高考英語復習閱讀理解主旨大意題

1、1、細節(jié)理解題、細節(jié)理解題 (questions of details)2、詞義猜測題、詞義猜測題 (words in context)3、推理判斷題、推理判斷題 (questions of inference)4、主旨歸納題、主旨歸納題 (main idea)4、主旨歸納題、主旨歸納題 (main idea)question forms:1.主題類主題類（1).the main idea of the passage is _. (2). the passage is mainly about _. (3). what is the passage mainly about? (4). wh

2、ich of the following statement can best summarize/ sum up the main idea of the passage? (5). whats the main point/main idea/central thought of the passage?question forms:2.標題類標題類 （1).the best title/headline for this passage might be_. (2).the text (passage) could be entitled _. (3).what is the best

3、title for the passage? (4).which of the following would be suitable as a title for the passage?3.作者意圖類作者意圖類 (1).the authors main purpose in writing the passage is _.(2).the passage is meant to _.(3).the purpose of this article is _.(4). the authors purpose is to show _.查找主旨、標題時，注意最基本、查找主旨、標題時，注意最基本、

4、 最具有概括力的信息。最具有概括力的信息。1.choose the most general word.a) chemist b) physicist c) scientist d) biologist 2.choose the most general sentence. a) the hotel offers complimentary coffee from 7 to 10 a.m. daily. b) there are many reasons why guests feel at home at the glorietta bay inn. c) the coin-operated

5、 laundry room has an ironing board. d) there are a number of extra services at the glorietta bay inn including baby-sitting. 1 english is clearly an international language. it is spoken by pilots and airport control operators on all the airways of the world. over 70 percent of the worlds radio progr

6、ams are in english. find the topic sentence2.let us consider how voice training may contribute to personality development and an improved social adjustment. in the first place, it has been fairly well established that individuals tend to become what they believe other people think them to be. when p

7、eople react more favorably toward us because our voices convey the impression that we are friendly, competent, and interesting, there is a strong tendency for us to develop those qualities in our personality. if we are treated with respect by others, we soon come to have more respect for ourselves.

8、then, too, ones own consciousness of having a pleasant, effective voice of which he does not need to be ashamed contributes materially to a feeling of poise（泰然自若）, self-confidence, and a just pride in himself. a good voice, like good clothes can do much for an ego（自我） that otherwise might be incline

9、d to droop（萎靡）. the title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is:a) our ego b) the reflection of our personality c) how to acquire a pleasant voice d) voice training in personality development tip 1:at the beginning 主題句主題句( topic sentence)在段首在段首:一個主題句常常是一個主題句常常是一個段落的開頭，其后的句子則是論證性細節(jié)。在一個段落的開

10、頭，其后的句子則是論證性細節(jié)。在議議論文，科技文獻和新聞報道論文，科技文獻和新聞報道中多采用這種格式。中多采用這種格式。 3. some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. others prefer to be left to work on their own(by themselves) . still others like a democratic(民主的民主的) discussion type of class. no one teaching method can be devis

11、ed(design) to satisfy all students at the same time. 4. handshaking, though a european practice, is now often seen in big cities of china. it is said that long long ago in europe when people met, they showed their unarmed (無武器的無武器的) hands to each other as a sign of goodwill. as time went on and trad

12、e in cities grew rapidly, people in cities began to clap each others hands to make a deal or to reach an agreement. this practice was later changed into shaking hands among friends on meeting or leaving each other. “l(fā)ets shake (hands) on it” sometimes means agreement reached. do the europeans shake

13、hands wherever they go and with whomever they meet? no. sometimes the chinese abroad reach out their hands too often to be polite. it is really very impolite to give your hand when the other party, especially when it is a woman, shows little interest in shaking hands with you and when the meeting do

14、es not mean anything to him or her. even if, for politeness, he holds out his unwilling hand in answer to your uninvited hand, just touch it slightly. there is generally a misunderstanding(誤解誤解) among the chinese that westerners are usually open and straightforward, while the chinese are rather rese

15、rved (保守的保守的) in manner. but in fact some people in western countries are more reserved than some chinese today. so it is a good idea to shake hands with a westerner only when he shows interest in further relations with you. 67. the main purpose of the text is_.a. to tell us some differences between

16、 the east and the westb. to offer us some important facts about handshakingc. to introduce us to some different customs in the westd. to give us some advice before we travel abroadtip 2: at the end 主題句在段尾。主題句在段尾。作者先擺出事實依據(jù)作者先擺出事實依據(jù), 層層推理論證層層推理論證, 最后自然得出結論最后自然得出結論, 即段落的主題。本段的中心思想在即段落的主題。本段的中心思想在結尾句得到體

17、現(xiàn)結尾句得到體現(xiàn),它是此段內(nèi)容的結論。它是此段內(nèi)容的結論。 5. we surveyed local residents in three university towns throughout the state to find out their opinions on the students in those towns. we questioned over three thousand people and found that since our last survey three years ago, attitudes towards students have change

18、d considerably. “l(fā)azy” “scruffy” and “bad-mannered” was how more than 40% of those questioned described students， up from 22% in the last survey. this year only 25% considered students to be “polite” and “friendly” compared with 39% three years ago. overall, 49% considered students to be a positive

19、part of the town compared to 58% last time. 3. 有些段落的主題句被安排在段落的中間有些段落的主題句被安排在段落的中間 since our last survey three years ago, attitudes towards students have changed considerably.passage d 6. if you were planning to buy a television set, the following advertisement would certainly draw your attention: “c

20、olor tv. only 79. two days sale. hurry.” however, when you go to the store ready to buy. you may discover that they are sold out. but the shop assistant is quick to tell you that he has another model, a much better set which is “just right for you”. it costs 395. this sales method is called “bait an

21、d switch”. buyers are baited with a sales advertisement, and then they are switched to another more expensive one. buying items on sale needs careful consideration of the goods and the reason for the sale. the paragraph could be entitled _. a. buying a tv set b. a selling method c. buyer beware d. t

22、v on sale (detail)(detail)(detail)an example( detail)effects the topic sentence is in the middle of the passage.tip 3: at the middle主題句在段中。主題句在段中。開段的句子作為引題，而主題則由開段的句子作為引題，而主題則由隨之引出的句子來表達。為了闡明主題思想，在主題隨之引出的句子來表達。為了闡明主題思想，在主題句后，仍有一些句子陳述細節(jié)。其層次為：引題句后，仍有一些句子陳述細節(jié)。其層次為：引題-主題主題-解釋（細節(jié)）。解釋（細節(jié)）。7.good manners a

23、re important in all countries, but ways of expressing good manners are different from country to country. americans eat with knives and forks; japanese eat with chopsticks. americans say “hi” when they meet; japanese bow. many american men open doors for women; japanese men do not. on the surface在表面

24、上在表面上 , it appears that good manners in america are not good manners in japan, and in a way this is true. but in any country, the only manners that are important are those involving one persons behavior toward another person. in all countries it is good manners to behave considerately towards others

25、 and bad manners not to. it is only the way of behaving politely that differs from country to country. 8. theres as an old saying: “a coward （懦夫）（懦夫） dies many times; a hero dies but once.” so it is with newspaperstheir death has been predicted many times, but they are still with us. but will they b

26、e with us forever? newspapers have survived as long as they have because they can bring an in-depth coverage of issues that require time and consideration. readers go to newspapers to learn about complex issues. reputable newspapers become opinion leaders in their editorial and commentary columns, q

27、uite apart from their ability to investigate issues and become breakers of important news. however, the threat of the internet is likely to prove profound. many young people now turn to the web for news. however much radio and television led the attack on the newspaper as a news source, one of its m

28、ain sources of income advertisings remained intact （未受影響的）（未受影響的）. not only does the web take readers, it also takes advertising. many newspapermen see the threat of the web as being of a new kind. some publications will go under, but those which serve specialized markets and which are commercially

29、solid will survive. the death of the newspaper has been predicted many times, but the newspaper is still with us and is likely to remain so. theres as an old saying: “a coward （懦夫）（懦夫） dies many times; a hero dies but once.” so it is with newspaperstheir death has been predicted many times, but they

30、 are still with us. but will they be with us forever? newspapers have survived as long as they have because they can bring an in-depth coverage of issues that require time and consideration. readers go to newspapers to learn about complex issues. reputable newspapers become opinion leaders in their

31、editorial and commentary columns, quite apart from their ability to investigate issues and become breakers of important news. however, the threat of the internet is likely to prove profound. many young people now turn to the web for news. however much radio and television led the attack on the newsp

32、aper as a news source, one of its main sources of income advertisings remained intact （未受影響的）（未受影響的）. not only does the web take readers, it also takes advertising. many newspapermen see the threat of the web as being of a new kind. some publications will go under, but those which serve specialized

33、markets and which are commercially solid will survive. the death of the newspaper has been predicted many times, but the newspaper is still with us and is likely to remain so. what might be the most suitable title for the text? a. the newspaper vs the web b. why do people read newspaper? c. what do

34、you like to read? d. death of the newspaper?tip 4: at both the beginning and the endthis paragraph begins with a topic sentence and ends with a restatement of the same topic sentece在在文章開頭和結尾文章開頭和結尾 :首尾呼應，為突出主題首尾呼應，為突出主題, 作者先提出主作者先提出主題題, 結尾時再次點出主題結尾時再次點出主題, 這種首尾呼應的寫作方式常用這種首尾呼應的寫作方式常用于于記敘文，議論文記敘文，議論文，

35、但前后表述主題的句子不是簡單的重，但前后表述主題的句子不是簡單的重復復, 后面的表述往往有進一步的引申或發(fā)展的意味。后面的表述往往有進一步的引申或發(fā)展的意味。topic sentence& paragraphother info.other info.topic sentence& paragraphtopic sentence &paragraphother & exampletopic sentence & paragraphtopic sentence & paragraphexample & other inf

36、o if there is no topic sentence in the passage, what should we do to get the main idea or choose the best title? sometimes there is no topic sentence in the passage.summarize the main idea in our own words and then choose the best title.three main steps: first, get the main idea of each paragraph. s

37、econd, summarize the main idea in our own words, according to the structure of the passage. third, compare it with the choices to see which one is the best. 9. tom studied four years at the university of paris and decided to leave before his graduation. he transferred to the university of berlin and

38、 graduated with honors. harvard law school and, later, boston college provided him with an excellent legal background. he is presently a corporation lawyer in miami, florida.the main idea of this paragraph is that _.partial detailsa. tom, who had studied at paris universities for four years, moved t

39、o another university.b. tom became a lawyer since his graduation from harvard law school and later from boston college.c. tom was an excellent student when he studied at berlin university.d. tom received an excellent education.tip 5: no specific topic sentence, so readers should summarize from all t

40、he details.從段落中歸納要點抓大意從段落中歸納要點抓大意.有些文章無明確的主題句有些文章無明確的主題句.這就這就要求考生在閱讀過程中根據(jù)文中所敘述的事實細節(jié)來概括要求考生在閱讀過程中根據(jù)文中所敘述的事實細節(jié)來概括總結主旨大意?？偨Y主旨大意。注意：注意：1. 不能以偏概全不能以偏概全. 2. 不能過于寬泛，要恰如其分。不能過于寬泛，要恰如其分。 3. 注意多次出現(xiàn)的高頻詞或主題詞注意多次出現(xiàn)的高頻詞或主題詞d e t a i l sparagraph ideaspassage idea1 magellans men were the first to make the trip aro

41、und the world. it took them more than two years to do so by ship.2 magellan was from portugal, but he sailed for the king of spain. on september 20, 1519, he left spain with five ships and 240 men. after passing the trip of south america, they reached the pacific ocean, on which they sailed more tha

42、n one year. very often they could not see a piece of land for months and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh water. many of them died of hunger and diseases. they even had to live on sawdust. finally in april 1521, magellan got to the philippine islands, where he was killed. his me

43、n fled and continued their voyage across the indian ocean. it was with the greatest difficulty that they passed the cape of good hope. by the time they returned to spain on december 21,1521, seven out of every eight men had died.3 magellans voyage proved that men could sail around the world and that

44、 our earth is but a huge ball. which of the following do you think is the best title for this passage?magellans death.going around the world.the world is round.a. magellans voyage.101 magellans men were the first to make the trip around the world. it took them more than two years to do so by ship.ma

45、gellans voyage was the first trip around the world .2 magellan was from portugal, but he sailed for the king of spain. on september 20, 1519, he left spain with five ships and 240 men. after passing the tip of south america, they reached the pacific ocean, on which they sailed more than one year. ve

46、ry often they could not see a piece of land for months and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh water. many of them died of hunger and diseases. they even had to live on sawdust. finally in april 1521, magellan got to the philippine islands, where he was killed. his men fled and con

47、tinued their voyage across the indian ocean. it was with the greatest difficulty that they passed the cape of good hope. by the time they returned to spain on december 21,1521, seven out of every eight men had died.the process of magellans long and difficult voyage3 magellans voyage proved that men

48、could sail around the world and that our earth is but a huge ball.magellans voyage proved the earth is round.1 magellans men were the first to make the trip around the world. it took them more than two years to do so by ship.2 magellan was from portugal, but he sailed for the king of spain. on septe

49、mber 20, 1519, he left spain with five ships and 240 men. after passing the trip of south america, they reached the pacific ocean, on which they sailed more than one year. very often they could not see a piece of land for months and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh water. many o

50、f them died of hunger and diseases. they even had to live on sawdust. finally in april 1521, magellan got to the philippine islands, where he was killed. his men fled and continued their voyage across the indian ocean. it was with the greatest difficulty that they passed the cape of good hope. by th

51、e time they returned to spain on december 21,1521, seven out of every eight men had died.3 magellans voyage proved that men could sail around the world and that our earth is but a huge ball. paragraph 1:magellans voyage was the first trip around the world .paragraph 2:the process of magellans long d

52、ifficult voyageparagraph 3: magellans voyaged proved the earth is round.magellans voyagemagellans men were the first to make the trip around the world. it took them more than two years to do so by ship.magellan was from portugal, but he sailed for the king of spain. on september 20, 1519, he left sp

53、ain with five ships and 240 men. after passing the trip of south america, they reached the pacific ocean, on which they sailed more than one year. very often they could not see a piece of land for months and they suffered greatly from the lack of food and fresh water. many of them died of hunger and

54、 diseases. they even had to live on sawdust. finally in april 1521, magellan got to the philippine islands, where he was killed. his men fled and continued their voyage across the indian ocean. it was with the greatest difficulty that they passed the cape of good hope. by the time they returned to s

55、pain on december 21,1521, seven out of every eight men had died.magellans voyage proved that men could sail around the world and that our earth is but a huge ball.which of the following do you think is the best title for this passage?a. magellans death.b. going around the world.c. the world is round

56、.d. magellans voyage.(too narrow)(too narrow)(too broad)(just proper)at the beginningat the endin the middleat both the beginning and the end命題類命題類主題句在文主題句在文章或段落中章或段落中的位置的位置no clear topic sentenceat the beginningat the endtypes of paragraph structurestypethe position of the topic sentenceinformation

57、 wordsat the beginningat the endin the middleno clear topic sentencebesides,for exampleso, therefore,sum them up by yourselfbut, however, actuallysummary:主旨大意題的干擾項(錯誤選項)有3種： l1. 概括范圍太窄，只表達局部信息或某一細概括范圍太窄，只表達局部信息或某一細節(jié)，不能概括整篇文章的主旨大意。節(jié)，不能概括整篇文章的主旨大意。 l2. 概括范圍太寬，所表達的內(nèi)容超出或多于概括范圍太寬，所表達的內(nèi)容超出或多于文章闡述的內(nèi)容。文章闡述的

58、內(nèi)容。 l3. 無關信息：即文章中未提到、或找不到語無關信息：即文章中未提到、或找不到語言依據(jù)的信息。言依據(jù)的信息。 主要內(nèi)容型 這種類型的題的關鍵是找到主題句 （topic sentence）。主題句通常在文首、文末或首尾呼應，有時也在文中，或者沒有主題句，需要根據(jù)文章所述內(nèi)容進行歸納。各段的主題句也常在該段的句首或尾句。議論文和說明文一般有主題句，但記敘文通常沒有主題句，需要歸納。三、解題技巧三、解題技巧文首：文首：新聞報道、議論文新聞報道、議論文文末：文末：記敘文記敘文說明文說明文:文中：例子文中：例子/假設假設例子例子/假設后假設后進入主題進入主題沒有主題句：沒有主題句：找找反復出現(xiàn)反

59、復出現(xiàn)的詞語的詞語判斷文章體判斷文章體裁很重要！裁很重要！找主題句的小竅門 1) 首段出現(xiàn)疑問句時，對該問題的回答很可能首段出現(xiàn)疑問句時，對該問題的回答很可能就是文章主旨；就是文章主旨； 首段出現(xiàn)具體例子或假設時，例子或假設后面的首段出現(xiàn)具體例子或假設時，例子或假設后面的內(nèi)容往往就是主旨。內(nèi)容往往就是主旨。 2) 作者有意識地反復重復的觀點，通常是主旨；作者有意識地反復重復的觀點，通常是主旨；反復出現(xiàn)的詞語，一般為體現(xiàn)文章主旨的關鍵反復出現(xiàn)的詞語，一般為體現(xiàn)文章主旨的關鍵詞；詞； 3) 段落中出現(xiàn)表轉折的詞語（如段落中出現(xiàn)表轉折的詞語（如however, thus, in fact, actu

60、ally等）時，該句很可能是主題句；等）時，該句很可能是主題句； 例題一例題一 widespread media coverage has been given to a new pill to prevent heart disease and stroke. the sun said the pill, called ateronon, “could save thousands of lives”. the daily telegraph said that the new product contains a natural thing found in tomatoes that is a powerful antioxidant.