shuō)話人不直接講出不能做某事的原因，而是先以肯定的形式表示贊同，然后再利用轉(zhuǎn)折詞直接說(shuō)出原因。c. 從短語(yǔ)的內(nèi)涵意義中理解說(shuō)話人的

21、真實(shí)含義。 例10：w: where were you on christmas, david? i called you several times and nobody was home.m: my parents and i traveled to australia to visit my uncle. it was quite an experience to spend christmas in summer.q: what do we learn from this conversation?a. the man went to australia during christma

22、s.b. the man visited australia during the summer vacation.c. the man didnt have a good time because of the different weather.解析：圣誕節(jié)在每年的12月25日，這個(gè)時(shí)間在南半球正好是全年最熱的時(shí)候，也就是澳大利亞的夏天。從對(duì)話中我們無(wú)法推斷出david是否是學(xué)生，且只提到summer而不一定就是summer vacation。由此無(wú)法肯定b是否正確；根據(jù)男士提到的“it was quite an experience”可知。他在澳大利亞過(guò)得很愉快,由此可排除c顯然與對(duì)話內(nèi)

23、容不符。例11：w: when can the doctor see me?m: he wont be free until tomorrow.q: what does the man mean? a. the doctor wont see her tomorrow. b. the doctor is busy tomorrow.c. the doctor is busy all day today.解析：本題中男士用not.until.（直到才)句型強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間，指出知道明天才有時(shí)間與女士見(jiàn)面，同時(shí)也暗示今天忙，沒(méi)時(shí)間。a和b內(nèi)容相似, 答案不可能有兩個(gè)，故可排除，只有c與對(duì)話內(nèi)容相符， 即個(gè)

24、人忙，明天才有時(shí)間。四 “考點(diǎn)”所在(1) 轉(zhuǎn)折是考點(diǎn)：說(shuō)話時(shí)，一般先陳述別人的觀點(diǎn)、看法，然后用一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)折來(lái)敘述自己的想法。因此，轉(zhuǎn)折之后常成為聽(tīng)力考試的考點(diǎn)，考生必須要緊抓轉(zhuǎn)折后面的內(nèi)容，才能準(zhǔn)確答題。如： 例如：w: lets hurry up. m: why? w: class starts at 8:10. m: but theres twenty minutes left. q: what time is it now? a. 7:50. b. 8:10. c. 8:30. 根據(jù) but 后面的內(nèi)容就可推斷出答案為 a。 (2) 建議、看法是考點(diǎn)：有時(shí)，對(duì)話的一方感到憂慮不安，另一方

25、提出建議，而這個(gè)建議往往就是考點(diǎn)，考生可不要忽視。如： q: what will they do? 聽(tīng)力材料： w: oh, dear. what should i do? m: lets go over to ask the policeman. 不難看出，他們將去找警察。 (3) 否定是考點(diǎn)：對(duì)否定的考查，主要體現(xiàn)在兩個(gè)方面：一是考查對(duì)不同的觀點(diǎn)、看法的理解；二是對(duì)形式否定而實(shí)則肯定的理解。如： what does the man think of the hotel? a. too simple. b. best here. c. very poor. 聽(tīng)力材料： w: the hote

26、l is a little too simple. m: however, you cant find a better one here. 從 cantbetter 可知，男士認(rèn)為它在這個(gè)地方已經(jīng)是最好的了，所以答案選 b。 (4) 虛擬語(yǔ)氣是考點(diǎn)：虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示與客觀事實(shí)相反或相違背的情況?？隙ǖ奶摂M語(yǔ)氣表示否定的意義，而否定的虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示肯定的事實(shí)，對(duì)它的理解常是聽(tīng)力考試的考點(diǎn)。如： q: what happened to the man? a. he was chosen. b. he was not chosen. c. he would have been chosen. 聽(tīng)力材料：

27、 had you not made such a mistake, you would have been chosen, too. 根據(jù)聽(tīng)力材料的語(yǔ)氣可知答案選 b. (5) 數(shù)字是考點(diǎn)：數(shù)字是聽(tīng)力考試的重要方面，主要包括時(shí)間、年齡、距離、日期、年代、人數(shù)、金額、速度、價(jià)格、電話號(hào)碼、門(mén)牌號(hào)碼、車牌號(hào)碼、郵政編碼、街道號(hào)碼等。 (6) 情況、結(jié)論是考點(diǎn)：某人或某事的情況以及對(duì)發(fā)生這種情況的結(jié)論都可成為聽(tīng)力考試中的考點(diǎn)。聽(tīng)力考試時(shí)，就要注意對(duì)情況、結(jié)論的把握。 (7) 比較等級(jí)是考點(diǎn)：事物間的比較常是聽(tīng)力考試的考點(diǎn)，在聽(tīng)的過(guò)程中，必須注意形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的應(yīng)用。 (8)并列、遞進(jìn)是考點(diǎn)：聽(tīng)力考試中常對(duì)并列的事物、遞進(jìn)的關(guān)系進(jìn)行考查。因此，考生在聽(tīng)的過(guò)程中，應(yīng)根據(jù)情況把握 and, or 等連接的事物以及對(duì)whats more, whats worse的理解。 (9)舉例是考點(diǎn)：為了把問(wèn)題說(shuō)明得清楚、明白，常用舉例說(shuō)明，而舉例就成為了聽(tīng)力考試的考點(diǎn)。考試時(shí)，考生就得注意for example, such as, for instance,