中考閱讀理解直接理解性題目

1、中考閱讀理解直接理解性題目、理解語義理解性題目、邏輯推理性題目和歸納概括性題目解題方法及練習(xí)附詳細(xì)解析同學(xué)們好，我們今天要一起研究的是直接理解性閱讀理解題應(yīng)該怎樣解答，這類題的解題要點(diǎn)是找到問題中的關(guān)鍵詞，根據(jù)所劃的關(guān)鍵詞到原文中找對(duì)應(yīng)詞：指出文章中與題中所劃關(guān)鍵詞的意思相反或相近對(duì)應(yīng)詞。該對(duì)應(yīng)詞可能與關(guān)鍵詞相同也可能不同。對(duì)應(yīng)詞所在的句子或句子部分極可能包含解題信息的信息句。將該句認(rèn)真閱讀后，再將四個(gè)答案與此句內(nèi)容對(duì)照后，就會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)有一答案的信息與信息句的信息大致相同，則該答案即為正確答案。         下面有一篇文章，

2、希望同學(xué)們將講解暫停，用10分鐘將此題做完，然后對(duì)照講解找到正確的答案。Passage 1If you look at the sky one night and see something moving and shining that you have never seen before, it might be a comet (彗星).A comet sometimes looks like a star. Like a planet, a comet has no light of its own. It shines from the sunlight it reflects (反

3、射). Like the earth, a comet goes round the sun, but on a much longer path (軌道) than the earth travels.If a comet isnt a star, what is it then?Some scientists think that a large part of a comet is water frozen into pieces of ice and mixed with iron and rock dust and perhaps a few big pieces of rock.

4、When sunshine melts (融化) the ice in the comet, great clouds of gas go trailing after it. These clouds, together with the dust, form a long tail.Many people perhaps have seen a comet. However no one knows how many comets there are. There may be millions of comets, but only a few come close enough for

5、 us to see.An Englishman named Edmund Halley, who lived from 1656 to 1742, found out a lot about the paths that comets take through the sky. Some comets move out of our sight and never come back. Others keep coming back at regular times. A big comet that keeps coming back was named after Halley beca

6、use he was the one who worked out when it would come back again. Maybe you have ever seen Halleys Comets because the last time it came close to the sun and the earth was in the year 1986. Then people all over the world were outside at night to look at it. You will probably be able to see Halleys Com

7、ets when it comes near the earth again.1.A comet is like _.A. sun B. moon C. sunlight D. the earth2.A large part of a comet is _.A.water and rock         B. water frozen into pieces of ice and mixed with ironC. ice, iron and rock dust      

8、   D. only a few big pieces of rock3.Maybe many people _.A. havent seen any comets B. have seen all cometsC. have seen a comet at daytime D. have seen a comet4.Some comets keep coming back _.A. at any time B. at noon C. at regular times D. at daytime5.Halleys Comets came back _.  

9、;     A. in 1990 B. in 1980 C. in 1986 D. in 1989Passage 1【答案與解析】本文向我們介紹了有關(guān)彗星方面的知識(shí)。與地球一樣，彗星也是繞太陽旋轉(zhuǎn)的，它本身不發(fā)光，靠反射太陽的光而發(fā)亮。短文中還介紹了彗星的成因，它拖著的長尾巴是如何形成的以及著名的哈雷彗星名字的由來。1.D?！癓ike the earth, a comet goes round the sun, but”是判斷本題的根據(jù)。2.C。根據(jù)“is water frozen into pieces of ice and mixed with ir

10、on and rock dust and perhaps a few big pieces of rock.”這句話即能得出答案。3.D。由第五段的首句“Many people perhaps have seen a comet.”可知。4.C?！癝ome comets move out of our sight and never come back. Others keep coming back at regular times.”一句是答案的出處。5.C。哈雷彗星每七十六年才能看到一次。再結(jié)合“the last time it came close to the sun and the

11、 earth was in the year 1986.”這句話的意思，即可得到答案。上面的五個(gè)問題我們都可以很容易的在原文找到對(duì)應(yīng)的部分，這種題實(shí)際上是最不容易出錯(cuò)誤的，因?yàn)橹灰阏业搅藢?duì)應(yīng)句，即使有個(gè)別的單詞不能理解，也能夠答對(duì)，下面再來試一文章，看看你的準(zhǔn)確率哦。Passage 2          A farmer had a cow. He took very good care of this cow and one day when it was ill, he was very worried. H

12、e telephoned the vet.“Whats the problem?” The vet asked him when he arrived.“My cow's ill,” the farmer said. “I dont know what's the matter with her. Shes lying down and wont eat. She's making a strange noise.”The vet looked over the cow. "She's certainly ill," he said, &qu

13、ot;and she needs to take some very strong medicine."He took a bottle out of his box, put two pills into his hand and said, "Give her these. The pills should make her better." “How should I give them to her?” the farmer asked.The vet gave him a tube (管子)and said, "Put this tube in

14、 her mouth, then put the pills in the tube and blow. That'll make it."The next day the vet came to the farm again. The farmer was sitting outside his house and looked more worried.“How's your cow?” the vet asked.“No change,” the farmer said, “and Im feeling very strange myself.”“Oh?” th

15、e vet said, "Why?"“I did what you said,” the farmer answered. “I put the tube in the cow's mouth and then put two pills down it.”“And?” the vet asked.“The cow blew first,” the farmer said.1.In the story, the vet must be _.A. the farmer's friend B. a milk factory C. a hospital for c

16、ows D. a doctor for animals2.The farmer asked the vet for help when his cow _A. couldn't lie down B. didn't eat the pills C. couldn't make any noise D. was ill3.What medicine did the vet give the farmer?A. Bottle of pills. B. A long tube.C. Two pills. D. A small box.4.The vet taught the

17、farmer how _.A. to blow the tube B. to make the cow take the pillsC. to take the medicine D. to put the tube in his mouth5.Which of the following is true?A. The farmer ate the pills himself.B. The cow got better after taking the medicine.C. The vet came to help farmer change the cow the next day.D.

18、The farmer waited for the vet outside his house the next day.Passage 2【答案與解析】這篇令人忍俊不禁的幽默的主要內(nèi)容是：一個(gè)農(nóng)夫的牛病倒了。獸醫(yī)給了他一些藥和一根管子，并告訴他怎么樣用這根管子給牛喂藥。第二天，獸醫(yī)再次到農(nóng)場時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)那位農(nóng)夫坐在家門口，一臉的焦慮不安。原來他的牛病情并沒有好轉(zhuǎn)。他說自己按照獸醫(yī)的囑咐做了，可當(dāng)他將管子插入牛的嘴里，并放進(jìn)兩粒藥丸，正想吹氣時(shí)，牛卻先吹了一口氣。1.D。根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，很容易推測出該詞的漢語意思是“獸醫(yī)”。答案當(dāng)然是D。2.D。由“Shes lying down and wont e

19、at. She's making a strange noise.”可以排除A和B。C顯然不對(duì)。3.C?！癏e took a bottle out of his box, put two pills into his hand”一句是答案的出處。4.B。 由“How should I give them to her?”這句話可知。5.A.根據(jù)短文最后一句話，不難想象，沒等農(nóng)夫吹氣，牛先吹了一口氣，將藥丸吹到了農(nóng)夫的嘴里。         做這樣類型的題有一種小技巧，你可以在回答問題的時(shí)候同時(shí)把答案的相應(yīng)部分用筆標(biāo)出

20、來，這樣的好處有兩個(gè)，一是提高準(zhǔn)確率，二是當(dāng)你覺得哪個(gè)答案有可能有誤差的時(shí)候可以只針對(duì)那句話和它的上下文來判斷，不必閱讀整篇文章。       下面是兩篇練習(xí)，看看你今天是否掌握了方法，一定要先做完再看答案和講解哦。Passage 3On November 18th, 1908, three men went up in a balloon. They started early in London. The headman was Auguste Gaudron, and the other two men were Tannar

21、and Maitland. They had a big balloon, and they were ready for a long way.Soon they heard the sea below them. They were carrying the usual rope , and it was hanging down from the basket of the balloon. At the end of the rope they had tied a metal box. This could hold water. Or it could be empty. So t

22、hey were able to change its weight. They were also carrying some bags of sand.After the sun rose, the balloon went higher. It went up to 3,000 meters, and the air was very cold. The water in the balloon became ice. Snow fell past the mens basket, and they could see more snow on the ground. There was

23、 also some snow on the balloon, and that made it very heavy. It began to go down towards the ground. The men tried to throw out some more sand; but it was hard. They tried to break the icy sand with their knives, but it was not easy. The work was slow and they were still falling; so they had to drop

24、 some whole bags of sand. One of them fell on an icy lake below and made a black hole in the ice.At last they pulled the box into the basket. It was still snowing; so they climbed to get away from the snow. They rose to 5,100 meters! Everything became icy. They were so cold that they decided to land

25、. They came down in Poland heavily but safely. They had traveled 1,797 kilometers from London!1.Three men flew in a balloon _.A. more than a century ago B. to visit PolandC. for nearly 1,800 kilometers D. to another city2.The metal box was used for _.A. changing weight B. carrying ropes of the baske

26、tC. keeping drinking water D. carrying the bags of sand3.When the balloon went up higher, _.A.they saw the sun go down B. the temperature of the balloon began to fallC. they could see a black hole on the ground D. they made a hole in the basket with their knives4.The balloon landed _.A. in a foreign

27、 country B. on a lake C. in London D. on the sea5.The three men had to land because _.A.they were very hungry B. they had not enough sandC. they pulled the box into the basket D. they felt too coldPassage 3【答案與解析】這是發(fā)生在歷史上的一則歷險(xiǎn)小故事。1908年12月，三個(gè)人乘坐氣球從倫敦出發(fā)，進(jìn)行了一次長途旅行。為了能有效地控制氣球的重量，他們在氣球下方掛了一個(gè)能盛水的金屬盒子，還事先攜

28、帶了沙子。隨著氣球的升高，氣球上面結(jié)滿了冰，于是引起了一系列的麻煩。歷盡千難萬險(xiǎn)，總算化險(xiǎn)為夷?？僧?dāng)氣球升至五千多米的高空時(shí)，他們實(shí)在無法忍受嚴(yán)寒，結(jié)果在波蘭安全降落。1.C。由首句的1908年可知A項(xiàng)有誤。另外，這三個(gè)人打算從倫敦出發(fā)乘氣球作長距離旅行，由于天氣狀況不好，只好在波蘭(Poland)著陸。行程達(dá)1,797公里，將近1,800公里。2.A. 根據(jù)“This could hold water. Or it could be empty. So they were able to change its weight.”可知，金屬盒里盛的水是并非是飲用水，而是用來改變氣球重量的。文中還

29、說他們同時(shí)也帶了幾袋沙子來調(diào)節(jié)氣球的重量。3.B.根據(jù)“It went up to 3,000 meters, and the air was very cold.”或地理常識(shí)可斷定B為最佳答案。4.A.如果氣球降落在湖上或海上，那將是很危險(xiǎn)的，聯(lián)系“They came down in Poland heavily but safely”，可知A是最佳答案。5.D.答案源自最后一段中的“They were so cold that they decided to land.”一句。Passage 4If you get into the forest with your friends, st

30、ay with them always. If you dont, you may get lost. If you really get lost, this is what you should do. Sit down and stay where you are. Dont try to find your friendslet them find you by staying in one place.There is another way to help your friends or other nearby people to find you. Give them a si

31、gnal (信號(hào)) by shouting or whistling (吹口哨) three times. Any signal given three times is a call for help.Keep up shouting or whistling always three times together. When people hear you, they will know that you are not just making noise for fun. They will let you know that they have heard your signal. T

32、hey give you two shouts, two whistles, or two gun-shots (槍聲). When someone gives you a signal, it is an answer to a call for help.If you dont think that you will get help before night comes, try to make a little house-cover up to the holes with branches (樹枝) with lots of leaves. Make yourself a soft

33、 bed with leaves and grass.What should you do if you get hungry or need drinking water? You would have to leave your little house to look for a river. Dont just walk away. Pick off small branches and drop them as you walk so that you can find your way back. The most important thing to do when you ar

34、e lost isstay in one place.1.If you lost in the forest, you should _.A.stay where you are and give signals three timesB.walk around the forest and shout so that your friends could hear youC.try to find your friends as soon as possibleD.try to get out of the forest and shout for help2.If you want to

35、let people believe that you are not just making noise for fun, you should _.A. tell people that you are lost B. keep up shouting or whistlingC. shout at the top of your voice D. shout or whistle three times3.When you hear two shouts, or whistles, or gunshots, _.A. you should shout more loudly B. you

36、 can whistle three timesC. it is an answer to your call for help D. you should try to run to them4.When you want to leave your place to get drinking water, you should _.A.just go to the river B. find some glasses or bottles before you goC. make a fire so that you can have some teaD. leave marks so t

37、hat you can find your way back5.This passage mainly tells you _.A.when you hear a signal always three times, it is a call for helpB.What you should do if you get lost in a forestC.any signal given twice means an answer to a call for helpD.how you can live longer in a forestPassage 4【答案與解析】如果一個(gè)人在森林中迷

38、了路，他該怎么辦呢？本文講述了一個(gè)很重要的方法：原地不動(dòng)，讓別人來找你。為了讓附近的人盡快發(fā)現(xiàn)你處于困境，你可以大喊三聲或者吹三聲口哨。在別人找到你之前，你還應(yīng)當(dāng)學(xué)會(huì)自我保護(hù)。比如怎樣做飯或者搭建一張床等。1.A。“Sit down and stay where you are.”和“Give them a signal by shouting or whistling three times.”是解答本小題的關(guān)鍵句子。2.D。該題的答案源自“Keep up shouting or whistling always three times together. When people hear

39、you, they will know that you are not just making noise for fun.”一句中。3.C?！癟hey give you two shouts, two whistles, or two gun-shots. When someone gives you a signal, it is an answer to a call for help.”是答案的出處。4.D。根據(jù)“Dont just walk away. Pick off small branches and drop them as you walk so that you can

40、 find your way back.”可知“當(dāng)你離開原地去找水喝時(shí)，不要徑直走開，要在路上留下標(biāo)記，以便能找到回到原地方的路?！?.B。由文章末句“The most important thing to do when you are lost isstay in one place.”和開頭的“this is what you should do.”可不難得出答案。中考閱讀理解語義理解性題目解題方法及練習(xí)語義理解性題目：題目要求對(duì)文中個(gè)別單詞、關(guān)鍵詞、詞組或句子做出解釋。解答這類題目時(shí)需要對(duì)有關(guān)的上下文，甚至整篇文章的內(nèi)容建立準(zhǔn)確、立體的理解才能做出正確答案。對(duì)于這類題目我們可以用下面的

41、解題方法來解答：（1）快速閱讀文章后的45道題目，并將題目中的關(guān)鍵詞（一般為實(shí)詞，含有重要信息）用筆劃下來。這樣做的目的有兩個(gè)：一是獲得將要閱讀的文章的大概意思，二是為解題做好準(zhǔn)備。 （2） 快速閱讀原文。一邊閱讀一邊劃出文章中的含有重要信息的詞、短語或句子。如果將文章中的重要信息都劃出來了，到第三步解題時(shí)尋找所需信息就容易了。這比盲目地尋找方便得多。 （3）根據(jù)文章中所闡述的事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)和上下文的暗示與線索進(jìn)行綜合分析，然后做出推斷預(yù)測或得出合情合理的結(jié)論。因此，考生必須細(xì)讀全文，不僅要懂得文章的表層意義，還要理解深層的內(nèi)含；不僅要掌握作者的觀點(diǎn)傾向，還要獲取字里行間隱含的信息。但同時(shí)必須提醒考

42、生的是切忌無根無據(jù)地隨意猜想或推理，把白的東西說成是黑的，把自己的觀點(diǎn)當(dāng)作是作者的。也就是說你所做的每一個(gè)推斷或引申都應(yīng)該是合情合理的，具有充分依據(jù)的。 Passage 1Weve talked about snails (蝸牛) and their slow move. But much of the time snails dont move at all. They are in their shells (殼) sleeping.Hot sun will dry out a snails body. So at the least sign of hot sun, a snail dr

43、aws its body into his shell. A snail will die in a heavy rain. So when it rains, a snail does the same thing, too. A snail can sleep for as long as it needs to. It spends all the winter months in its shell, asleep.In the spring the snail wakes up. Its body, about three inches long, comes out from th

44、e shell. When hungry, the snail looks for food. Its eyes, at the end of the top feelers (觸角), are very weak. But its sense (感覺) of smell is very strong. It helps the snail to find food and the new greens.A snails mouth is no bigger than the point of a pin (大頭針). Yet it has 256,000 teeth! The teeth a

45、re very small, and you cant see them. If you put a snail in a hard paper box, it will eat its way out! And if a snail wears out its teeth, it will grow new ones.1.A snail _.A. moves more slowly at nightB. has thousands of feetC. doesnt move at all       D. sleeps much of the

46、 time2.In the sentence “A snail draws its body into its shell”, the word “draw” means _.A. to make with a pencil     B. to pushC. to pull      D. to move away3.From the story, we know _.A. a snails shell is very thin B. a snail cant see wellC. a snails no

47、se is quite short D. a snails body changes in different seasons4.A snail goes to sleep when _.A. it feels hungry B. it is put into a paper boxC. spring is coming D. it rains heavily5.Which of the following is wrong?A. In winter the snail doesnt eat or move.B.A snail doesnt like living under the sun.

48、C.The snails teeth cant be worn out.D.The snails nose helps to find food.【答案與解析】這篇短文向我們介紹了蝸牛的生活習(xí)性。無論是烈日當(dāng)空，還是大雨滂沱，蝸牛都會(huì)像整個(gè)冬季一樣，呆在殼里睡覺。春天來臨的時(shí)候，蝸牛就拖著三英寸長的身體從殼里鉆出來，靠它那靈敏的觸角覓食。別看它的嘴比大頭針尖大不了多少，卻長著25萬多顆牙齒呢！ 1.D。根據(jù)開頭的“But much of the time snails dont move at all. They are in their shells -sleeping.”這句話，顯然只有D

49、是正確答案。2.C。本題屬熟詞新義。由“Hot sun will dry out a snails body. So at the least sign of hot sun, a snail draws its body into his shell.”一句的意思，尤其是要仔細(xì)考慮關(guān)鍵詞“into”對(duì)猜測詞義的輔助作用，可知蝸牛一旦碰到炙熱的太陽，就會(huì)把身體蜷縮進(jìn)殼里。3.B。答案即是“Its eyes, at the end of the top feelers are very weak.”這句話。4.D。關(guān)鍵要理解好“So when it rains, a snail does the

50、 same thing, too.”這句話中的“the same thing”的意思。事實(shí)上，由“In the spring the snail wakes up. comes out from the shell.”和“in a hard paper box, it will eat its way out!”是很容易排除B、C和A的。5.C。根據(jù)短文最后一句話“And if a snail wears out its teeth, it will grow new ones.”，可以判斷C項(xiàng)是明顯的錯(cuò)誤。Passage2This dictionary tells you about Eng

51、lish words and how to use them in reading, writing and speaking English. It not only gives the meaning of words, it can also help you with spelling, word building, grammar and pronunciation.To use your dictionary correctly, you need to understand how the dictionary works. At the front of the book, y

52、ou will find some exercises to help you make the most use of your dictionary.If you look up the word “colour”, you will find two spellings for this word. “Colour” is used in British English, while “color” is used in American English. When such a thing happens, the dictionary shows it with the word “

53、BrE” for British English and “AmE” for American English. The dictionary also helps you pronounce words correctly. It uses a special alphabet (特殊字母表) to show pronunciation. If you turn to the inside back face, you will see all the phonetic letters (音標(biāo)) with some words to show you how they are pronoun

54、ced. Just have a look this page when youre not sure how to say a word.The most important reason for using a dictionary is to find out the meaning of a wordits DEFINITION.In this dictionary, the definitions have been written using only 2000 words. This means that the definitions of even the most diff

55、icult words are simply explained (簡單解釋) and easy to understand.When a word has more than one meaning, read all the meanings until you find the one that correctly tells the use of the word you are looking for.Most of the words in this dictionary can be used by people in all parts of the world.1.This

56、dictionary cannot help you with _.A. singing B. grammar C. spelling D. pronunciation2. _of the words in the dictionary have two spellings.A. All B. One C. Few D. Some 3.The AmE spelling of the Chinese word “顏色”in this dictionary is_.A. colour B. collar C. color D. corner 4.The phonetic alphabet help

57、s you each word correctly.A. understand B. write C. say D. know 5.The Chinese meaning of “definition” here is _.A. 詞性 B. 詞條 C. 詞義 D. 詞庫 6.How many words are there in this dictionary？_. A. Two thousand B. One thousand C. One hundred D. We dont know 7.The dictionary explains _. A. some of the difficul

58、t words B. all the words in a simple way C. all the easy words D. the words of two meanings 【答案與解析】這篇短文可能是一本英文詞典的“序言”，介紹了這本詞典的用途和使用方法。另外，該文中還著重提到了American English和British English在拼寫上存在的差異。1.A.通過短文第一段的第一個(gè)句子，幾乎不費(fèi)力氣就能選出正確答案。         2.D.此題需要仔細(xì)推敲第二段文字，通過理解段意(如果熟悉英文詞典或懂得一些英文詞典的使用常識(shí)則可以直接進(jìn)行選擇)和推敲四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的詞語意思而確定。All和One都屬于“走極端”的選項(xiàng)，不能入選；Few本義是“幾乎沒有”，不符合文意，只有D項(xiàng)