PEP小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法要點(diǎn)(適合總復(fù)習(xí)給學(xué)生理一理)

1、名詞復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則1一般情況下，直接加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds2以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾，加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches3以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：family-families, strawberry-strawberries4以“f或fe”結(jié)尾，變f或fe為v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives5不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, police

2、woman-policewomen, mouse-micechild-childrenfoot-feet,.tooth-teethfish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese寫(xiě)出下列各詞的復(fù)數(shù) I _him _this _her _watch _child _photo _diary _day_ foot_ book_ dress _tooth_ sheep _box_ strawberry _thief _yo-yo _ peach_ sandwich _man_ woman_ paper_   

3、 juice_water_ milk_ rice_ tea_形容詞的比較級(jí)當(dāng)我們需要對(duì)事物作出比較時(shí)，需要用到比較級(jí)。比較級(jí)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)通常是：什么 + 動(dòng)詞be (am , is , are ) + 形容詞比較級(jí) + than（比）+ 什么 ,如：Im taller and heavier than you. （我比你更高和更重。）An elephant is bigger than a tiger. （一只大象比一只老虎更大。）形容詞的比較級(jí)是在形容詞的基礎(chǔ)上變化而來(lái)的，它的變化規(guī)則是： 一般的直接在詞尾加er ，如 tall - taller , strong - stronger , 以

4、e結(jié)尾的，直接加r ，如 fine finer , 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的，先改y為i再加er，如funny - funnier 雙寫(xiě)最后的字母再加er，如big bigger, thin thinner ,hot hotter除此之外，還有幾個(gè)特殊的單詞，它的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)都是不規(guī)則的，如：many / much（原形） more（比較級(jí)） most（最高級(jí)） little / few（原形） less （比較級(jí)） least（最高級(jí)） good（原形） better（比較級(jí)） best（最高級(jí)）bad （原形） worse（比較級(jí)） worst（最高級(jí)） far （原形） further f

5、urthest附加：形容詞的最高級(jí)變化類(lèi)似于比較級(jí)，只是把詞尾的er改成est，如：tall （原形）- taller （比較級(jí)）- tallest （最高級(jí)）long（原形）- longer（比較級(jí)）- longest（最高級(jí)）big （原形）- bigger（比較級(jí)）- biggest（最高級(jí)）注意 比較的兩者應(yīng)該是互相對(duì)應(yīng)的可比較的東西。典型錯(cuò)誤：My hair is longer than you.（我的頭發(fā)比你更長(zhǎng)。）比較的兩者是我的頭發(fā)、你（整個(gè)人），那么比較的對(duì)象就沒(méi)有可比性。應(yīng)該改為：My hair is longer than yours. 或My hair is longe

6、r than your hair.附：如果比較的兩者是一樣的時(shí)候，我們會(huì)用 asas這個(gè)詞組，它的用法是：什么+be+as+形容詞原形+as+什么，意思是什么和什么一樣。如：Im as tall as you.（我和你一樣高。）My feet are as big as yours.（我的腳和你的一樣大。）比較級(jí)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)一、從方框中選出合適的單詞完成句子heavy tall long much many big (1) How is the Yellow River?(2) How is Mr Green? Hes 175cm.(3) How are your feet? I wear siz

7、e 18.(4) How is the white T-shirt? Its 100 yuan.(5) How apples are there in the bag? There are 5.(6) How is the fish? Its 2kg.二、根據(jù)句意寫(xiě)出所缺的單詞(1) Im 12 years old. Youre 14. Im than you.(2) A rabbits tail is than a monkeys tail.(3) An elephant is than a pig.(4) A lake is than a sea.(5) A basketball is t

8、han a football.三、根據(jù)中文完成句子.(1) 我比我的弟弟大三歲. Im than my brother.(2) 這棵樹(shù)要比那棵樹(shù)高. This tree than that one.(3) 你比他矮四厘米. You are than he.(4) 誰(shuí)比你重? than you.(5) 他比你更強(qiáng)壯. He is than you.四、根據(jù)答句寫(xiě)出問(wèn)句(1) Im 160 cm.(2) Im 12 years old.(3) My shoes are 80 yuan. (4) Amys hair is 30 cm long.(5) I have three English boo

9、ks.時(shí)態(tài)小學(xué)階段一共學(xué)了四種時(shí)態(tài)，分別是：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，一般將來(lái)時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)。下面我們一一進(jìn)行總結(jié)。1、 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)A、表示不受時(shí)限的客觀存在如：He is a boy. She is a student. My mother is a nurse. This is a dog. I have a story-book.B、表示現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作，即指現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常用來(lái)表示現(xiàn)在時(shí)間里某種動(dòng)作的經(jīng)常性和習(xí)慣性。它常與表示程度或頻度的詞連用，如：often（經(jīng)常） , usually（通常，一般） , sometimes（有時(shí)） , always（總是，一直） , ne

10、ver（從不） 如：I often go to school on foot. My father works in a school. Mike watches TV every day. I usually play computer games on the weekend. C、表示現(xiàn)時(shí)的狀態(tài)和現(xiàn)在瞬間動(dòng)作如：How are you? You look happy. Whats the matter with you? I have a headache. What do you have for lunch? I have some chicken. 注意 英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在時(shí)與原形同形

11、。但當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)時(shí)，須在詞尾加-s 或 -es。例如：I have a fish for dinner. Her mother works in a hospital. Amy often goes to school by bike. Mr. Liu teaches us English. 動(dòng)詞+s的變化規(guī)則1一般情況下，直接加-s，如：cook-cooks, milk-milks2以s. x. sh. ch. o結(jié)尾，加-es，如：guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如

12、：study-studies一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)用法專(zhuān)練:一、 寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù) drink _ go _ stay _ make _look _ have_ pass_  carry _come_   watch_ plant_ fly _study_ brush_ do_  teach_2、 一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示在將來(lái)會(huì)發(fā)生的事或動(dòng)作。它常與表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間連用，如：tomorrow , next week , next year , this morning , this afternoon , this evening 等。注意 一般

13、將來(lái)時(shí)小學(xué)階段主要學(xué)了兩種結(jié)構(gòu)：be going to + 動(dòng)詞的原形 / 地點(diǎn) will + 動(dòng)詞的原形 例句： Im going to go shopping this afternoon. She is going to Hong Kong next week. You will see many birds in the sky. 練習(xí)：填空。1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。2. I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends.3. I _ have a picnic with my friends.4. 2.  下個(gè)星期一你打算去干嘛? 我

14、想去打籃球。5. What _ _ _ _ _ next Monday? I _ _ _ play basketball.6. What _ you do next Monday? I _ play basketball.7. 3.        你媽媽這個(gè)周末去購(gòu)物嗎？是，她要去買(mǎi)一些水果。8. _ your mother _ _ go shopping this _? 9. Yes, she _. She _ _ _ buy some fruit.10.  你們打算什么時(shí)候見(jiàn)面。11. What time _ you _

15、 _ meet?3、 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或現(xiàn)階段一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。注意它的構(gòu)成是：be的現(xiàn)在時(shí)形式（am , is , are）加動(dòng)詞的ing形式。如：What are you doing? Im writing a letter. What are they doing? Theyre swimming.Is he playing chess? Yes, he is.Look, Amy is reading an English book. 注意 動(dòng)詞的ing形式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則： 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing

16、 , eating 以不發(fā)音的e 結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，要先去e再加ing，如having , writing 如果末尾是一個(gè)元音字母和一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母，再加ing，（此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞極少）有：running , swimming , sitting , getting現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)：一、寫(xiě)出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞：play_ run_ swim _make_go_ like_  write_ _ski_read_ have_ sing  _ dance_put_ see_ buy _ love_ live_ take_ come _  

17、;get_、一般過(guò)去時(shí)主要用來(lái)表示在特定過(guò)去時(shí)間中一次完成的動(dòng)作或一度存在的狀態(tài)，也可表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣動(dòng)作。它與現(xiàn)在時(shí)間不發(fā)生關(guān)系，它表示的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)都已成為過(guò)去，現(xiàn)已不復(fù)存在。它經(jīng)常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間連用。如：I went to a park yesterday. I read a book last night. I watched TV yesterday evening.I went on a big trip last weekend. I failed my Chinese test. 注意一般過(guò)去時(shí)主要體現(xiàn)在動(dòng)詞的形式要用過(guò)去式，動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則有：、規(guī)則動(dòng)詞 一般直接在動(dòng)詞的

18、后面加ed；如worked , learned , cleaned , visited以e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞直接加d；如lived , danced , used 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞要改y為i再加ed（此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞較少）如study studied carry carried worry worried （play、stay除外） 雙寫(xiě)最后一個(gè)字母（此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞較少）如stopped 、不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞（此類(lèi)詞并無(wú)規(guī)則，須熟記）小學(xué)階段要記住以下動(dòng)詞的原形和過(guò)去式：sing sang , eat ate , see saw , have had , do did , go went , take took ,

19、 buy bought , get got , read read , fly flew , am/is was , are were , say said , leave left , swim swam , tell told , draw drew , come came , lose lost , find found , drink drank , hurt hurt , feel felt 注意句子的形式：1、 肯定句：是指用肯定的語(yǔ)氣來(lái)陳述的句子，如：Im a student. She is a doctor. He works in a hospital. There are

20、four fans in our classroom.Im going to buy a comic book tonight. He will eat lunch at 12:00.Im reading a book. They are swimming.I watched TV yesterday evening. 2、 否定句：含有否定詞或表示否定意義詞的句子，如：Im not a student. She is not (isnt) a doctor. He does not (doesnt) work in a hospital. There are not four fans in

21、 our classroom.Im not going to buy a comic book tonight. He will not (wont) eat lunch at 12:00.Im not reading a book. They are not (arent) swimming.I did not (didnt) watch TV yesterday evening. 注意 小結(jié)：否定句主要是在肯定句的基礎(chǔ)上加上了否定詞 “not”。有動(dòng)詞be的句子則“not”加在be后面，可縮寫(xiě)成“isnt，arent”，但am not 一般都分開(kāi)寫(xiě)。沒(méi)有動(dòng)詞be的句子則要先在主要?jiǎng)釉~的前面

22、加上一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞（do，does，did），然后在它后面加上“not”，你也可以把它們縮寫(xiě)在一起如“dont , doesnt , didnt ）。這三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)人稱(chēng)和時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)選擇，其中“does”只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語(yǔ)是第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)的情況，而“did”只用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)，不論主語(yǔ)是什么人稱(chēng)和數(shù)，都用“did” 。3、一般疑問(wèn)句：是指詢(xún)問(wèn)事實(shí)的句子，此類(lèi)句子必須用“yes”，或“no”來(lái)回答。如：Are you a student? Yes, I am / No, Im not. Is she a doctor? Yes, she is. / No, she isnt. Does he work

23、in a hospital? Yes, he does. / No, he doesnt. Are there four fans in our classroom? Yes, there are. / No, there arent. Are you going to buy a comic book tonight? Yes, I am. / No, I am not. (Yes, we are. / No, we arent.)Will he eat lunch at 12:00? Yes, I will. / No, I will not(wont). Are you reading

24、a book? Yes, I am. / No, I am not. Are they swimming? Yes, they are. / No, they arent.Did you watch TV yesterday evening? Yes, I did. / No, I didnt.注意 小結(jié)：一般疑問(wèn)句是在肯定句的基礎(chǔ)上，把動(dòng)詞be調(diào)到首位，其他照寫(xiě)，末尾標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)變成問(wèn)號(hào)即可。沒(méi)有動(dòng)詞be的句子則要在句首加上一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞（do，does，did）再把緊跟在后面的動(dòng)詞變回原形，末尾標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)變成問(wèn)號(hào)即可。這三個(gè)助動(dòng)詞也要根據(jù)人稱(chēng)和時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)選擇，其中“does”只用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語(yǔ)是第三人

25、稱(chēng)單數(shù)的情況，而“did”只用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)，不論主語(yǔ)是什么人稱(chēng)和數(shù)，都用“did” 。一般疑問(wèn)句有個(gè)重要的原則就是問(wèn)和答要一致，即問(wèn)句里的第一個(gè)單詞（助動(dòng)詞）和簡(jiǎn)略答句里的這個(gè)詞是一致的。4、特殊疑問(wèn)句：以特殊疑問(wèn)詞（what , where , who , which , when , whose , why , how等）開(kāi)頭引導(dǎo)的句子。此類(lèi)句子應(yīng)該問(wèn)什么就答什么，不能用“yes 、no”來(lái)回答。如：What is this? Its a computer.What does he do? Hes a doctor.Where are you going? Im going to Beij

26、ing.Who played football with you yesterday afternoon? Mike. Which season do you like best? Summer.When do you usually get up? I usually get up at 6:30.Whose skirt is this? Its Amys.Why do you like spring best? Because I can plant trees. How are you? Im fine. / Im happy.How did you go to Xinjiang? I

27、went to Xinjiang by train.其中how又可以和其他一些形容詞連用組成特殊疑問(wèn)詞組用來(lái)提問(wèn)，如： how many（多少(數(shù)量)）, how much（多少(錢(qián))）, how tall（多高）, how long（多長(zhǎng)）, how big（多大）, how heavy（多重）例句：How many pencils do you have? I have three pencils.How many girls can you see? I can see four girls.How many desks are there in your classroom? Ther

28、e are 51.練習(xí)：在橫線(xiàn)上填上適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~1. What your mother do?She is teacher.2. does she work?She in a school.4. Today is Monday.Yesterday Sunday.5. What you do yesterday?I helped my mother housework.6. you have a cold last week?Yes, I did.7. you feel better now?Yes, thank you.8. Mike: How you, Amy? You look so hap

29、py.Amy: Yes. I excited. I am going on a big trip. How you? You look happy too.Mike: Yes. My father going buy me a new bike.9. What you do yesterday?It windy. I kites in the park.10. What you do in summer?I often swimming.11. What does your father ?He a nurse. he work in a hospital?Yes, he in a big hospital in our city.12. Amy didnt to school yesterday. She had a headache.13. does John go to school? He usually to school by bike.14. he go to school by bike this morning?No, he didnt. He to school on foot.15. What did you for breakfast this morn