人教版高中英語選修七U1LivingwellP3Grammar課件(共57張PPT)

1、Unit 1Revise the InfinitiveRevise the Infinitive GrammarDo you believe I can fly like a bird?How can you believe I can fly like a bird? _is to believe. Its impossible for humans _now.To seeto fly like a birdMarty says2. I used to climb trees, swim and play football.3. Then I started to get weaker an

2、d weaker. Unfortunately, the doctors dont know how to make me better, but I am very outgoing and have learned to adapt to my disability.4. Even after all that, no one could give my disease a name and it is difficult to know what the future holds.5. Sometimes, too, I was too weak to go to school so m

3、y education suffered.6. My ambition is to work for a firm that develops computer software when I grow up. Marty saysMarty says7. Last year I inventedand a big company has decided to buy it from me.8. I also have to do a lot of work, especially if I have been away for a while.9. Just accept them for

4、who they are, and give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life as you do.不定式由“to+動(dòng)詞原形”構(gòu)成,其否定形式是“not/never to do”,不定式可以帶賓語或狀語構(gòu)成不定式短語,沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,但有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。不定式可以作主語、賓語、狀語、表語和定語，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語。不定式的邏輯主語有時(shí)用“for+名詞或代詞賓格”構(gòu)成。不定式不定式動(dòng)詞不定式的作用動(dòng)詞不定式的作用 Functions of Infinitive 1 主語主語 (subject) 2 表語表語 (predica

5、tive) 3 賓語賓語 (object) 4 賓補(bǔ)賓補(bǔ) (object complement) 5 定語定語 (attribute) 6 狀語狀語 (adverbial) 7. 獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu) (absolute construction) 1 不定式作主語不定式作主語 (subject)To keep smiling is healthy for you.Its important to look up the new words in the dictionary when you study English.單個(gè)不定式作主語時(shí)單個(gè)不定式作主語時(shí), ,謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。若

6、不定式太長若不定式太長, ,往往用往往用itit作形式主語作形式主語, ,不不定式后置。定式后置。 My job to protect the world. Your task is to _ .2 不定式作表語不定式作表語 (predicative) Seeing is to believe. To see is believing. Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. 不定式常用在系動(dòng)詞不定式常用在系動(dòng)詞 be, seem, appear, get, remain等后作表語。等后作表語。All you have to do is (to)

7、finish the job quickly.如果主語部分有個(gè)表示不定式內(nèi)容的如果主語部分有個(gè)表示不定式內(nèi)容的do, 用作表語的不定式可省略用作表語的不定式可省略to。 Yao Ming likes to play basketball. I find it still necessary (for him) to _ if he wants to win. 3 不定式作賓語不定式作賓語 (object)句型：句型：think/ consider/ find it + adj.+ to do 常接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有：常接動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有：agree, afford, appear

8、, ask, attempt,care, choose, claim, dare, decide, demand, deserve, determine, expect, fail, get, hate, hesitate, hope, hurry, intend, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, tend, threaten,want, wish。4 不定式作賓補(bǔ)不定式作賓補(bǔ) (object complement)My mum asks me to play the piano two

9、hours every day.The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.I expect you to give me some help.引導(dǎo)不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞：引導(dǎo)不定式作賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞：warn, tell, allow, help, ask, force等等+sb to do sth listen to hear watch 五看五看 see look at observe notice三三使使 let make have 二聽二聽一感覺一感覺: feel+ sb do sth（不帶不帶to）1. They saw the boy fall

10、suddenly from the tree. The boy was seen to fall suddenly from the tree.但當(dāng)以上的動(dòng)詞用于被動(dòng)式，但當(dāng)以上的動(dòng)詞用于被動(dòng)式，to要還原：要還原： Mother made John wash the car for a week. John was made to wash the car for a week.不定式做賓補(bǔ)時(shí)不帶不定式做賓補(bǔ)時(shí)不帶to的情況的情況1 不定式在感官動(dòng)詞不定式在感官動(dòng)詞(feel, hear, listen to, watch, look at, notice, observe)后；后；2 使役

11、動(dòng)詞使役動(dòng)詞 ( let, have, make)后邊作后邊作賓補(bǔ)時(shí)賓補(bǔ)時(shí), 省去省去to, 但是在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中但是在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中要還原要還原to；3 不定式用在介詞不定式用在介詞but, except, besides后時(shí)后時(shí), 如果這些介詞前有行為動(dòng)詞如果這些介詞前有行為動(dòng)詞do的的各種形式各種形式, 那么介詞后的不定式不帶那么介詞后的不定式不帶to,相反則帶相反則帶to。1. She could do nothing but cry.2. I have no choice but to go.3.What do you like to do besides sleep.5 不定式作定語不定式

12、作定語 (attribute)Kate is looking for a suitable coat to wear.Tom has a nice pen to write with.1. 不定式做定語時(shí)常放在被修飾的名不定式做定語時(shí)常放在被修飾的名詞或代詞之后詞或代詞之后 (a) She was very busy and had no time to visit her friends. (b) Ladies and gentlemen, I have something important to tell you.不定式作定語不定式作定語不定式作定語與所修飾的詞之間有不定式作定語與所修飾

13、的詞之間有三種關(guān)系：三種關(guān)系：I have a lot of work to do.我有很多工作要做。我有很多工作要做。 He is always the first to come.他總是第一個(gè)來。他總是第一個(gè)來。 We all have a chance to go to college.我們都有上大學(xué)的機(jī)會。我們都有上大學(xué)的機(jī)會。(1) 動(dòng)賓關(guān)系動(dòng)賓關(guān)系(2)主謂關(guān)系主謂關(guān)系(3)同位關(guān)系同位關(guān)系2. 當(dāng)名詞被當(dāng)名詞被the first ,the last, the only 等詞以及形容詞最高級修飾時(shí)等詞以及形容詞最高級修飾時(shí) eg: She is always the first t

14、o come and the last to leave.3. something, anything, nothing, everything等復(fù)合不定代詞常用不定式等復(fù)合不定代詞常用不定式做后置定語。做后置定語。注意比較：注意比較：1) Have you anything to send? 你有什么東西要寄嗎？你有什么東西要寄嗎？2) Have you anything to be sent? 你有什么要（我或別人）寄的東西嗎？你有什么要（我或別人）寄的東西嗎？ （不定式（不定式to send的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是you）（不定式（不定式to be sent的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者是的動(dòng)作執(zhí)行者

15、是已被省略的已被省略的me 或或someone else） 4. 如果不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞如果不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞, 則后面需適則后面需適 當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。 Please pass me some paper to write_. on3. 也可用在也可用在have to do和和there be 句型中。句型中。 There is no one to take care of her. I have no jewelry to wear.I got up early to _.You came here to_.in order to, so as to,enough to,only to,

16、 too.tocatch the train 6 不定式作狀語不定式作狀語 (adverbial) 在一些短語中也有體現(xiàn)在一些短語中也有體現(xiàn)eg: He spoke loudly (so as / in order) to be heard.1. 表示目的表示目的: to in order to so as to 6 不定式作狀語不定式作狀語 (adverbial) 2. 表示原因表示原因: 不定式可以用在作表語的形容詞后作不定式可以用在作表語的形容詞后作狀語狀語, sorry, surprised, happy, glad, eager, angry, foolish, right, wro

17、ng, slow, quick, rude, cruel, disappointed等。等。eg: Im glad/pleased to see you. We were surprised to hear the news.so + adj. / adv. + as to dosuch + adj. + n. +as to doadj. / adv.+ enough + to dotoo + adv. / adj. +to do He was so foolish as to believe it. = He was such a fool as to believe it. = He wa

18、s foolish enough to believe it.3. 結(jié)果狀語結(jié)果狀語: :To tell the truth, I am not happy at the moment.to be frank, to be honest, to tell the truth7 獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu) (absolute construction) 1. It is good to help others. 2. It is my ambition to make sure that the disabled people in our neighborhood have access to all

19、public buildings. 3. My ambition is to work in the computer industry when I grow up. Identify its function.Identify its function.(subject)(subject)(predicative)想一想想一想4. I dont have time to sit around feeling sorry for myself. 5. I am the only student in my class to have a pet snake. 6. A big company

20、 has decided to buy it from me. 7. My fellow students have begun to accept me for who I am. (attribute)(attribute)(object)(object)8. I have had to work hard to live a normal life. 9. Some days I am too tired to get out of bed. 10. We must call on local government to give financial assistance to disa

21、bled people. (adverbial)(adverbial)(object complement)動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)動(dòng)詞不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)形形 式式 主主 動(dòng)動(dòng) 被被 動(dòng)動(dòng)一般式一般式進(jìn)行式進(jìn)行式完成式完成式完成進(jìn)完成進(jìn)行式行式to doto have doneto be doingto have been doingto be doneto have beendone(1) They pretended not to see us.(2) He pretended to be sleeping. (3) She pretended to have known it before

22、.(一般式表示與謂語的動(dòng)作同時(shí)一般式表示與謂語的動(dòng)作同時(shí)/幾乎幾乎/發(fā)發(fā)生在它之后。生在它之后。)(在謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的同時(shí)在謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的同時(shí),不定式的動(dòng)作也不定式的動(dòng)作也正在進(jìn)行。正在進(jìn)行。)(完成式表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前。完成式表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作之前。)(4) Were happy to have been working with you. (完成進(jìn)行式表示謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前完成進(jìn)行式表示謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生之前,不定式的動(dòng)作一直在進(jìn)行而且可能之后也不定式的動(dòng)作一直在進(jìn)行而且可能之后也繼續(xù)。繼續(xù)。)不定式的時(shí)態(tài)不定式的時(shí)態(tài) 不定式的一般式不定式的一般式 to do I am glad to

23、see you. He has decided to give her some money. 表示的動(dòng)作通常與謂語所表示的動(dòng)作表示的動(dòng)作通常與謂語所表示的動(dòng)作 或狀態(tài)同時(shí)或者幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，或是或狀態(tài)同時(shí)或者幾乎同時(shí)發(fā)生，或是 在它之后發(fā)生。在它之后發(fā)生。不定式的進(jìn)行式不定式的進(jìn)行式to be doingI am very glad to be working with you.He pretended to be working hardwhen his boss passed him.表示的動(dòng)作通常與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)表示的動(dòng)作通常與謂語動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。作同時(shí)發(fā)生。不定式的完成式不定

24、式的完成式 to have doneHe happened to have seen the film before. The novel is believed to have been translated into Chinese.不定式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作不定式所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)之前。或狀態(tài)之前。He wanted to have met you at the airport, but he didnt get there in time.表示過去沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的期待或者計(jì)劃表示過去沒有實(shí)現(xiàn)的期待或者計(jì)劃hoped, promised, wanted, wished, e

25、xpected, planned不定式的完成式不定式的完成式 to have doneHe would like to have played theviolin at the concert.不定式的完成式在不定式的完成式在would like后邊表示后邊表示未能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。未能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。 不定式的語態(tài)不定式的語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài) to do 被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài) to be doneIt is an honor for me to be invited to attend the meeting.Everyone likes the hero to be praised.省略省略to 與省略

26、與省略doWe asked him to stay till the nextday, but he refused to.Are you a teacher? Yes, and I haveto beWhat we want to do now is lie downand have a good rest.I didnt say anything but to make a gesture.固定詞組和句型固定詞組和句型1. prefer n. (doing) to n. (doing)2. prefer to do sth rather than do sth3. would rather

27、 do4. would rather +句子（虛擬語氣）句子（虛擬語氣）5. advise/allow/permit/forbid sb to do advise/allow/permit/forbid) doing幾對易混淆的詞組：幾對易混淆的詞組：stop to do sth. 停下來去做某事停下來去做某事 doing sth.停止做某事停止做某事forget to do sth.忘記去做某事忘記去做某事 doing sth.忘記已做了某事忘記已做了某事remember to do sth.記得去做某事記得去做某事 doing sth.記得曾經(jīng)做某事記得曾經(jīng)做某事 The question

28、 is very difficult to answer. The problem is difficult to deal with.1. 主語主語be +adj. +to do 能用于此句型的形容詞有能用于此句型的形容詞有: difficult, easy, comfortable, fit, hard, pleasant, tiresome(使人疲勞的使人疲勞的), interesting, nice, heavy, dangerous, light, important, etc.主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義的不定式主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義的不定式The box is light enough to

29、carry.The river water is warm enough to swim in.2. 主語主語+be +adj. + enough +to do The books seemed too heavy to carry. The ice is too thin to skate on.3. 主語主語+be +too +adj. +to do1. Last summer I took a course on_. A. how to make dresses B. how dresses be made C. how to be made dresses D. how dresses

30、 to be made2. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ in my new job. A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects3. There are five pairs_, but I am at a loss which to buy. A to be chosen B to choose from C to choose D for choosing4. I find these problems are easy_. A. to be worke

31、d out B. to work them out C. to work out D. to be worked them out5. _late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D . Having slept6. I would love _to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. having gone C. going D. to have

32、gone7. John was made _the truck for a week as a punishment. A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing8. Tom kept quiet about the accident lose his job. A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to9. The patient was warned _oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating1 愛和被愛都是最大的幸福。愛和被愛都是最大的幸福。_ are both great happiness.2 據(jù)說他已經(jīng)完成了他的工作。據(jù)說他已經(jīng)完成了他的工作。He is said _.3 根據(jù)報(bào)道他們已安全到達(dá)。根據(jù)報(bào)道他們已安全到達(dá)。They are reported _.To love and to be lovedto have finished/completedhis work翻譯下面的句子翻譯下面的