過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)

1、grammarpast participle used as attribute and predicativetask onelook at the following story and find the usage of past participle (“-ed”)storyla boy called tom went to the cinema one night. it was a horror film, but he was interested in it. sometimes he felt excited, sometimes he felt frightened. af

2、ter the film, the tired boy came back home. once home, the exhausted boykey pointsl“-ed” can be used as _ and be put before or after the noun that it modifies. eg. tired/exhausted/excited boy a boy called toml“ed” can also be put after the link-verbs (be, feel, become, get, seem) and used as _ . eg.

3、 be interested in feel excited/frightenedattributepredicativetask twocan you find out the position of “ed” used as attribute from these examples?linjured fingers 一個(gè)受傷的手指一個(gè)受傷的手指 a finger injured in the accidentlspoken english 英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ) a language spoken by many peoplelwritten exercises 書(shū)面練習(xí)書(shū)面練習(xí) a book

4、 written by lu xunkey pointslsingle “-ed” word is usually used _ the noun it modifies.l單個(gè)過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)常放在它所修飾的名詞之單個(gè)過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)常放在它所修飾的名詞之前。前。l“-ed” phrase is usually used _the noun it modifies.l過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)常放在它所修飾的名詞之過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)常放在它所修飾的名詞之后。后。afterbeforetask three please find more examples in the reading passage o

5、f each usage.attributelso many thousands of terrified people died lsoon the affected person died. lhe immediately told the astonished people in broad street lthat polluted water carried the virus.lhelp ordinary people exposed to cholera.lhe found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty wat

6、er from london. predicativelbut he became inspired when he thought about help ordinary people exposed to cholera.lhe became interested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.lhe was determined to find out why.過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)總結(jié)過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)總結(jié)一、過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)一、過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)1.1.單個(gè)的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)一般兼有單個(gè)的

7、過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)一般兼有被動(dòng)和完成被動(dòng)和完成的意義，常作前置定語(yǔ)的意義，常作前置定語(yǔ)( preposed attribute )。 eg. terrified people 受到驚嚇的人們受到驚嚇的人們 polluted water 被污染的水被污染的水 a closed door 關(guān)閉的門關(guān)閉的門注意注意： -ed作前置定語(yǔ)時(shí)，有時(shí)只有被動(dòng)意義。作前置定語(yǔ)時(shí)，有時(shí)只有被動(dòng)意義。 eg. spoken english 英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ) written exercises 書(shū)面練習(xí)書(shū)面練習(xí)一、過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)一、過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)少數(shù)表示位移或狀態(tài)改變的不及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)少數(shù)表示位移或狀態(tài)改變的不及物動(dòng)詞

8、的過(guò)去分詞做前置定語(yǔ)時(shí)只有完成的意義去分詞做前置定語(yǔ)時(shí)只有完成的意義 fallen leaves 落葉落葉 the risen sun 升起來(lái)的太陽(yáng)升起來(lái)的太陽(yáng) the developed countries 發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家 a returned student 一名留學(xué)生一名留學(xué)生 a retired teacher 一名退休教師一名退休教師一、過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)一、過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)2.2.過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)，表示被動(dòng)和完成意義過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)，表示被動(dòng)和完成意義。 eg. the books written by lu xun are popular魯迅寫(xiě)的書(shū)很受歡迎。魯迅寫(xiě)的書(shū)很受歡迎。

9、well go to visit the bridge built hundreds of years ago 我們要去看那座建于幾百年前的橋我們要去看那座建于幾百年前的橋。 he found that it came from the river polluted by the dirty water. 他發(fā)現(xiàn)它來(lái)自被臟水污染的河里。他發(fā)現(xiàn)它來(lái)自被臟水污染的河里。一、過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)一、過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)3. 過(guò)去分詞可作非限制性定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于省過(guò)去分詞可作非限制性定語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于省略式的定語(yǔ)從句。略式的定語(yǔ)從句。 e.g the books, (which were) written by lu xu

10、n, were very popular. the bridge, (which was) built in 1999, is very beautiful.現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞做定現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別語(yǔ)的區(qū)別l現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)，過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)。l現(xiàn)在分詞表示進(jìn)行，過(guò)去分詞表示狀態(tài)或完成?，F(xiàn)在分詞表示進(jìn)行，過(guò)去分詞表示狀態(tài)或完成。 boiling water 正在燒正在燒(煮沸煮沸)的水的水 boiled water 已煮沸的水已煮沸的水 developing countries 發(fā)展中國(guó)家發(fā)展中國(guó)家 developed countries 發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)

11、家發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家 falling leaves 落葉落葉(正在進(jìn)行正在進(jìn)行) fallen leaves 落葉落葉(已經(jīng)完成已經(jīng)完成)現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞做定現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別語(yǔ)的區(qū)別the boy killing the dog is her brother. the boy killed by the man is her brother.考題練練看考題練練看1.the olympic games,_ in 776 b.c., did not include women players until 1912. a. first played b. to be first played

12、c. first playing d. to be first playing解析：解析：a first played in 776b.c. = which was first played in 776 b.c.l現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)表示動(dòng)作正在發(fā)生正在發(fā)生，與修，與修飾詞是飾詞是主謂關(guān)系主謂關(guān)系。l不定式作定語(yǔ)表示不定式作定語(yǔ)表示將要發(fā)生將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。的動(dòng)作?？碱}練練看考題練練看2.most of the artists _ to the party were from south africa. a. invited b. to invite c. being invi

13、ted d. had been invited 解析：解析：a 考查過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)，與所考查過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)，與所修飾的名詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。修飾的名詞之間是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。考題練練看考題練練看3. dont use words, expressions or phrases _ only to people with specific knowledge. a. being known b. having been known c. to be known d. known解析：解析：d考題練練看考題練練看4. i dont know the girl _ in the snow storm.

14、 a. to catch b. caught c. catching d. to be catching 解析：解析：b 小女孩被困在暴風(fēng)雪中，所小女孩被困在暴風(fēng)雪中，所以應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。以應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞作后置定語(yǔ)。 二、二、過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)1.1.過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，表示主語(yǔ)的過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，表示主語(yǔ)的感受感受或或所處的狀態(tài)。所處的狀態(tài)。 no wonder he was so excited.l可以用作表語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)的過(guò)去分詞有：可以用作表語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)的過(guò)去分詞有： delighted, disappointed, upset, astonished, excited, fright

15、ened, interested, puzzled, exhausted, satisfied, inspired, surprised, pleased二、二、過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)2.許多動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞已經(jīng)被當(dāng)許多動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞已經(jīng)被當(dāng)作形容詞使用。如：作形容詞使用。如：broken, disappointed, excited, moved, puzzled, pleased, surprised, lost等。等。 過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)與被過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的區(qū)別動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的區(qū)別l-ed作表語(yǔ)主要表示動(dòng)作的作表語(yǔ)主要表示動(dòng)作的完成完成和和狀態(tài)狀態(tài)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞；，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞

16、；l被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的過(guò)去分詞被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的過(guò)去分詞動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞意味很強(qiáng)意味很強(qiáng),句子主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作的承受者，后面常句子主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作的承受者，后面常跟跟by短語(yǔ)。短語(yǔ)。 the glass is broken. the glass was broken by tom.過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)與作表語(yǔ)與現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在分詞在分詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別l-ing表主動(dòng)與進(jìn)行，常用于表示事物表主動(dòng)與進(jìn)行，常用于表示事物的性質(zhì)，漢語(yǔ)常翻譯為的性質(zhì)，漢語(yǔ)常翻譯為“(某事某事/物物)使使人人,令人令人” ；l-ed 含有被動(dòng)的意思，經(jīng)常用于說(shuō)明含有被動(dòng)的意思，經(jīng)常用于說(shuō)明人的感覺(jué)，漢語(yǔ)常譯為人的感覺(jué)，漢語(yǔ)常譯為“(某人某人)感感到到”。

17、eg. what he said was encouraging. we were encouraged at what he said.-ed作表語(yǔ)與作表語(yǔ)與-ing作表語(yǔ)作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別的區(qū)別此類詞常見(jiàn)的有：此類詞常見(jiàn)的有：lsurprising, surprised; exciting, excited; interesting, interested; astonishing, astonished; encouraging, encouraged; disappointing, disappointed; satisfying, satisfied; inspiring, inspire

18、d; pleasing, pleased; tiring, tired; boring, bored.考題練練看考題練練看1. mr. smith, _ of the _ speech, started to read a novel. a. tired; boring b. tiring; bored c. tired; bored d. tiring; boring 解析：解析： a。第一空應(yīng)填。第一空應(yīng)填tired，來(lái)源于，來(lái)源于系表結(jié)構(gòu)系表結(jié)構(gòu)be tired of；第二空表令人；第二空表令人感到枯燥的，應(yīng)填現(xiàn)在分詞感到枯燥的，應(yīng)填現(xiàn)在分詞boring。 考題練練看考題練練看2. cl

19、eaning women in big cities usually get _by the hour. a. pay b. paying c. paid d. to pay 解析：解析：c 該題考查分詞作表語(yǔ)的用該題考查分詞作表語(yǔ)的用法法?！皌o pay sb by the hour” 計(jì)時(shí)給某人報(bào)酬。此題被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)計(jì)時(shí)給某人報(bào)酬。此題被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)作表語(yǔ)。類似的有：作表語(yǔ)。類似的有：get burnt, get hurt , get wounded.考題練練看考題練練看3. as soon as he entered the city, he _. a. was losing b. got los

20、ing c. grew lost d. got lost 解析：解析： d get lost 迷路了迷路了4. what surprised me most was that the leader of that country got _ . a. kill b. killing c. killed d. to be killed 解析：解析：c 過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)考題練練看考題練練看5.the pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _ as the plane was making a landing. a. seat

21、 b. seating c. seated d. to be seating 解析：解析： c。remain seated 為系為系表結(jié)構(gòu)，不具有被動(dòng)色彩。表結(jié)構(gòu)，不具有被動(dòng)色彩。 考題練練看考題練練看 6. - im very _ with my own cooking. it looks nice and smells delicious. - mm. it does have a _ smell. a. pleasant; pleased b. pleased; pleased c. pleasant; pleasant d. pleased; pleasant 解析：解析： d。ple

22、ased，滿意的；，滿意的； pleasant，令人愉快的。，令人愉快的。 task fourlcomplete the table with phrases that have the same meaning.preposed attributepostpositive attribute1. terrified people1. people terrified of2. reserved seats2. 3. polluted water3. 4. a crowded room4. 5. a pleased winner5. seats reserved for water pollu

23、ted by a room crowded with a winner pleased withtask four6. astonished children 7. a broken vase8. a closed door9. the tired audience10. a trapped animaltask five lcomplete the sentences using the past participle given to you as the predicative.l1. he got _ about losing the money.l2. the painter looked so _ after working for a whole day. tired blamed infected shocked excited disappointed blamedtiredtask fivel3. i was _ with he film i saw last night. i had expected it to be better.l4. everybody was _ to hear of the dea