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1、Unit 5 Nelson Mandela a modern hero quality n. (1) U,C質(zhì),質(zhì)量,品質(zhì)質(zhì),質(zhì)量,品質(zhì) Quality is more important that quantity. (2)C性質(zhì),特性,特點(diǎn)性質(zhì),特性,特點(diǎn) One quality of wood is that it can burn. (3)C品德,品性品德,品性 You need some special personal qualities to work as a nurse. 注意:注意: (1)quality作作“品性品性”講時(shí),經(jīng)常指一個(gè)講時(shí),經(jīng)常指一個(gè)人性格(人性格(cha
2、racter)中美好的部分。)中美好的部分。 (2)表示某物)表示某物“具有具有的質(zhì)量的質(zhì)量”時(shí)用介時(shí)用介詞詞of. Eg: This new model is of high quality and is not expensive. 拓展:拓展: of good quality 上等的,優(yōu)質(zhì)的上等的,優(yōu)質(zhì)的 of poor quality 劣等的,劣質(zhì)的劣等的,劣質(zhì)的 mean adj. vt. (1)adj. 吝嗇的,小氣的吝嗇的,小氣的 搭配:搭配:be mean with/about sth 對(duì)于對(duì)于吝嗇的吝嗇的 She is always mean with/about money
3、. (2)adj. (人或其行為)卑鄙的,刻薄的(人或其行為)卑鄙的,刻薄的 搭配:搭配: be mean to sb/sth 對(duì)某人對(duì)某人/某物刻某物刻薄的薄的 Dont be so mean to your classmates. It is mean of you to tease him. (3)adj. 熟練的;出色的熟練的;出色的 搭配:搭配: be no mean 了不起,很出色了不起,很出色 He is a mean tennis player. His mother was a painter, and he is no mean artist himself. (4) vt
4、. 意思是;意味著;表示意思是;意味著;表示意思意思 搭配:搭配: mean to do sth 打算做某事打算做某事 mean doing sth 意味著;意思是意味著;意思是 But I didnt mean to hurt you. Missing the bus means walking home. active adj. (1) 積極的積極的 搭配:搭配: be active in sth 在在方面積極方面積極地地 take an active part in sth 積極參與某事積極參與某事 They were both politically active. (2)(尤指體力上
5、)忙碌的,活躍的)(尤指體力上)忙碌的,活躍的 She is very active in the local business circle. (3)(思想上)充滿活力的,活躍的)(思想上)充滿活力的,活躍的 That child has a very active imagination. generous adj. (1)慷慨的,大方的)慷慨的,大方的 搭配:搭配:be generous with 在某方面慷慨在某方面慷慨 be generous in doing sth 樂(lè)于做某事樂(lè)于做某事 It was generous of him to offer to pay for us b
6、oth. (2)寬宏大量的,寬厚的,仁慈的)寬宏大量的,寬厚的,仁慈的 She has a generous mind/spirit. 注意:注意:generous和其他修飾人的形容詞和其他修飾人的形容詞clever, stupid, smart, kind等一樣,常與等一樣,常與of 一起構(gòu)成不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu):一起構(gòu)成不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu): Its + adj. + of sb + to do sth. devote vt. 獻(xiàn)身,致力,專心獻(xiàn)身,致力,專心 搭配:搭配: devote oneself to 獻(xiàn)身于獻(xiàn)身于 devote ones life/time to sb/sth 把生命把生命/
7、時(shí)間獻(xiàn)給時(shí)間獻(xiàn)給 devote ones energy to 奉獻(xiàn)精力于奉獻(xiàn)精力于 devote sth to sth 把把用于用于 She devoted herself to her career and never married all her life. He devoted his life to promoting world peace. 注意:在注意:在devoteto和和 be devoted to中的中的to均為介詞,其后接名詞,代詞均為介詞,其后接名詞,代詞和動(dòng)名詞等做賓語(yǔ)。和動(dòng)名詞等做賓語(yǔ)。 devoted adj. 忠實(shí)的,深愛的,是形容詞,忠實(shí)的,深愛的,是形容詞
8、,可用作定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ),可以構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)可用作定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ),可以構(gòu)成短語(yǔ)be devoted to,該結(jié)構(gòu)可以在句中做狀語(yǔ),該結(jié)構(gòu)可以在句中做狀語(yǔ),如:如: Devoted to his research, he didnt notice the teacher entered the room. found vt. (founded, founded) (1)創(chuàng)立,創(chuàng)建)創(chuàng)立,創(chuàng)建 The hospital was founded in 1920. (2)建立在)建立在基礎(chǔ)上,(建筑物)建立基礎(chǔ)上,(建筑物)建立在在上上 The castle is founded on solid rocks. pr
9、inciple n. C 法則;原則;原理法則;原則;原理 Discussing all these details will get us nowhere, we must get back to first principles. 注意:注意: principle的復(fù)數(shù)形式表示的復(fù)數(shù)形式表示“道德原道德原則則”“”“行為準(zhǔn)則行為準(zhǔn)則”或或“規(guī)范規(guī)范”。 I refuse to lie about it; its against my principles. 拓展:拓展: in principle 原則上,理論上;大體原則上,理論上;大體上,基本上上,基本上 on principle 根據(jù)原
10、則根據(jù)原則 first principles 基本原則基本原則 peaceful adj. (1)和平的)和平的 We suggested a peaceful settlement of the crisis. (2)愛好和平的,尋求和平的)愛好和平的,尋求和平的 China is a peaceful nation. (3)安靜的,寧?kù)o的,安寧的)安靜的,寧?kù)o的,安寧的 That was a peaceful night. guidance n U 指導(dǎo);領(lǐng)導(dǎo);引導(dǎo)指導(dǎo);領(lǐng)導(dǎo);引導(dǎo) 搭配:搭配: under ones guidance 在某人的在某人的指導(dǎo)指導(dǎo)/領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下 guidanc
11、e on sth 對(duì)某事的指導(dǎo)對(duì)某事的指導(dǎo) You should do it under his guidance. Thats guidance for teachers on how to use video in class. 拓展:拓展: with/under ones guidance = with/under the guidance of sb = under ones direction 在某人的指導(dǎo)下在某人的指導(dǎo)下 legal adj. (1)法律的,與法律有關(guān)的(僅作前置定)法律的,與法律有關(guān)的(僅作前置定語(yǔ))語(yǔ)) 搭配:搭配: the legal profession 法
12、律專業(yè)法律專業(yè) a legal adviser 法律顧問(wèn)法律顧問(wèn) (2)法律允許的;合法的;法律要求的)法律允許的;合法的;法律要求的 Whos the legal owner of the house? out of work 失業(yè)失業(yè) = out of employment Now that she is out of work, Lucy has been considering going back to school, but she hasnt decided. 拓展:拓展: in work 有工作有工作 go to work 去上班去上班 hopeful adj. (1)(人)抱
13、有希望的,滿懷希望的(一)(人)抱有希望的,滿懷希望的(一般作表語(yǔ))般作表語(yǔ)) 搭配:搭配: be hopeful about sth be hopeful that 對(duì)某事滿懷希望的對(duì)某事滿懷希望的 be hopeful of doing sth 希望做某事希望做某事 I feel hopeful that well find a suitable house very soon. (2)表現(xiàn)出希望的(只作前置定語(yǔ))表現(xiàn)出希望的(只作前置定語(yǔ)) He was the most hopeful candidate for the presidency. (3)帶來(lái)希望的,給人以希望的(多指事)
14、帶來(lái)希望的,給人以希望的(多指事情)情) The future did not seem very hopeful. youth n. (1)U 青少年時(shí)期青少年時(shí)期 I spent my youth in the country. (2) C 青年男子;小伙子青年男子;小伙子 There are groups of youths playing basketball over there. (3)青年人(總稱)(常加)青年人(總稱)(常加the) The youth of the nation is/are polite in general. 注意:注意: the youth是年輕人的統(tǒng)稱
15、,表示復(fù)是年輕人的統(tǒng)稱,表示復(fù)數(shù)含義,作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)或單數(shù)數(shù)含義,作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)或單數(shù)形式都可以。形式都可以。 league n. C 聯(lián)盟;同盟;聯(lián)合會(huì)聯(lián)盟;同盟;聯(lián)合會(huì) the League of Nations 國(guó)際聯(lián)盟國(guó)際聯(lián)盟 stage n. (1)時(shí)期,階段,狀態(tài))時(shí)期,階段,狀態(tài) The children are at different stages of development. (2)段,步,步驟)段,步,步驟 We did the first stage of the trip by train. (3)舞臺(tái))舞臺(tái) The audience threw f
16、lowers onto the stage. (4)(政治等活動(dòng)中的)領(lǐng)域,舞臺(tái))(政治等活動(dòng)中的)領(lǐng)域,舞臺(tái) She was forced to the center of the political stage. vote (1) 投票;表決投票;表決 Congress voted to increase foreign aid by 10%. (2) n. C 投票,表決投票,表決 The result of the vote were surprising. 拓展:拓展: vote for sb 投票支持某人投票支持某人 vote against sb 投票反對(duì)投票反對(duì) attack
17、(1) vt.襲擊,攻擊襲擊,攻擊 At dawn the army attacked the town. (2) vt. 抨擊,非難抨擊,非難 There is a newspaper article attacking the England football coach. (3) vt. 侵襲,損害侵襲,損害 搭配:搭配: be attacked with 患病患病 He is very sad because his mother is attacked with cancer. (4) n. C,U 攻擊,進(jìn)攻,襲擊攻擊,進(jìn)攻,襲擊 搭配:搭配: make an attack on/
18、upon sb/sth 對(duì)某人對(duì)某人/某事發(fā)起進(jìn)攻;攻擊某人某事發(fā)起進(jìn)攻;攻擊某人/某事某事 under attack 受到攻擊受到攻擊 There is a series of racial attacks recently. (5)C(疾病的)發(fā)作,侵襲(疾病的)發(fā)作,侵襲 搭配:搭配: a panic attack 一陣恐慌一陣恐慌 My grandpa often suffers a heart attack. violence n. (1) U 暴力行為暴力行為 They expressed their anger with some violence. (2) 猛烈;激情;激烈的力
19、量猛烈;激情;激烈的力量 The violence of her feelings surprised him. 拓展:拓展: do violence to 傷害,損害傷害,損害 as a matter of fact (1)事實(shí)上;其實(shí);說(shuō)真的)事實(shí)上;其實(shí);說(shuō)真的 Its a nice place. Weve stayed there ourselves, as a matter of fact. (2)(表示不同意)事實(shí)上,其實(shí))(表示不同意)事實(shí)上,其實(shí) He doesnt mind. As a matter of fact, hes pleased. blow up (1) vt.
20、炸毀,(使)炸得粉碎炸毀,(使)炸得粉碎 The soldiers blew up the factory. (2) vt. 吹脹,給吹脹,給充氣,打氣充氣,打氣 Stop at the gas station and well blow up the tyres. (3) vi. (惡劣天氣)來(lái)臨(惡劣天氣)來(lái)臨 It looks as if theres a storm blowing up. equal (1) adj. 相等的相等的 The two desks are of equal size. (2)adj. 平等的平等的 All men are born equal. (3) a
21、dj. 勝任的,能對(duì)付的勝任的,能對(duì)付的 Im not equal to the task. (4) n. C 同等之人或事物同等之人或事物 In spelling, she had no equals. in trouble 處于困境或險(xiǎn)境處于困境或險(xiǎn)境 Hes in trouble with the police. We should lend a hand to those in trouble. 拓展:拓展: get into trouble 陷入困境陷入困境 get sb into trouble 使某人陷入困境使某人陷入困境 be in trouble with 有問(wèn)題(麻煩)有問(wèn)
22、題(麻煩) willing adj. (1)愿意的,樂(lè)意的)愿意的,樂(lè)意的 一般作表語(yǔ),一般作表語(yǔ), be willing to do sth (2)自愿的,樂(lè)于相助的,通常做定語(yǔ))自愿的,樂(lè)于相助的,通常做定語(yǔ) willing volunteers 志愿工作者志愿工作者 turn to 向某人求助;致力于;轉(zhuǎn)身向某人求助;致力于;轉(zhuǎn)身 If you have any question, turn to me for help. 注意:注意:turn to 中的中的to為介詞,因此其后跟為介詞,因此其后跟名詞,代詞或動(dòng)名詞。名詞,代詞或動(dòng)名詞。 release (1) vt. 釋放,放走;放開
23、,松開釋放,放走;放開,松開 搭配:搭配: release sb/sth from sth 從從釋釋放某人或某物放某人或某物 He refused to release her arm. (2)n. 釋放;獲釋釋放;獲釋 She expects an early release from prison. lose heart 喪失信心;泄氣喪失信心;泄氣 Dont lose heart; all will turn out well. lose ones heart to sb/sth 愛上某人或某愛上某人或某物物 He lost his heart to Mary at the first
24、sight. escape (1)逃跑,逃出;擺脫;逃避)逃跑,逃出;擺脫;逃避 (常與介詞(常與介詞from連用)連用) He escaped from prison this morning. (2)vt. 避開,避免避開,避免 搭配:搭配: escape sth 避開某事避開某事 escape doing sth 避免做某事避免做某事 educate vt. 教育;培養(yǎng);訓(xùn)練教育;培養(yǎng);訓(xùn)練 搭配:搭配: educate sb. 教育某人教育某人 educate sb to do sth 教育某人做某事教育某人做某事 educate sb about/on sth 就某事教育某就某事教育
25、某人人 come to power = come into power 上臺(tái),執(zhí)政上臺(tái),執(zhí)政 When he came to/into power, he broke his promise of reducing tax. 注意:注意: come to/into power 為終止性短語(yǔ),為終止性短語(yǔ),不可與時(shí)間段連用;與其對(duì)應(yīng)的延續(xù)性短不可與時(shí)間段連用;與其對(duì)應(yīng)的延續(xù)性短語(yǔ)為語(yǔ)為be in power. beg vi. (begged, begged, begging) (1) 懇求,乞求懇求,乞求 搭配:搭配: beg sb for sth (向某人)乞求(向某人)乞求 beg sth of/from sb 向某人乞求(懇求)向某人乞求(懇求) beg sb to do sth 懇求某人做某事懇求某人做某事 beg to do sth
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