高中英語被動語態(tài)課件

1、語態(tài)語態(tài)(voice)是個語法范疇，它是一種動詞形是個語法范疇，它是一種動詞形式，表示動詞的主語與該動詞所表示的動作之式，表示動詞的主語與該動詞所表示的動作之間的主動和被動關(guān)系。當(dāng)主語是動作的執(zhí)行者間的主動和被動關(guān)系。當(dāng)主語是動作的執(zhí)行者時，動詞用主動語態(tài)（時，動詞用主動語態(tài)（Active Voice）；如果）；如果主語是動作的承受者，動詞便用被動語態(tài)主語是動作的承受者，動詞便用被動語態(tài)（Passive Voice）。）。 We cleaned the classroom yesterday.昨天我們打掃了教室。昨天我們打掃了教室。The classroom was cleaned by us

2、 yesterday. 昨天教室被我們打掃了。昨天教室被我們打掃了。動詞的被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。當(dāng)主動句變?yōu)楸粍泳鋾r，原來的賓語變成了主語，原來的主語變成了介詞by 的賓語。主動句與被動句的結(jié)構(gòu)雖然不同，但動作的執(zhí)行者和承受者的關(guān)系并沒有改變。一般現(xiàn)在時：一般現(xiàn)在時： am / is / are doneam / is / are done一般過去時：一般過去時： was / were donewas / were done現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時： am / is / are being doneam / is / are being done過去進(jìn)行時：過去進(jìn)行時

3、： was / were being donewas / were being done現(xiàn)在完成時：現(xiàn)在完成時： have / has been donehave / has been done過去完成時：過去完成時： had been donehad been done一般將來時：一般將來時： shall / will be done ; be going shall / will be done ; be going to be doneto be done當(dāng)句中含有情態(tài)動詞時，句子結(jié)構(gòu)為當(dāng)句中含有情態(tài)動詞時，句子結(jié)構(gòu)為 can / must can / must / have tobe

4、done/ have tobe doneHe is regarded as a brilliant. 他被認(rèn)為很有才氣。他被認(rèn)為很有才氣。This book was written in 1969. 這本書是這本書是1969年寫成的。年寫成的。The broken bike is being repaired now. 那輛壞了的自行車正在被修理。那輛壞了的自行車正在被修理。He told us the cat was being washed when we called him. 他告訴我們打電話時他正在給貓洗澡。他告訴我們打電話時他正在給貓洗澡。The pen has been used

5、 for several years. 這支鋼筆已經(jīng)用了幾年。這支鋼筆已經(jīng)用了幾年。He said the factory had been opened . 他說這家工廠已經(jīng)開張。他說這家工廠已經(jīng)開張。The work will be finished in three hours. 工作將于三小時后完成。工作將于三小時后完成。The baby must be looked after well. 這孩子必須被好好照顧。這孩子必須被好好照顧。在被動句中有時用在被動句中有時用by- 詞組，有時不用。一般詞組，有時不用。一般來說，當(dāng)動作的執(zhí)行者為誰不甚清楚，不甚重來說，當(dāng)動作的執(zhí)行者為誰不甚清楚

6、，不甚重要或難以說出時，通常不用要或難以說出時，通常不用by。但有時為了強(qiáng)。但有時為了強(qiáng)調(diào)動作執(zhí)行者或者由于上下和結(jié)構(gòu)上的需要則調(diào)動作執(zhí)行者或者由于上下和結(jié)構(gòu)上的需要則必須使用必須使用 by 詞組。例如：詞組。例如：Hamlet was written by Shakespeare. 哈姆雷特哈姆雷特是莎士比亞寫的。是莎士比亞寫的。（1） My aunt invited me to her dinner party. 主語主語 謂語謂語 賓語賓語 I was invited (by my aunt ) to her dinner party. 主語主語 謂語謂語 賓語賓語（2） The sch

7、ool set up a special class to help poor readers. A special class to help poor readers was set up in the school. 1. 1. 把主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，其謂語動詞的時態(tài)要與原句時態(tài)把主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，其謂語動詞的時態(tài)要與原句時態(tài)保持一致，其謂語動詞的數(shù)要與新主語保持一致。保持一致，其謂語動詞的數(shù)要與新主語保持一致。 We have bought a new computer. A new computer has been bought. (正確正確) A new compute

8、r have been bought. (錯誤錯誤) 2. 2. 含有雙賓語的主動句變被動句時，可分別將其中的一個賓語變含有雙賓語的主動句變被動句時，可分別將其中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一個不動，一般變間接賓語為主語時比較多。為主語，另一個不動，一般變間接賓語為主語時比較多。 My uncle gave me a present on my birthday. I was given a present on my birthday. 如果把直接賓語如果把直接賓語( (指物指物) )改為主語，則在間接賓語改為主語，則在間接賓語( (指人指人) )前加適前加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，如上句還可以說：當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~，如

9、上句還可以說： A present was given to me yesterday. 一般在下列動詞后，常在間接賓語前用介詞一般在下列動詞后，常在間接賓語前用介詞 to，如：如： bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, promise, sell, show, take, teach, tell 等。等。 The cup with mixture was showed to the class. My bike was lent to her. 一般在下列動詞后，間接賓語前用介詞一般在下列動詞后，間接賓語前用介詞 for, 如：如：buy, c

10、ook, cut, choose, do, fetch, fix, get, make, order, 等。等。 Mother made me a new skirt. (A new skirt was made for me. ) The meat was cooked for us. Some country music was played for us. People believe that he is an honest boy. 大家認(rèn)為他大家認(rèn)為他是個誠實的孩子。是個誠實的孩子。 It is believed that he is an honest boy.The boy i

11、s believed to be an honest one.2) 把賓語從句里的主語變成被動句的主語，同時把把賓語從句里的主語變成被動句的主語，同時把賓語從句中的謂語變成不定式短語。賓語從句中的謂語變成不定式短語。1) 用先行的用先行的it作形式主語，把賓語從句變成后置的作形式主語，把賓語從句變成后置的主語從句；主語從句；3.3.當(dāng)主動句的賓語是當(dāng)主動句的賓語是thatthat引導(dǎo)的賓語從引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，可轉(zhuǎn)換為兩種形式的被動句句，可轉(zhuǎn)換為兩種形式的被動句4. 4. 含有介詞動詞的主動句的轉(zhuǎn)換。含有介詞動詞的主動句的轉(zhuǎn)換。They have never listened to him. 人家

12、從不聽人家從不聽他的話。他的話。He has never been listened to.5、My parents made me water all these young trees（變被動）（變被動） I was made to water all these young trees by my parents（加上了（加上了to） 這種主動句中用省這種主動句中用省to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，變被動的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，變被動時定要加上時定要加上to。這種謂語動詞有。這種謂語動詞有feel，hear，listen to，let，make，have， see，notice，look at，watch（

13、即常言道（即常言道“一感二聽三讓四一感二聽三讓四看見看見”）。）。 6. 還有一種短語動詞由還有一種短語動詞由構(gòu)成，變被構(gòu)成，變被動語態(tài)有兩種形式，如下：動語態(tài)有兩種形式，如下： 1) We take good care of the books. 2) You must pay attention to your pronunciation. 用于這類結(jié)構(gòu)的短語動詞常見的有：用于這類結(jié)構(gòu)的短語動詞常見的有：catch sight of, make use of, pay attention to, set fire to, take care of, take hold of, take n

14、otice of, keep an eye on 等。等。 （三）有些情況下動詞的主動形三）有些情況下動詞的主動形式也可以表示被動意義。式也可以表示被動意義。 1. 有些動詞既是及物又是不及物，當(dāng)它們和有些動詞既是及物又是不及物，當(dāng)它們和well, badly, easily等等副詞連用時，表示主語內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能，是不及物動詞，用主動表副詞連用時，表示主語內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能，是不及物動詞，用主動表示被動，這時不用被動語態(tài)，常見的有：示被動，這時不用被動語態(tài)，常見的有：write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook 等。如：等。如： The cloth washes eas

15、ily. 這布很好洗。這布很好洗。 The new product sells well. 這新產(chǎn)品很暢銷。這新產(chǎn)品很暢銷。 The pen writes smoothly. 這支筆寫字很流暢。這支筆寫字很流暢。 對比：對比： The books sell well. (主動句主動句) The books were sold out. (被動句被動句) The meat didnt cook well. (主動句主動句) The meat was cooked for a long time. (被動句被動句)2、表示主語狀態(tài)特征的連系動詞：、表示主語狀態(tài)特征的連系動詞：look, feel,

16、 smell, taste, sound, prove, appear等。等。例如：例如： Do you like the material? Yes, it _ very soft. A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is feltCYour idea sounds reasonable. What he said proved to be correct. 3 3、動名詞主動形式表示被動意義、動名詞主動形式表示被動意義 1）. 在在need, require, want(需要需要)等動詞等動詞后，表示某物后，表示某物(人人)要進(jìn)行要進(jìn)行處理時，后接處理時，

17、后接動名詞一般式的主動形式作賓語表示被動意動名詞一般式的主動形式作賓語表示被動意義，相當(dāng)于不定式的被動式。例如：義，相當(dāng)于不定式的被動式。例如： Youve come just in time to help us. Fine, what requires doing? (=Fine, what requires to be done?) This sentence needs _ . A. an improvement B. improve C. improving D. improvedC2. be worth 后接動名詞的主動式表示被動意義。后接動名詞的主動式表示被動意義。 His su

18、ggestion is not worth considering. 4、動詞不定式的主動形式表示被動意義、動詞不定式的主動形式表示被動意義 1. 不定式修飾的名詞或代詞和不定式有邏不定式修飾的名詞或代詞和不定式有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時。例如：輯上的主謂關(guān)系時。例如： The next train to arrive was from New York. 2. 作定語的不定式與被修飾的名詞或代詞作定語的不定式與被修飾的名詞或代詞有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，且句子的主語或間有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，且句子的主語或間接賓語與該不定式有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時。接賓語與該不定式有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系時。 Please give

19、 me something to eat. I have a lot of work to do today. ( (間接賓語間接賓語meme是是to eatto eat的邏輯主語的邏輯主語) ) ( (主語主語I I是是to doto do的邏輯主語的邏輯主語) ) 區(qū)別： I have some clothes to wash I have some clothes to be washed3. 用在作表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語的形容詞后面的用在作表語或賓語補(bǔ)足語的形容詞后面的不定式，如果與句子的主語或賓語有動賓關(guān)系不定式，如果與句子的主語或賓語有動賓關(guān)系時，一般用主動形式。例如：時，一般用主動形式

20、。例如： His speech in English was difficult to follow. Do you think him easy to get along with?( (狀語狀語to followto follow與主語有動賓關(guān)系與主語有動賓關(guān)系) )( (不定式與賓語有動賓關(guān)系不定式與賓語有動賓關(guān)系) )5，一些動詞短語沒有被動語態(tài)，如：，一些動詞短語沒有被動語態(tài)，如：take place, break out, belong to, lose heart, consist of, add up to，come true， , date back to， turn out

21、， run out等。等。如：如： The fire broke out in the capital building. 誤：誤：The fire was broke out in the capital building. 6，不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)，如：，不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài)，如：rise, happen, succeed, remain, lie等。等。 When we got to the top of the mountain, the sun had already risen. 誤：誤：The sun had already been risen. After the ear

22、thquake, few houses remained. 誤：誤：After the earthquake, few houses were remained. 7，賓語是反身代詞，相互代詞，不，賓語是反身代詞，相互代詞，不能變?yōu)楸粍泳渥拥闹髡Z，如：能變?yōu)楸粍泳渥拥闹髡Z，如： I taught myself English. 誤：誤：Myself was taught English. We love each other. 誤：誤：Each other is loved. 1.People use knives for cutting things.Knives _ _ for cutti

23、ng things.2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month. are usedarecleaned(變被動語態(tài)）變被動語態(tài)）3.I found the ticket on the floor._ _ _ _ on the floor.4.I told her to return the book in time.She _ _ to return the book in time.The ticket was

24、 found was told5. His doctor made him have only two meals a day.He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day.6.Now people can use computers to help them.Now computers _ _ _ to help them. was made to have can be used7. Did you plant many trees at this time last year?_ _ _ _ at this time last time?8.Must we finish

25、 our work today?_ our work_ _ today?Were many trees plantedMust be finished9. The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps.1) _ _ _ some wonderful stamps.2) Some wonderful stamps _ _ _ _. we were given were given to us10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer.Tom _ _ to turn on the compu

26、ter.11.In this factory women do most of the work. Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory. was asked is done12.He can mend the bike in two days.The bike _ _ _ in two days.13.You must take this medicine three times a day.This medicine _ _ _ three times a day. can be mended must be taken14.The s

27、tudents in this school study German.German _ _ by the students in this school.15.Do they often talk about this question?_ this question often _ about _ _? is studiedIs talked by them16.Someone must help me move away the heavy bag.I must _ _ to move away this heavy bag.17.Was the window broken by Tom

28、?（變?yōu)橹鲃诱Z態(tài)）（變?yōu)橹鲃诱Z態(tài)）_ Tom_ the window? be helpedDid break18.The tractor wasnt driven out of the road.He_ _ the tractor out of the road.19.Doesnt Bob clean the street every day?_ the street _ by Bob every day? didnt driveIsnt cleaned20.What can they do to finish the work on time?_ _ _ _ by them to finis

29、h the work?What can be done區(qū)別： Half of the guests _(invite) to the conference were foreigners. Half of the guests _(invite) to the conference1.He was surprised to his room thoroughly _.(clean)find2. the test _(finish), we began to analyze the result.With3.The topics _ (discuss) at yesterdays meeting

30、 I. 用括號內(nèi)單詞或短語的正確形式填空。用括號內(nèi)單詞或短語的正確形式填空。1. This mountainous area in my hometown _ (name) a national wildlife reserve several years ago.2. The meat didnt taste very good. It _ (cook) too long.3. He will stop showing off, if no notice _ (take) of him.4. In some of the museums, visitors _ (request) not t

31、o take photos there.was named had been cookedis takenare requested5. Youve failed to do what you _ (expect) to again and Im afraid your mother will blame you.6. By the time you graduate from college, great changes _ (take place) in your hometown.7. The dumplings were so delicious that they _ (sell)

32、in no time.8. All the drivers _ (make) to drive more carefully after the new Highway Code takes effect.were expected were expected will have taken placewere sold will be made9. All the preparations for the trip to Beijing _ (complete), and were ready to start off.10. A boy on a bike _ (catch) my att

33、ention. He was riding beside the bus and waving his arms. (2014年新課標(biāo)全國卷年新課標(biāo)全國卷II第第 二部分二部分)have been completedcaughtDrills：A:1.It suddenly snowed while Mary _for the bus.A.waited B.waits C.was waiting D.was waited2.A big power station( )_in my home town now.A.has been built B.is being built C.has buil

34、t D.is building .3.Stamps_by people for sending letters.A.use B.using C.used D.are used.4.Must old people_to politely?A.speak B.spoken C.be spoke D.be spokenCBDD5.Bike mustnt_everywhere.A.be up B.be put C.put C.putting6.The woman fell off the bike and _on the road.A.lay B.was lain C.lied D.has lain7

35、.The old man and the children_in our country.A.must take good care B.must be take good care ofC.must take good care of Dmust be taken good care of 8.Granny Wang told the little children that the sun_From the east.A.has risenB.rise C.rises D.is risen BADC9.All trees must_well when it is dry.A.be wate

36、r B.watering C.water D.be watered10._I think the shop_._No,its open. It_at six. closed Asked Bwill be asked C.closed;closesD.closes;is 11.This bike is made in America. Its_for travelling.A.use B.using C.to use D.usedDDDIII. 用括號內(nèi)動詞的正確時態(tài)填空。用括號內(nèi)動詞的正確時態(tài)填空。John has always travelled a lot. In fact, when h

37、e was only two years old he first 1. _ (fly) to the US. His mother is Italian and his father is American. John was born in France, but his parents 2. _ (meet) in Cologne, Germany after they had been living there for five years. They met one day while Johns father 3. _ (read) a book in the library an

38、d his mother 4. _ (sit) down beside him. Anyway, John 5. _ (travel) a lot because his parents also travel a lot.flewhad metwas readingsattravelsAs a matter of fact, John 6. _ (visit) his parents in France at the moment. He lives in New York now, but 7. _ (stay) with his parents for the past few week

39、s. He really enjoys living in New York, but he also loves coming to visit his parents at least once a year. This year he 8. _ (fly) over 50,000 miles for his job. He has been working for Jackson & Co. for almost two years now. Hes pretty sure that he 9. _ (work) for them next year as well. is vi

40、sitinghas been staying has flown will be working His job requires a lot of travel. In fact, by the end of this year, he 10. _ (travel) over 120,000 miles! His next journey 11. _ (be) to Australia. He really doesnt like going to Australia because it is so far. This time he 12. _ (fly) from Paris after a meeting with the companys French partner. He 13. _ (sit) for over 18 hours by the time he arrives! will have travelledwill be / is going to be is going to flywill have been sitting John 14. _ (talk) with his parents earlier this evening when his girlfriend from New York telep