復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法強(qiáng)攻課件：主謂一致

1、復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)重點(diǎn)1. 主謂一致主要遵循三個(gè)原則：語(yǔ)法一致、主謂一致主要遵循三個(gè)原則：語(yǔ)法一致、意義一致、就近一致。意義一致、就近一致。2. 分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)、不定式、動(dòng)詞分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)、不定式、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作形式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致。主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致?；A(chǔ)知識(shí)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)一、主謂一致的原則一、主謂一致的原則主謂一致是指主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持主謂一致是指主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。一般遵循下列原則：一致。一般遵循下列原則：1. 語(yǔ)法一致原則語(yǔ)法一致原則：主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上：主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上一致，即主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也采用一致，即主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也采用單數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形

2、式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也采單數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也采用復(fù)數(shù)形式。用復(fù)數(shù)形式。2. 意義一致原則意義一致原則：謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語(yǔ)：謂語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于主語(yǔ)的意義。有時(shí)主語(yǔ)形式上為單數(shù)，但意義上的意義。有時(shí)主語(yǔ)形式上為單數(shù)，但意義上卻是復(fù)數(shù)，那么謂語(yǔ)根據(jù)意義也用復(fù)數(shù)形式卻是復(fù)數(shù)，那么謂語(yǔ)根據(jù)意義也用復(fù)數(shù)形式；有時(shí)主語(yǔ)形式上為復(fù)數(shù)，但意義上卻是單；有時(shí)主語(yǔ)形式上為復(fù)數(shù)，但意義上卻是單數(shù)，那么謂語(yǔ)根據(jù)意義應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。數(shù)，那么謂語(yǔ)根據(jù)意義應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。3. 就近一致原則就近一致原則：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式與鄰近的：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式與鄰近的主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上一致。主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)上一致。二、主謂一致的具體應(yīng)用二、

3、主謂一致的具體應(yīng)用1. 名詞作主語(yǔ)名詞作主語(yǔ) 集合名詞作主語(yǔ)，如果表示整體概念，謂集合名詞作主語(yǔ)，如果表示整體概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；如果強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；如果強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。常見(jiàn)的這類名詞有：常見(jiàn)的這類名詞有：army, audience, class, family, team, crowd, staff, committee, enemy, government, population等等。有些集合名詞如有些集合名詞如cattle, people, police等，等，通常看作復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)通?？醋鲝?fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)。如：。如

4、：The team is the best in the league.單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)根據(jù)其意義單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)根據(jù)其意義來(lái)決定謂語(yǔ)形式，來(lái)決定謂語(yǔ)形式，常見(jiàn)的這類名詞有：常見(jiàn)的這類名詞有：deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese, means, works（工廠）等。如：（工廠）等。如：There are ten sheep on the farm, but there are only four goats.表示單數(shù)概念的復(fù)形名詞，如：學(xué)科（表示單數(shù)概念的復(fù)形名詞，如：學(xué)科（maths，physics等）、機(jī)構(gòu)、書名、劇名等等）、機(jī)構(gòu)、

5、書名、劇名等作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。如：。如：Maths is one of the most important courses in the senior school.The Times is Britains oldest national daily. 表示成雙成對(duì)的名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通表示成雙成對(duì)的名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，這類名詞有：這類名詞有：trouser, shoe, chopstick, sunglass等。等。但如果其前有但如果其前有a pair of, a kind of等修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)等修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)

6、動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。如：。如：A pair of trousers is on the bed.當(dāng)名詞短語(yǔ)中心詞為表示距離、金額、時(shí)當(dāng)名詞短語(yǔ)中心詞為表示距離、金額、時(shí)間等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，往往把這些復(fù)數(shù)名詞看間等的復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，往往把這些復(fù)數(shù)名詞看作一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。作一個(gè)整體，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。如：如：Four thousand dollars is more than she can afford.“the +形容詞或過(guò)去分詞形容詞或過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，如表示一類可數(shù)的人或事物，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)如表示一類可數(shù)的人或事物，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，這類詞有，這類詞有wounded, ri

7、ch, unemployed, blind等等。如：。如：The unemployed lead a miserable life.如果主語(yǔ)由如果主語(yǔ)由more than one . 或或many a . 構(gòu)構(gòu)成，盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)，但謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常成，盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)，但謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)形式用單數(shù)形式；在在“more than +復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞”或或“more +復(fù)數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)名詞+ than one”結(jié)構(gòu)之后，謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)之后，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：。如：Many a playwright is satisfied with the play.More than

8、one person has been concerned in this.2. 代詞作主語(yǔ)代詞作主語(yǔ)由代詞由代詞each, every one, no one, either, neither, another以及合成代詞以及合成代詞something, anything, nothing, everything, somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody, someone, anyone, everyone作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞均用單作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞均用單數(shù)數(shù)。如：。如：Each book was in its proper place.關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞who

9、，that，which等在定語(yǔ)從句等在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中的先中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中的先行詞的數(shù)一致行詞的數(shù)一致。如：。如：He is one of the students who were late this morning.He is the only one of the students who was late this morning. all, most, none, some等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它們所代替的內(nèi)容來(lái)定動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它們所代替的內(nèi)容來(lái)定。如：如：Most of his spare time was

10、 spent in reading.All of my classmates work hard.3. 由連接詞連接的名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)由連接詞連接的名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)用用and或或both . and . 連接并列主語(yǔ)，如果連接并列主語(yǔ)，如果意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)意義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)。但由。但由and連接的并列主語(yǔ)如果指的是連接的并列主語(yǔ)如果指的是同一個(gè)人、同一同一個(gè)人、同一事物或同一概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用單數(shù)形式事物或同一概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞則用單數(shù)形式，這時(shí)這時(shí)and后面的可數(shù)名詞不帶冠詞。如：后面的可數(shù)名詞不帶冠詞。如：Both the secretary and the mana

11、ger have agreed to be present.Law and order means different things to people with different political opinions.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后跟有說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的修飾語(yǔ)當(dāng)主語(yǔ)后跟有說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的修飾語(yǔ)，如用，如用with, as well as, along with, rather than, together with, including, in addition to與修飾與修飾語(yǔ)連接時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)與主語(yǔ)保持語(yǔ)連接時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)與主語(yǔ)保持一致。一致。如：如：The missing things

12、, as well as the bag, have been found and returned to the owner. 由由or, either . or ., neither . nor ., not only . but also .等連接的名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)等連接的名詞或代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與鄰近的主語(yǔ)相一致時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要與鄰近的主語(yǔ)相一致。如：。如：Not only the students but also their teacher goes to the exhibition.4. 數(shù)詞作主語(yǔ)數(shù)詞作主語(yǔ)“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+ of +名詞名詞”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)作主構(gòu)成

13、的短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于of后名詞的后名詞的數(shù)數(shù)。如：。如：Only one third of the work was done yesterday.Thirds fourth of the students come to school on time.5. 從句及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)從句及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。數(shù)。但如果是但如果是兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的從句由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的從句由and連連接表示兩個(gè)概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用接表示兩個(gè)概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)。另外。另外，what從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，

14、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)由其表從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)由其表示的意義來(lái)決定。如：示的意義來(lái)決定。如：Whether we go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.What caused the snow slide and how many tourists are injured are still unknown.What you want is a big bag.You need not get any more stamps. What we have are quite sufficient.動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，形式短語(yǔ)

15、或動(dòng)詞不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用單數(shù)。如：。如：Smoking / To smoke is a bad habit.常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)常見(jiàn)考點(diǎn)高考試題對(duì)主謂一致的考查重點(diǎn)是：名詞作高考試題對(duì)主謂一致的考查重點(diǎn)是：名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式；分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)、不主語(yǔ)時(shí)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式；分?jǐn)?shù)、百分?jǐn)?shù)、不定式、動(dòng)詞定式、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致。形式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)的主謂一致。從從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。1. All we need _ a small piece of land where we can plant

16、various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year. A. are B. was C. is D. wereC2. The university estimates that living expenses for international students _ around $8,450 a year, which _ a burden for some of them.A. are；is B. are；are C. is；are D. is；isA3. The famous musician, a

17、s well as his students, _ to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo. A. were invited B. was invited C. have been invited D. has been invited4. Generally, students inner motivation with high expectations from others _ essential to their development. A. is B. are C. was D. were

18、BA5. Among the crises that face humans _ the lack of natural resources. A. is B. are C. is there D. are thereA用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。1. So far Davids the only one of us who _ (go) abroad.2. Such singers as Liu Huan _ (be) widely popular, of whose songs, however, some _(be) difficult to sing. 3. Many a famous pop star _ (perform) in the concert tonight, so Im looking forward to it very much. has gone are areis performing / will perform 4. Is everyone here? Not yet . Look, there _ (come) the rest of our colleagues!5. The chief editor together with his editors _ (be) discus