現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)

1、僅供個(gè)人參考For pers onal use only in study and research; not for commercial use現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成:陳述句：S （主語(yǔ)）+ have/ has +動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞I have had dinner.否定形式：S （主語(yǔ)）+ hasn't/haven't +動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞I haven ' t had dinner.疑問(wèn)形式：Have/has + S主語(yǔ)）+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞Have you had dinner?肯定回答：Yes, S主語(yǔ)）+ have/ has.否定回答：No, S （主語(yǔ)）+ have/ has

2、+ not.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)適用范圍：1、 談?wù)撨^(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，但是發(fā)生的時(shí)間不重要.e.g. She has broken her arm.她傷了她的胳膊.2、談?wù)撨^(guò)去發(fā)生的某事，但對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成了影響e.g. She has broken her arm, so she can' t play basketball.她傷了她的胳膊，所以她不能打籃球了 .3、過(guò)去開(kāi)始的某事，現(xiàn)在還在繼續(xù).e.g. He has lived in China for 20 years.他已經(jīng)在中國(guó)住了 20年了 .He has lived in Chi na si nee 1993.4.剛剛發(fā)生的事情.e.g.

3、 They have just arrived at the airport.他們岡H岡H至U達(dá)了機(jī)場(chǎng).5. 經(jīng)歷或取得的成就 .e.g. He has passed his math exam with a high mark. 他以高分通過(guò)了他的數(shù)學(xué)考試 .現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)中的重要標(biāo)志詞already, yet, just, never, ever 用法區(qū)別1、already意思是 已經(jīng)”A、通常用于陳述句中（放在 have和has的后面）B、也可用于疑問(wèn)句，表示期望得到肯定的回答或表示驚異，此時(shí)already常放在句末。She has already found her bike.Has s

4、he found her bike alread？y 她已經(jīng)找到自行車(chē)了？2、yet 用法A、yet可用于否定句，此時(shí)譯為 還”；I haven ' t found rmuyler yet.B、 也可以用于疑問(wèn)句，譯為已經(jīng)”（放在have和has的后面也可 放在句末）Have you found your ruler yet？你已經(jīng)找到尺子了嗎？3、just只用于陳述句意思是 剛才”（放在have和has的后面）I have just received a letter.4、never用于否定句譯為 從不”（放在have和has的后面）I ' ve never been to

5、Beijing.5、 ever用于疑問(wèn)句譯為曾經(jīng)”（放在have和has的后面）Have you ever been to Beijing?clean - cleaned arrive - arrived empty - emptied規(guī)則動(dòng)詞 過(guò)去分詞 和過(guò)去式 變法一樣1 、一般情況在詞尾 + ed2、以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的詞+ d3.輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的去y加ied4. 雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)輔音字母加 edstop - stopped不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞 的過(guò)去式以及過(guò)去分詞巧記規(guī)律1、A: put ut -put let-let -et2、ABA: come camecome3、ABB: stand stoo

6、dstood4、ABC: eat ate eatenAAA : cost-cost-costread-read-readput-put-putcut-cut-cutlet-let-letset-set-setAAA變化的單詞，結(jié)尾字母一般是t或do特殊：動(dòng)詞read,變化是read-read-read但發(fā)音分別是ri:d-red-red。ABA :有些動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞與原形是一樣的:run-ran-ru ncome-came-comebecome-became-becomeABC:原型過(guò)去式過(guò)去分詞例詞-eak-oke-okenspeak-ear-ore-ornwear-ow (aw)-ew-o

7、wngrow(種，生長(zhǎng)),know, throw, draw-i-a-u-swim, drink, sing, begin-i-o-ndrive, rise, writeABC有些動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞是在原形詞尾加 n或en,變成以en結(jié)尾的單詞take-took-take nfall-fell-falle n write-wrote-writte ngive-gave-give n eat-ate-eate n speak-spoke-spoke nforget-forgot-forgotten (forgot)特殊情況am/is-was-been are-were-been, do (does)

8、-did-done go-went-gone see-saw-seen不得用于商業(yè)用途僅供個(gè)人參考僅供個(gè)人用于學(xué)習(xí)、研究；不得用于商業(yè)用途For personal use only in study and research; not for commercial use.Nur f u r den pers?nlichen f u r Studien, Forschung, zu kommerziellen Zwecken verwendet werden.Pour l ' e tude et la recherche uniquementa des fins personnelles; pasa des fins