一般功能性詞匯

1、1. 一般功能詞匯因果關(guān)系導(dǎo)致，產(chǎn)生 give rise to, lead to, result in, be responsible for, prompt解析： give rise to, lead to, result in 表示一般性的 “導(dǎo)致、產(chǎn)生、造成 ”； be responsible for 不僅表 示“為負(fù)責(zé) ”，也可以表示 “產(chǎn)生 ”( being a source or cause)，但多指 “產(chǎn)生某種負(fù)面后果和不利局 面”； prompt 表示“激發(fā)”(To move to act; spur; incite )，有“快速產(chǎn)生 ”之意。Fast-paced modern

2、 life is responsible for the consumption of junk food.The bishop's speech has prompted an angry response from both political parties.Sharon Stone ' s remarks about China' s Sichuanp eroamrthpqteuda kaen gry responses from the Chinesepublic.產(chǎn)生于 result from, originate in(from)解析： result fr

3、om 表示“產(chǎn)生于” ； originate in (from) 表示 “發(fā)源自 ” 例句： Youtiao originated in China.歸因于 attribute .to, blame.on, be the culprit of解析： attribute A to B 表示 “將 A 歸因于 B”；blame A on B，表示 “將 A(負(fù)面的) 歸咎于 B”；culprit 本意表示 “罪犯 ” (one charged with a crime or an offense)，比喻義表示 “造成某種負(fù)面后果的原因 ” ( the reason for a particular

4、 problem or difficulty ) 例句：Children today are getting increasingly overweight. Experts believe that excessive consumption is the main culprit.使某人做某事 prompt sb to do sth, motivate sb to do sth 解析： prompt 指 “令某人做出某種具體行動(dòng)的原因，強(qiáng)調(diào)快速激發(fā)”； motivate 指 “成為某人的做某事的動(dòng)機(jī) ”Many great businessmen are motivated not but

5、 the desire for money. 原因 cause, reason解析： cause指“造成某事客觀原因” ，reason 指“用來解釋的理由” 。Reason并不一定就是 cause. 跟 cause 有關(guān)的幾種常用搭配： 真實(shí)原因 real cause,根本原因 root cause, underlying cause 主要原因 major cause, primary cause 可能的原因 likely cause, possible cause contributory cause例句： The reason he gave for his poor academic p

6、erformances is that he had recently went through a emotional meltdown. But I know that is not the real cause Unhealthy eating habits have many other contributory causes.事物數(shù)量幾個(gè) several, a number of, a couple of 解析： several 略顯非正式； A number of 是正式表達(dá)。 A couple of daysAcross the street from me there are

7、a couple of police officers standing guard很多個(gè) 可數(shù) a large (vast) number of, numerous, a host of, a legion of , a flock of , flock to do sth 解析：A host of表示“大量的 ”指”事物“。Legion本意指“軍團(tuán)”、flock 本意表 “羊群”，legion 和 flock 都表示 “大量的某一類人 ”。例句： Making public transportation free might create a host of problems. Flock

8、s of consumers are buying products that they have no real use for. 很多，大量 不可數(shù) a large deal (amount, supply, quantity) of 辨析： quantity 指“可以裝在容器中的某物” ； supply 指“提供的某物” 例句： a large quantity of drugs, a large quantity of food and drink, a large supply of oxygen, a large supply of food 很多 可數(shù) & 不可數(shù) ple

9、nty of辨析： plenty of 可修飾可數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞充足的 sufficient, adequate 辨析：指 “數(shù)量”、 “質(zhì)量“、 ”效力 ”能夠滿足需求的。例句： sufficient income, an adequate supply of food, a sufficient supply of useful information 不充足的 insufficient, inadequate十分充足的 ample 辨析：指 more than enough ，搭配較為局限。例句： Ample evidence, ample opportunity, ample time重

10、要的 basic, fundamental, essential, vital, integral, indispensable解析： essential 表示“因?yàn)槭潜举|(zhì)，所以必不可少的” ； integral 表示“因?yàn)槭菢?gòu)成整體的一部分， 所以必不可少的” ，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在 integral part 這樣的搭配中； indispensable 表示“必不可少的” 。 Pets are an integral part of the American way of life重要 must, necessity, precondition, prerequisite, priority解析：

11、must 做名詞，表示“必要的某物” ( Something indispensable )； prerequisite 表示“先決條 件”( Required or necessary as a prior condition )If you live in a city, a car is a must.The seriousness of traffic jams highlights the necessity of controlling automobiles in cities.In the modern society, having a college diploma is

12、almost a prerequisite for/to success.A sufficient TOEFL score is almost a prerequisite for applying for American colleges or universities. 使成為必要 necessitateApplying for American colleges or universities necessitates taking TOEFL.Having music classes necessitates buying musical instruments, which can

13、 be very expensive. 緊迫 urgent, pressing, imperativeImperative 表示“需要立刻關(guān)注或采取行動(dòng)的” 。( Compelling immediate attention ) There is an urgent need for fresh water and ample food.Pressing need/matter/problemIt is imperative to protect the endangered animals.不重要 minor, secondary, low priority, take the second

14、 placeProtecting the environment is urgent, but it does not mean that investing in medical care takes a back seat事物的大小和程度較大 considerable, significant, considerably, significantly巨大 tremendous(ly), enormous(ly)過度 excessive, excessively極度 extreme, extremely 在極端情況下 In extreme circumstances, in extreme

15、cases 合理適度 reasonable, reasonably, moderate, moderately 相似性相同的 be similar (to), alike, comparable解析： similar 和 comparable 既可以做表語也可以作定語， alike 做定語和狀語。The Chinese culture and the Korean culture are alike (similar, comparable)in many aspects.The girls are of comparable (similar)ages.Lawyers and politic

16、ians alike (只能用 alike) require a strong ability to speak. 不同的 different, distinct解析： distinct 表示“差異一望而知的，截然不同的。 ”( Readily distinguishable from all others ) Traveling in foreign countries allow people to get a taste of distinct cultures.方面aspect, facet解析： facet 本意是寶石的切面，比喻義“多個(gè)方面中的一個(gè)”( One of numerou

17、s aspects, as of asubject.)The Internet has had tremendous impacts on every facet of the modern life.In terms of 在“某方面”變化增加 不及物 increase, grow, rise 使 增加 及物 increase, boost 變少 及物 decrease, dwindle 使 減少 不及物 decrease, reduce, cut, trim, slash 越來越 increasingly, progressively時(shí)間開始 advent解釋： advent 指“某重大事

18、件的開始” ( The coming or arrival, especially of something extremely important ).the leap forward in communication made possible by the advent of the mobile phone.及時(shí) up-to-date, keep up with, catch up with It is important to keep up with news.過時(shí) out-of-date, render obsoleteThe advent of digital books wi

19、ll render paper books obsolete eventually.代替 take the place of, replace, supplant短期的 temporary, short term長期的 lasting, long term最終 eventually意愿強(qiáng)制 mandatory選擇 optional可能性可能 possible, likely, probable, chances are good that, conceivable possibility, likelihood, probability解析： possible 可能性最小 , likely 和

20、 probable 最大 , chances are good that 相當(dāng)于 likely 或 probable If the public transportation system is made free, chances are good that bus or subway companies will have difficulty operating.There is a possibility (likelihood, probability) 相當(dāng)于 it is possible that ； there is a strong possibility(likelihoo

21、d, probability) that 相當(dāng)于 probable ；in all probability 和 in all likelihood 表示 almost certain 必定 be certain to , be sure to, be bound to解析： be bound to 表示“必定會”The tuitions are certain (sure, bound) to increase if teachers are paid more.不可能 impossible, unlikely, improbable可行的 practical, viableSolar pow

22、er is now a viable alternative to oil-fired water heaters.不可行的 impractical利弊分析好事 / 壞事 blessing, curse有益 bring benefits to, benefit from有害 cause damage/harm to 改善，提高 及物 improve, enhance削弱 及物 weaken, undermine, take a toll on提供 provide, offer, afford獲得 gain, acquire幫助 be helpful to, be instrumental in

23、, go a long way towards Practice is instrumental in achieving top scores in TOEFL.培養(yǎng) develop, foster, honeFoster an interest, foster a sense of community, foster democracy and prosperityIt takes time to hone management skills. 促成 contribute to, a contributing factorFast-paced life is a major contrib

24、uting factor to unhealthy habits. 使；令 make, enable, allow, make it possible優(yōu)秀的excellent, outstanding, stand out from平庸的mediocre差的poorawful, terrible安全和危險(xiǎn)保護(hù) protect, safeguardSafeguard interests, safeguard rights, safeguard welfare危害 endanger, put.in danger, be at risk動(dòng)作做 do, engage in <fl.>According to a recent surve