高中英語語法：常用動詞時態(tài)

1、動詞時態(tài)動詞時態(tài) 現(xiàn)在時現(xiàn)在時過去時過去時將來時將來時過去將來時過去將來時一一般般 進進行行完完成成 完完成成進進行行各種時態(tài)一覽表do doesdidwill doshallshould wouldam is doingarewas doingwereshallwillshould be doingwouldhave donehashad doneshall have donewill should have would donehave been doinghashad been doingshall will have been doinghave been doingshould wo

2、uldbe doingdo一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時do / does一、表示現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常性的動作狀態(tài)特一、表示現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常性的動作狀態(tài)特 征。征。 The director (be) at home . Our school (have ) a big playground. Billy Crystal often (host) the Academy Award. She (like) stand-up comedy very much .二、表示客觀真理，書報的標題，小說、戲劇、圖、文等的介紹。二、表示客觀真理，書報的標題，小說、戲劇、圖、文等的介紹。 Scientists told us the

3、 earth (move) around the sun . The scene (change) back to the park . Laughter (be) good for your health .ishashostslikesmoveschangesis三、用于計劃、決定、時刻表、，句中常有時間狀語，但僅用于少三、用于計劃、決定、時刻表、，句中常有時間狀語，但僅用于少數(shù)幾個表示數(shù)幾個表示“移動移動”的動詞：的動詞：come , go , arrive , begin , leave , return , start , stop , open , close 等等,可表示將要發(fā)生

4、的動作?？杀硎緦⒁l(fā)生的動作。1.The plane (leave) for Paris at eight this evening .2.The meeting (begin) at half past two tomorrow afternoon .3.What time the shops (open) ?四、在時間、條件狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將要發(fā)四、在時間、條件狀語從句中，用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將要發(fā)生的動作。生的動作。1.When he (be)18 years old , he will join the army .2. Take an umbrella in case it

5、(rain) tomorrow .3.I wont go to his party unless she (send ) an invitation. leavesbegins do openisrainssends現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在進行時am / is / are doing 一、表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作，常與一、表示現(xiàn)在或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作，常與now , at present 等連用等連用。1.We (have) an English class now.2. the baby (sleep) next door?3. At present the environment (poll

6、ute) seriously .二、少數(shù)動詞如二、少數(shù)動詞如 come , go , arrive , begin , leave , return , start , stay 等，可以用進行時（也可以用一般現(xiàn)在時）表示按計等，可以用進行時（也可以用一般現(xiàn)在時）表示按計劃即將發(fā)生的動作。劃即將發(fā)生的動作。 I (leave) for Bejing tomorrow . Sally (stay) in her aunts home when she is in Britain .are having Is sleepingis being pollutedam leavingis stayin

7、g 三、常與三、常與always 連用，表示不滿或贊揚。連用，表示不滿或贊揚。1.She always (ask) such silly questions . 2. They always (help) others.但是并不是有但是并不是有always 就總是用進行時，請看：就總是用進行時，請看： People always (enjoy) laughing , and there always (be) humour . 1. When Crystal is the host of Academy Award , he always _(keep) a toothbrush in his

8、 pockets for good luck .is askingare helpinghave enjoyedhas beenkeeps表示感覺、情感、心理狀態(tài)的動詞如表示感覺、情感、心理狀態(tài)的動詞如smell , taste , sound ,look , feel , need hear ,like ,love, hate , know , want , wish , forget 等及等及be表示表示“是是”、have 表示表示“有有”時，不能用于進行時。時，不能用于進行時。不能說：不能說：1.We are wanting to take part in the lecture . 2

9、. The food is tasting nice . 3.Kate is knowing the answers.注意！注意！現(xiàn)在完成時現(xiàn)在完成時 have / has donehave / has done一、表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，一、表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，句中沒有具體時間，常與句中沒有具體時間，常與already , never ,ever , yet , just , recently , so far 等連用等連用 。1.She already (come) here . 2. We never (be) in a palace . 3. H

10、e (go) to Fuzhou .(去了還沒回來去了還沒回來)4. He (be) to Fuzhou .（去過已經(jīng)回來了（去過已經(jīng)回來了） 二、在時間二、在時間 / 條件狀語從句中，表示將來某時以條件狀語從句中，表示將來某時以完成的動作。完成的動作。I will go with you when I (wash) the clothes .has comehave been has gonehas beenhave washed三、表示過去開始的動作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也許還繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去，常和三、表示過去開始的動作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也許還繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去，常和since ,for 表示一段時間的狀語，或表示

11、一段時間的狀語，或so far , now , recently ,lately 等詞連用。等詞連用。1.So far, Crystal (host ) the show eight times .2.We (study) English for seven years (since 1999 ) .3.Now I (finish) my homework . have studiedhave finishedhas hosted注意注意短暫性動詞（如：短暫性動詞（如：come ,go ,return , die , join , marry , buy , leave, get, begin

12、 , catch , end , finish 等等 ）可以）可以用于完成時，但不能與用于完成時，但不能與for ,since 構(gòu)成的短語連用。如：構(gòu)成的短語連用。如：不能說：不能說：She has come here for two hours . 只能說只能說 ：She has been here for two hours . 或者說或者說 ： She came here two hours ago . 注意注意since 引導的從只能用一般過去時，主句要用引導的從只能用一般過去時，主句要用現(xiàn)在完成時。如：現(xiàn)在完成時。如：We (be) friends ever since we (me

13、et ) at school . 注意注意 have been metIts the first / second time that I have been to a foreign country.這個句型常用現(xiàn)在完成時這個句型常用現(xiàn)在完成時。你會翻譯嗎？你會翻譯嗎？.Its a long time since he joined the army . 2. Its a long time since he was in the army .3.Its four years since my father worked in that factory .4. Its four years

14、since my father started work in that factory .他參軍已經(jīng)很久了。（他還在部隊）他參軍已經(jīng)很久了。（他還在部隊）他他不在不在部隊已經(jīng)很久了部隊已經(jīng)很久了。我爸爸我爸爸不在不在那工廠工作有四年了。那工廠工作有四年了。我爸爸在那家工廠工作有四年了。我爸爸在那家工廠工作有四年了。注意注意since 從句中的從句中的短暫性動詞短暫性動詞可翻譯為可翻譯為“自從做某自從做某事以來已經(jīng)多久了事以來已經(jīng)多久了”，但，但延續(xù)性動詞延續(xù)性動詞則應(yīng)譯為則應(yīng)譯為“不做某多久了不做某多久了”現(xiàn)在完成進行時現(xiàn)在完成進行時have/has been doinghave/has b

15、een doing表示動作從過去某一時間開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，而且表示動作從過去某一時間開始，一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，而且很可能還要延續(xù)下去。它與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別在于：它很可能還要延續(xù)下去。它與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別在于：它強調(diào)動作的延續(xù)性，在沒有時間狀語時，它表示動作強調(diào)動作的延續(xù)性，在沒有時間狀語時，它表示動作（延續(xù)性動詞）仍在進行，而現(xiàn)在完成時則表示動作已（延續(xù)性動詞）仍在進行，而現(xiàn)在完成時則表示動作已經(jīng)結(jié)束。經(jīng)結(jié)束。 Look out ! Jim (paint) the door .（強（強調(diào)油漆未干）調(diào)油漆未干） Jim (paint) the door . (油漆可能已干了油漆可能已干了) I

16、(wait) for him for an hour but he still hasnt come . There he is ; I _ (wait) for him for an hour . They are tired ; they _ (work) in the field .has been paintinghas paintedhave been waitinghave waitedhave been workingExErcisEsExErcisEs( )1.A: Are the Browns still in Australia ? B: . Its years since

17、 they lived there . A. Yes B. No C. Im not sure . D. Of course( ).When tomorrow , I will serve tea to him . A. he will come B. does he come C. he comes D . will he come( )3.The police searching our neighbors house . What do you suppose ? A. are ; has happened B. is ; is happening C. is ; would happe

18、n D. were ; did happen ( )4.If you him , please go to his home early . A. will help B. helps C. help D. dont help( )5. Why tired ? I the house the whole morning . A. are you ; have cleaned B. do you ; was cleaning C. do you look ; have been cleaning D. are you looking ; am cleaning BCAAC 一般過去時一般過去時

19、did ( didnt do) 或或 were ( werent) / was ( wasnt) 記住常用的動詞記住常用的動詞過去式過去式和和過去分詞過去分詞 一、只表示動作發(fā)生在過去，或過去常發(fā)生，與一、只表示動作發(fā)生在過去，或過去常發(fā)生，與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)。常與現(xiàn)在無關(guān)。常與 yesterday , last week,two months /years ago 等連用。而現(xiàn)在完成時則強等連用。而現(xiàn)在完成時則強調(diào)過去發(fā)生的事情對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響。調(diào)過去發(fā)生的事情對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或影響。 I ( watch) the comedy before . I (watch) the comedy la

20、st year. have watchedwatched二、用二、用when / where / how 提出的疑問句及其答提出的疑問句及其答語要用一般過去時語要用一般過去時。A: Wow, What a big bag ! What you (buy) ?B: I (buy) a lot of books and food .A: When you (buy) them ? B: I (buy) them yesterday morning .A: Where you (buy) them ?B: I (buy) them in a supermarket . But I (not buy)

21、 any clothes in it . They are too expensive .So I _any clothes .A: How you (go) ? B: I (take) a motorbike . have boughthave boughtdid buyboughtdid buyboughtdid gotookdidnt buyhavent bought三、一般過去時在虛擬語氣中的應(yīng)用三、一般過去時在虛擬語氣中的應(yīng)用用過去式表示對現(xiàn)在事情的假設(shè)用過去式表示對現(xiàn)在事情的假設(shè)固定句型：固定句型：Its ( high / about ) time (that) sb. did s

22、th. 表示表示“（早就）到了該做某事的時候了（早就）到了該做某事的時候了” If I (have) time , I would attend the lecture . I wish it (be) spring all the year round . He looks as if he (be) an artist . If it (be) not for the rain ,the crops would die . Its (high) time we (that) (leave) . 2.Its (about) time he (that) _(fetch) his son fr

23、om school . hadwerewerewereleftfetched用正確時態(tài)填空：用正確時態(tài)填空：1.a) -I cant find my glasses. _ you _ (see) them? b) -Yes. You _ (leave) them in the car yesterday. 2.The tape recorder _ (be) out of order last week. We _ (have) it repaired the day before yesterday. It _ (be) in good condition ever since. 3. a)

24、 -How _you _ (be) since I _ (see) you last ? b) -Very well, thank you. And you? 4. It _ (be) ten years since we _ (part). Haveseenwashadhas been have beensawis/ has been partedleft 5. a) -We _ (not see) you for ages! Where _you _ (be)? b) -I _(be) to Scotland? 6. I cant lock the door. I _ _ (lose) m

25、y key. I _ (lose) it while I _ (be) out. 7. We _ (know) each other since we _ (be) boys. You _ (not do) what you _ (promise) to do. havent seen have been have been have lost lost washave known havent done promisedwere過去進行時過去進行時was / were doing一、表示過去某一時刻或某一階段正在進行的動作。一、表示過去某一時刻或某一階段正在進行的動作。 What she (

26、do) this time yesterday ? She (practise) gym. 1.In 2000 they (study) in a university . 二、用于故事中情節(jié)、場面的描寫。二、用于故事中情節(jié)、場面的描寫。 One morning , a hunter ( walk) through a forest when he met a bear . All the students were busy this afternoon . Some (sweep) the floor . Some (carry) water . Others (clean) the de

27、sks and the doors .was doingwas practisingwere studying was walkingwere sweepingwere cleaningwere carrying三、有些表示三、有些表示“移動移動”的動詞：的動詞：go , come , leave , arrive , set out , take off 等，的過去進等，的過去進行式常表示過去將來時行式常表示過去將來時。1. John told us they (leave) for London the next week and that they (come) to say goodb

28、ye that evening .四、比較一般過去時和過去進行時四、比較一般過去時和過去進行時:1. He was writing a letter yesterday evening . 2.He wrote a letter yesterday evening . 你知道這兩句的意思有什么區(qū)別嗎？你知道這兩句的意思有什么區(qū)別嗎？1、他昨晚一直在寫信。（可能還沒寫完）、他昨晚一直在寫信。（可能還沒寫完）2、他昨晚寫了一封信。（寫完了）、他昨晚寫了一封信。（寫完了）were leaving were comingExercises 1. A: Look , where are you goin

29、g ? You are walking in the wrong direction. B: Oh , I . A. didnt notice B. wasnt noticing C. havent noticed D. am not noticing 2. A: You neednt have paid for it . B: You are right . Nobody the tickets . A. was collecting . B. collected C. had collected D . will collect 3. A: Ouch ! You are standing

30、on my foot . B: Im sorry , but I to A. dont mean B. havent mean C. am not meaning D. didnt mean 用正確時態(tài)填空：用正確時態(tài)填空：1. He went (go) towards the fire, which still was s _(smoke).2. While my father was looking (look) through the evening paper, he suddenly let (let) out a cry of surprise.3. When I entered

31、(enter) the room, he didnt see (not see) me. For he was reading (read) something with great interest.4. When we arrived (arrive) at the village, it was getting (get) dark, and the wind was blowing (blow) hard.5. I didnt know (not know) you were waiting _(wait) for me here. wentwas smoking was lookin

32、g letentereddidnt see was reading arrivedwas getting was blowing didnt know were waiting 過去完成時過去完成時 had done一、表示一、表示過過去某一去某一時時刻或某一事件之前已刻或某一事件之前已經(jīng)發(fā)經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的生或完成的動動作、作、狀態(tài)狀態(tài)，即，即“過過去的去的過過去去”，可，可譯譯成成“在那之前已在那之前已經(jīng)經(jīng)做了某事做了某事”。常用。常用 by , before , when by , before , when 等引起的等引起的時間狀時間狀語語。 By the end of last week

33、 we (study) five books . I (reach) the station before six oclock . You (be) in this school for a years before / when I came here .had studiedhad reachedhad been二、二、hope , wish , expect , think , intend , mean , suppose 等的過去完成時的含義是指等的過去完成時的含義是指“過去沒有實現(xiàn)的過去沒有實現(xiàn)的愿望、打算、計劃愿望、打算、計劃“，也表示，也表示”失望失望“或或”惋惜惋惜“等情緒

34、。等情緒。后面常有后面常有but引起的句子作補充說明。引起的句子作補充說明。1.We (hope) that you would be able to visit us，but you didnt .2.She (think) of adopting an orphan , but was prevented from doing so .3.They (mean) to see us off at the air port , but they got there too latehad hopedhad thoughthad meant If you (come) yesterday ,

35、you would have met him . We wish we (arrive) there two hours earlier . He speaks English so fluently as if he (study) English in England before . Only if I (take) his advice .三、在虛擬語氣中三、在虛擬語氣中 had done 表示對過去事情的表示對過去事情的假設(shè)。假設(shè)。四、在四、在 no sooner than 和和 hardly / scarcely / rarely when 句型中表示句型中表示“剛剛就就”，主句的

36、謂語動，主句的謂語動詞用詞用 had done(過去完成時過去完成時) ，從句中用，從句中用did（一般過去（一般過去時）時） 。 I hardly (enter) the room when I (hear) a loud noise . We no sooner (reach) home than it (begin) to rain .had comehad arrivedhad studiedhad takenhad enteredheardhad reachedbegan用一般過去時態(tài)或過去完成時態(tài)填空：用一般過去時態(tài)或過去完成時態(tài)填空：1. The boy _ _ _ _ _ (d

37、ie) in the fight . A bullet _(pass) through his chest.2.The task _ _ _ _ _ (be) much harder than we _(expect).3. He _ _ (not feel) so well, as he _ (catch) a bad cold.4. She _ _ (be given) a gold medal for what she _ (do) for the country.5. Father _ (cannot go) out that night, for he _ (promise) to

38、wait for Ma Ying at home.6. We _ (not know) you _ (be) so busy the past two years.7. He _ hardly _ (reach) home when it _(begin) to rain. diedhad passed washad expected didnt feel had caught was given had done couldnt go had promised didnt know had been had reached began一般將來時一般將來時六種表現(xiàn)形式六種表現(xiàn)形式一、will

39、/ shall dowill be表示將要發(fā)生的動作或情況：表示將要發(fā)生的動作或情況： When you (be) able to give us an answer ? I (think) it over . We ( not be) free tomorrow . The agreement (come) into force next spring . The meeting (not last) long ; just have a little patience .1.when I (make) the copy ?will thinkshall /will not bewill c

40、omewont lastshall make二、二、be going to dobe going to do表示打算、準備做的事表示打算、準備做的事 How you (spend) your holidays ? He (be) a host after he graduates . Look at the cIouds .I think it (rain) soon . Watch out ! The basin of flowers (fall) . I feel terrible ; I (throw) up . There (be) a lot of trouble about thi

41、s .are going to spendis going to beis going to rainam going to throwis going to fall表示現(xiàn)在已有跡象表明即將發(fā)生、肯定要發(fā)生的事表示現(xiàn)在已有跡象表明即將發(fā)生、肯定要發(fā)生的事is going to be愿意be going to 與與 will 的區(qū)別的區(qū)別 兩者經(jīng)?？梢該Q用，但兩者經(jīng)常可以換用，但be going to 比較口語化，比較口語化，will 多用于書面多用于書面語語 : What will / is going to happen now ?如果是事先經(jīng)過考慮的就用如果是事先經(jīng)過考慮的就用 be g

42、oing to , 否則就用否則就用 will She (make) you a dress . She has bought some cloth ; she (make) you a dress .be going to 可用以條件分句可用以條件分句, 表示將來時表示將來時, 而而 will 則不能則不能,但但will 作情態(tài)動詞表示作情態(tài)動詞表示“愿意愿意”時除外。時除外。.If you (call) at Mr. Williams office ,please send a message .(如果你要到威廉姆先生的辦公室去的話，請你給他捎個信。如果你要到威廉姆先生的辦公室去的話，請你

43、給他捎個信。)2.If he （listen） to me , I will give him some advice .(如果他愿意聽的話，我將給他提幾條忠告。如果他愿意聽的話，我將給他提幾條忠告。)will makeis going to make are going to call will listen 三、三、be doing be doing 表示將來時，主要表示將來時，主要表示按計劃、安排將要發(fā)生的動作或表示按計劃、安排將要發(fā)生的動作或事。請看前面第張：事。請看前面第張：現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在進行時四、一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來，僅四、一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來，僅限于某些動詞，表示按計劃安限于某些動詞

44、，表示按計劃安排要發(fā)生的事。請看前面第排要發(fā)生的事。請看前面第張：張：一般現(xiàn)在時一般現(xiàn)在時五、五、be to do be to do 表示按計劃安排要發(fā)生的事或表示按計劃安排要發(fā)生的事或用來征求對方意見，也常用于宣傳官方的計用來征求對方意見，也常用于宣傳官方的計劃或決定，以及禁止、命令等。劃或決定，以及禁止、命令等。1. We 1. We (produce) more electricity (produce) more electricity this year .this year . I I (go) on with the work ?(go) on with the work ? =

45、 Shall I go on with the work ? = Shall I go on with the work ?3.When 3.When they they (hand) in their plan ?(hand) in their plan ?4.The park4.The park (not open) to the (not open) to the public after six oclock .public after six oclock .5.Team One 5.Team One (get) some water ;(get) some water ; Team

46、 Two Team Two (dig) holes and Team (dig) holes and Team Three Three (plant) the young trees .(plant) the young trees .6.The letter 6.The letter (hand) to him in person .(hand) to him in person .are to produceAm to goare to hand is not to openare to getare to digare to plantis to be handedbe to do be

47、 to do 還可以表示還可以表示一、想要做的事一、想要做的事二、后來將（注定）要發(fā)生的事二、后來將（注定）要發(fā)生的事 He (regret) this decision .（這決定他（這決定他將來是會后悔的。）將來是會后悔的。） The worst still （come）.（最糟糕的（最糟糕的情況還在后頭。）情況還在后頭。） In the next ten years they (work) together in the same unit .（以后十年他們將在一個（以后十年他們將在一個單位一道工作。）單位一道工作。） I must continue to learn if I (mak

48、e) further progress . If we (succeed) , we must rely on the masses .am to makeare to succeedis to regretis to comeare to work六、六、be about to 表示即將發(fā)生某事，因為它本表示即將發(fā)生某事，因為它本身帶有身帶有“即將即將”之意，所以不能與表示將來的時之意，所以不能與表示將來的時間狀語連用，但常與間狀語連用，但常與when 引起的時間狀語連用，引起的時間狀語連用，表示表示“即將做某事時突然另一事發(fā)生了即將做某事時突然另一事發(fā)生了”。它也。它也不帶有說話人的主觀打算。不帶有說話人的主觀打算。 He (retire) . We (leave) when the telephone rang .3. Autumn harvest (start) .不能說：不能說：1.The train is about to