新世紀(jì)大學(xué)英語1Unit-7課文詳解

1、2021/3/231 Unit 7 Relationships and CommunicationWe have two ears and one mouth so that we can listen twice as much as we speak. - Epictetus A Greek Stoic（禁欲主義）（禁欲主義）philosopherQuestion for U:Do you agree with Epictetus? State your reasons.2021/3/232 Unit 7 Relationships and CommunicationDo you thin

2、k that interpersonal skills are very important at school and at work? Please share us your opinions.Interpersonal skills should be considered very important both at school and at work. Good interpersonal skills enhance relationships with fellow students or colleagues and help build a pleasant enviro

3、nment for all to work in. Conversely, poor interpersonal skills can often lead to coldness and even hostility between one another and may lead to inefficiency in study or at work.2021/3/233 Unit 7 Relationships and CommunicationUnit 7 Relationships and CommunicationKang MinText A How Well Can We Lis

4、ten?Text B What We Can Do to Improve Human Relationships2021/3/234 Unit 7 Relationships and CommunicationParts Main Ideas12-45-78The rise of the issue: peoples complaints about others not listening; the possible consequences of the problem.The analysis of the reasons for the failure in communication

5、: misunderstanding resulting from poor listening.How we can be good listeners.Conclusion: restatement of the importance of listening.2021/3/235 Unit 7 Relationships and CommunicationHow Well Can We Listen?Kathleen T. McWhorter1. It is not uncommon to hear people complaining that no one listens to th

6、em and no one understands them. Such complaints come not only from kids but also from adults. How often is this a vital cause in the failure of personal relationships? How often does it contribute to broken homes? How often do we hear of a married couple who fail to have communication, or of childre

7、n who feel deserted? It seems something must have gone wrong. 我們時常聽到人們抱怨說沒有人聆聽他們,沒有人能理解他們。這樣的抱怨不僅出自孩童之口,也出自成人之口。人際關(guān)系不和諧,這不往往是個重要原因嗎?家庭破裂,不也往往拜其所賜嗎?我們不也還常常聽說夫妻之間無法交流,孩子感覺被遺棄嗎?看來這其中一定出了什么問題。 2021/3/236 Unit 7 Relationships and Communication2. Experts tend to resort to the term “generation gap” to expl

8、ain the conflicts between parents and children. Can this term be applied to the cases mentioned above? Though there might be room for hesitation in the adoption of it when “generation” is taken into account, it is far from wrong to borrow the rest in making an analysis. There are bound to be differe

9、nces, or gaps, in the opinions of two people that give rise to conflicts, and ways to reduce them are by no means easy to be sought, but it is equally true to say that there is bound to be a solution to every problem. Part of the solution to human conflicts is to avoid misunderstanding. 每當(dāng)父母和孩子之間發(fā)生沖

10、突的時候,專家們往往會用“代溝”這一術(shù)語來解釋。那么這個術(shù)語能否用于上面提到的情況呢?當(dāng)然,如果細(xì)究“代”的本義,那么這算不上特別貼切,但是大可借用該術(shù)語的其他涵義來分析問題。兩個人的觀點(diǎn)之所以會引起紛爭,肯定因為存在分歧,而要設(shè)法減少分歧又談何容易!但是我們也同樣可以說,每個問題肯定都會有辦法解決。人際沖突的部分解決辦法是避免誤解。 2021/3/237 Unit 7 Relationships and Communication 3.Misunderstanding often arises from a lack of communication. Curiously enough, i

11、n a modern society where not a few advanced technological means of communication such as the mobile phone and pager have been developed, people are still confronted with this problem. Investigations show that technological inventions do help facilitate human communication. They also show that while

12、there are more opportunities for personal contact, especially through verbal communication, many people still find their listeners do not listen to them. Clearly, something is wrong with their listening ability. 誤解常常源于缺乏交流。令人納悶的是,在現(xiàn)代社會,雖然發(fā)明了不少先進(jìn)的通訊工具,如移動電話和傳呼機(jī),但是人們?nèi)匀幻媾R這樣的問題。研究表明,科技發(fā)明確實(shí)有助于人與人之間的交流。研究

13、也同樣發(fā)現(xiàn),雖然人與人之間接觸的機(jī)會增加了,特別是言語交流的機(jī)會增加了,許多人仍然發(fā)現(xiàn)沒有人真正聆聽他們說話。很顯然,人們的聆聽能力出了問題。 2021/3/238 Unit 7 Relationships and Communication 4. People may wonder why their listening ability is undesirable when their hearing ability is physically sound. This is a basic mistake we often make. Very often hearing is confu

14、sed with listening, as they are so closely related. Believing that hearing is a physiological function, which comes to us naturally, we take it for granted that listening does not require much effort. Experts in the field of communications are quick to attack this belief. In their view, listening re

15、quires hard work and energy. When people are listening, they have quicker heartbeats and faster blood circulation. Good listening, they think, is not as simple as it might seem. 人們也許會問,為什么聽覺沒有問題而他們的聆聽能力卻不如人意呢?這就是我們常犯的錯誤:因為聽覺能力和聆聽能力的關(guān)系如此緊密,我們經(jīng)常把兩者混淆。我們會認(rèn)為聽覺能力是一種生理功能,是與生俱來的,所以我們想當(dāng)然地以為聆聽不需要付出特別的努力。對于這種

16、觀點(diǎn),交流領(lǐng)域的專家會毫不猶豫地加于指正。在他們看來,聆聽既費(fèi)神又費(fèi)力。人們聆聽時心跳加速,血液循環(huán)也會加快。專家認(rèn)為,認(rèn)真的聆聽并不是我們想象的那么簡單。 2021/3/239 Unit 7 Relationships and Communication5. To become a good listener begins with concentration. That looks easy on the surface. In too many cases, we have to listen to other people with physical and mental distra

17、ctions around us. The ring of the telephone, the slam of a door or other human voices are some of the common physical distractions. The mental distractions in ones own mind, on the other hand, are much more difficult to overcome, for many reasons. A speaker may not be able to keep pace with the work

18、ing of the listeners mind. The average persons rate of thinking is faster than the average rate of speech. With much free time left at their disposal, the listeners are likely to be carried away by their own thoughts and they soon lose their way. That is where the problem lies: listening too quickly

19、.2021/3/2310 Unit 7 Relationships and Communication5.要成為好的聆聽者首先需要集中注意力。這表面上看起來很簡單。在很多情況下,我們聽別人說話時,周圍都有外界的和心理的干擾,電話鈴聲、關(guān)門聲、其他人的聲音是一些我們常見的外界干擾。但是心理的干擾更難克服。這里面的原因很多,說話人可能無法跟上聽話人思想的速度。常人的思考速度要比說話的平均速度快得多。當(dāng)聽話人有很多自由時間支配的時候,他們就可能會太專注自己的思緒而很快就不知道說話人說到什么地方了。這就是問題的所在:聽得太快! 2021/3/2311 Unit 7 Relationships and

20、Communication6.Sometimes, the listener tends to skip part of what is being said unconsciously. Since each person has his own range of interests, when the speaker talks about something that is of no personal interest or concern to him, he would “switch off the talking.” Though he might nod his head o

21、r respond with gestures, his mind is wandering. This automatic control exercises its influence especially when the topic is too boring.有時候,聽話人會下意識地跳過說話人的一些談話。每個人都有自己的興趣愛好,如果說話人談?wù)撘恍┞犜捜瞬桓信d趣或與聽話人無關(guān)的事情,聽話人就會“關(guān)掉談話”。雖然聽話人可能還會點(diǎn)頭或用其他肢體語言回應(yīng),他的思緒卻游移到別的事情上去了。這種自動控制系統(tǒng)的作用在談話內(nèi)容太枯燥的時候尤其明顯。 2021/3/2312 Unit 7 Relat

22、ionships and Communication 7.Other psychological factors also come into play. A persons feeling towards the speaker can affect his listening ability. If he has a poor impression of the speaker, because of his appearance or whatever, it is quite natural that he would not tune in to the words of the s

23、peaker. 其他心理因素也同樣會起作用。一個人對說話人的印象也會影響他的理解能力,如果聽者對說話人的印象不好,比如由于說話人的相貌或某些原因,那他自然就不會去認(rèn)真聆聽說話人說的內(nèi)容。 2021/3/2313 Unit 7 Relationships and Communication 8. Verbal communication is a good means for people to understand each other. What has to be borne in mind is that, to ensure that good communication takes

24、place, talking and hearing are just not enough. When we hear people complain that no one listens to them or no one understands them, we should be able to provide an acceptable explanation. 言語交流是人們相互了解的很好方式。但是值得我們注意的是要確保交流的順利進(jìn)行,光憑說和聽是不夠的,當(dāng)聽到有人抱怨沒人聽他們說話或沒人理解他們的時候,我們應(yīng)該能夠給他們一個合理的解釋。2021/3/2314 Unit 7 Re

25、lationships and CommunicationThe rise of the issue (peoples complaints)Further reason: lack of good listeningBenefits of good listeningHow to be a good listenerConclusionThe reasons: differences in opinion; misunderstanding2021/3/23151. 人際關(guān)系人際關(guān)系personal relationships2. 促成促成contribute to3. 感覺受冷落感覺受冷落

26、feel deserted4. 往往往往tend to5. 借助借助resort to6. 考慮在內(nèi)考慮在內(nèi)take into account7. 一定會一定會be bound to8. 引起引起give rise to9. 避免誤解避免誤解avoid misunderstanding10. 缺乏交流缺乏交流lack of communication2021/3/231613. 生理功能生理功能physiological function14. 血液流通血液流通blood circulation15. 跟上跟上keep pace with16. 任某人處置任某人處置at ones dispos

27、al17. 心理因素心理因素psychological factors18. 起作用起作用come into play19. 忘乎所以忘乎所以be carried away20. 牢記牢記bear in mind11. 面臨面臨be confronted with12. 言語交流言語交流 verbal communication2021/3/2317 Unit 7 Relationships and Communication2.vital: adj. extremely important and necessary for something to succeed or existRegu

28、lar exercise is vital for your health.旅游業(yè)對于國民經(jīng)濟(jì)來說是至關(guān)重要的。旅游業(yè)對于國民經(jīng)濟(jì)來說是至關(guān)重要的。The tourist industry is of vital importance to the national economy.NB: vitality n. 生命力生命力 ,活力活力2021/3/2318 Unit 7 Relationships and CommunicationWords Splain:1. vi. express feelings of pain, dissatisfaction, or resentment2. v

29、t. express dissatisfaction or resentmentMany patients complain of headaches and difficulty in sleeping when they take this drug.員工們抱怨工資過低而且福利差。員工們抱怨工資過低而且福利差。The employees complained that the wages were too low and the benefits were inadequate.NB: complain complaint n.2021/3/2319 Unit 7 Relationship

30、s and Communication4. desert: vt. leave at a difficult time or in a cruel way, esp. with the intention of not returningMrs. Smith was deserted by her husband and had to support four children on her own.2021/3/2320 Unit 7 Relationships and Communication3.contribute:1. vi. (usually followed by to) hel

31、p in causing a situation, event, or conditionAn increase in the price of drugs has contributed to the rising cost of medical care.2. vt. give money, help, ideas, etc. to something1. vi. (usually followed by to) help in causing a situation, event, or conditionAn increase in the price of drugs has con

32、tributed to the rising cost of medical care.1. vi. (usually followed by to) help in causing a situation, event, or condition2. vt. give money, help, ideas, etc. to somethingAn increase in the price of drugs has contributed to the rising cost of medical care.1. vi. (usually followed by to) help in ca

33、using a situation, event, or conditionThe volunteers contribute their own time to the project.2. vt. give money, help, ideas, etc. to somethingAn increase in the price of drugs has contributed to the rising cost of medical care.1. vi. (usually followed by to) help in causing a situation, event, or c

34、ondition2021/3/2321 Unit 7 Relationships and Communication5.resort:1. vi. (usually followed by to) make use of; turn to (often something bad) for help Many homeless teenagers resort to stealing when their money runs out.2. n. a place frequented by people for relaxation or recreationa health resorta

35、pleasure resorta summer resort a tourist resort療養(yǎng)地療養(yǎng)地游樂勝地游樂勝地避暑地避暑地旅游勝地旅游勝地3. n. the act of turning to something for aid or relief; recourse反復(fù)實(shí)踐是取得真知的方法。反復(fù)實(shí)踐是取得真知的方法。Repeated practice is the resort of gaining genuine knowledge.2021/3/2322 Unit 7 Relationships and Communication6. apply:1. vt. (usuall

36、y followed by for) request or seek assistance, employment, or admission She applied for a job with the local newspaper.2. vi. (usually followed by to) be pertinent or relevant勤儉節(jié)約的原則適用于一切事業(yè)。勤儉節(jié)約的原則適用于一切事業(yè)。The principle of diligence and thrift applies to all undertakings.3. vt. put to or adapt for a

37、special useWe should learn to apply book knowledge to social practice.apply v. application n.applicable adj. applied adj. 申請申請;應(yīng)用應(yīng)用申請申請;應(yīng)用應(yīng)用適用的適用的;可申請的可申請的 應(yīng)用的應(yīng)用的2021/3/23238. analysis: n. (pl. analyses) examination of something together with thoughts and judgments about itUnit 7 Relationships and C

38、ommunication7. take into account:(also take account of/take into consideration) consider or include particular facts or details when making a decision or judgment about somethingThese figures do not take into account the changes in the rate of inflation.NB: analyze vt. analysis n. analytic adj. anal

39、yst n.分析分析分析分析分析的分析的分析家分析家2021/3/2324 Unit 7 Relationships and Communication9.bound:1. adj. very likely; certain建立在金錢基礎(chǔ)上的婚姻肯定要破裂的。建立在金錢基礎(chǔ)上的婚姻肯定要破裂的。The marriage on the basis of money is bound to break up.2. adj. travelling towards a particular place or in a particular direction這列火車是開往上海的。這列火車是開往上海的。

40、This train is bound for Shanghai.be bound for (a place)be bound to do sth. Collocation（搭配）（搭配）:前往某地前往某地必定必定, , 一定一定2021/3/2325 Unit 7 Relationships and Communication10.arise: vi. (arose, arisen) usually followed by from, out of come into being or begin to be noticed; happen; appear疏忽大意往往會引起事故的發(fā)生。疏忽大

41、意往往會引起事故的發(fā)生。Accidents often arise from carelessness.arise:是不及物動詞是不及物動詞,意思主要指意思主要指“出現(xiàn)出現(xiàn),發(fā)生發(fā)生”（后接（后接from形成詞組形成詞組,意意為為“起因于起因于”）。例如）。例如: A new difficulty has arisen.出現(xiàn)了新的困難。出現(xiàn)了新的困難。arouse:是及物動詞是及物動詞,意思主要指意思主要指“喚醒喚醒,喚起喚起,引起引起” 。例如。例如:The odd sight aroused our curiosity.奇怪的景象激起我們的好奇。奇怪的景象激起我們的好奇。2021/3/23

42、26 Unit 7 Relationships and Communication 11.confront: vt. come face to face with, especially with defiance or hostilityShe confronted the vital question of being bankrupt. 她面臨要破產(chǎn)的重大問題她面臨要破產(chǎn)的重大問題。12.facilitate: vt. make easy or easier; help新建的地鐵將便于人們?nèi)コ鞘懈魈帯Ｐ陆ǖ牡罔F將便于人們?nèi)コ鞘懈魈?。The new underground railway

43、will facilitate the journey to all parts of the city.Dividing students into small groups usually helps facilitate discussion.2021/3/232714. keep pace with:move, increase, change, etc. at the same speed as sb./sth.Unit 7 Relationships and Communication 13.distraction: n. something or someone that distracts, esp. an amusement宿舍里使人分心的事物太多宿舍里使人分心的事物太多,使我難以集中精力學(xué)習(xí)。使我難以集中精力學(xué)習(xí)。There are too many distractions in t