初高中銜接基礎(chǔ)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)PPT課件

1、冠詞 a ; the ; 零冠詞；泛指，類指，特指2.名詞 種類；數(shù)；格；句子成分3.代詞 人稱，物主，反身，指示，不定，疑問(wèn)（關(guān)系，連接，相互）4.形容詞 種類，比較等級(jí)，成分，順序，位置，倍數(shù)的表達(dá)5.副詞 種類，位置，比較等級(jí)6.動(dòng)詞：時(shí)態(tài)，語(yǔ)態(tài)，虛擬語(yǔ)氣，倒裝，主謂一致，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，省略，短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞7.數(shù)詞 序數(shù)詞，基數(shù)詞8.介詞 種類，句子成分9.連詞 并列連詞，從屬連詞10.感嘆詞第1頁(yè)/共18頁(yè)名詞物質(zhì)名詞集體名詞個(gè)體名詞專有名詞普通名詞不可數(shù) 名詞抽象名詞可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)看情況常看做復(fù)數(shù)?？醋霾豢蓴?shù)名詞的種類第2頁(yè)/共18頁(yè)代詞代詞第3頁(yè)/共18頁(yè)人稱代詞物主代詞關(guān)系代詞見(jiàn)

2、定語(yǔ)從句反身代詞相互代詞指示代詞疑問(wèn)代詞不定代詞連接代詞見(jiàn)名詞性從句it主格賓格形容詞性名詞性單數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)Each other one anotherThis that these those such same指人指物代詞， 形主，賓， 強(qiáng)調(diào)句，I you he she it we you theyme you him her it us you themMy your his her its our your theirMine yours his hers its ours yours theirs Myself yourself himself herself itself Ourselv

3、es yourselves themselvesWho whom whose whoeverWhat which whose whatever whicheverAll both every each either neither little few much many another other some any one no something anything everything somebody everybody everyone anybody nobody no one anyone nothing none 第4頁(yè)/共18頁(yè)形容詞形容詞第5頁(yè)/共18頁(yè)SunRainWind

4、CloudFriendCareInterestUse掌握下列名詞和形容詞的轉(zhuǎn)化sunnyrainywindycloudycarefulinterestingfriendlyuseful第6頁(yè)/共18頁(yè)復(fù)合形容詞的構(gòu)成1.副詞詞干+分詞 hard-working勤勞的bravely-fighting勇敢戰(zhàn)斗的 well-known2.名詞詞干+過(guò)去分詞man-made snow-covered3.名詞+現(xiàn)在分詞time-consuming耗時(shí)的 energy-savinggrass-eating peace-loving 愛(ài)好和平的4.名詞+形容詞world-famous snow-white

5、life-long第7頁(yè)/共18頁(yè)5.數(shù)詞+名詞 five-star ten-year two-man兩人的6.數(shù)詞+名詞-edthree-legged four-storeyed ten-speed十速的7.數(shù)詞+名詞+形容詞five-year-old 500-meter-long8.形容詞+過(guò)去分詞ready-made clean-washed9.形容詞+名詞-edkind-hearted cold-blooded warm-bloodedmiddle-aged short-sighted absent-minded10.形容詞+現(xiàn)在分詞ordinary-looking funny-loo

6、king sweet-smelling11.形容詞+形容詞 red-hot熾熱的 dark-blue 深藍(lán)的第8頁(yè)/共18頁(yè)副副 詞詞第9頁(yè)/共18頁(yè)副詞的構(gòu)成real really如: Strong strongly詞尾是y的要把y變?yōu)閕再加 ly,如:busy busily happy happily第10頁(yè)/共18頁(yè)有幾個(gè)特殊的要去e后再加-ly或y,如:true truly terrible -terribly以e結(jié)尾的,大部分直接加-ly, 如:wide widely brave bravely 第11頁(yè)/共18頁(yè)動(dòng) 詞注意轉(zhuǎn)化詞：concern; thunder; pack; ti

7、p; dislike注意不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞P103第12頁(yè)/共18頁(yè)數(shù)詞 基數(shù)詞：One; two; three; four 序數(shù)詞：first；second; third; forth 分?jǐn)?shù)；one third; two fifths 百分?jǐn)?shù)：twenty percent 倍數(shù)：1times as +形容詞/副詞原級(jí)+as 2times+ the+性質(zhì)名詞+ of 3times +形容詞比較級(jí)+than第13頁(yè)/共18頁(yè)介 詞inthroughaboveacrossonbeneathfrombelowaround第14頁(yè)/共18頁(yè)時(shí)間介詞：1. at in on by2. in after3. fo

8、r from since工具， 手段，方式介詞： by, in, on原因介詞 because of, due to, thanks to重難點(diǎn)介詞及短語(yǔ)：by； withTo ones 情感名詞 = to the 情感名詞 of sbof + 抽象名詞=形容詞第15頁(yè)/共18頁(yè)1 about, on, of表示關(guān)于2 for, of 表示不定式復(fù)合句結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)3 on, in 表示處于某種狀態(tài)4 besides, except, but, other than, except for5 in, of表示比較的范圍6 for, to表示后置的間接賓語(yǔ)7 形容詞后的for, to8 to, f