規(guī)則動(dòng)詞與不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞

1、規(guī)則動(dòng)詞與不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞英語中大部分都是規(guī)則動(dòng)詞。規(guī)則動(dòng)詞都以加-ed詞尾的方式構(gòu)成過去式和過去分詞；又以加 -ing詞尾的方式構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在分詞?，F(xiàn)在式過去式過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞Liste nListe nedListe nedListe ningTreatTreatedTreatedTreat ingWishWishedWishedwish ingDiscussDiscussedDiscusseddiscuss ing但在加-ed及-ing詞尾時(shí)要注意：1. 若以字母e結(jié)尾：去式及過去分詞只需加 -d;而現(xiàn)在分詞則要除去e加上-ing （雙e結(jié)尾的除外）。Love t loved 宀 lovingack

2、 no wledge ack no wledged ack no wledg inglivet lived t livingplease pleased pleasing2“輔音+ ”結(jié)尾：過去式及過去分詞應(yīng)先變y為i，再加-ed;現(xiàn)在分詞只加-ing。studyT studiedT study ingtry t tried t trying fry t fried t frying3. “元音字母 + 個(gè)輔音字母”結(jié)尾，該音節(jié)又重讀者，末尾輔音字母要雙寫-e, 再加上 -ed或-ing。pla nT pla nn edT pla nningbegT beggecT beggi ngprefe

3、r t preferred t preferri ngpermit t permitted t permitti ng在其他情況下都直接加-ed或-ing :Playtplayedtplaying （雖以y結(jié)尾，但前面是元音字母a）PackT packedT packing （末尾是兩個(gè)輔音字母，因此不需雙寫） repeatT repeatedT repeating （輔音字母前是兩個(gè)元音字母，因此輔音字母無需雙寫） openTopenedT opening （后面音節(jié)不重讀，因此末尾輔音字母也不需雙寫）4“ 一個(gè)元音字母+L ”結(jié)尾的詞，英國人雙寫，美國人不雙寫：travelttravell

4、ed ttravelling （英）travel ttraveled ttraveling （美） cancelTcancelledTcancelling （英）canceltcanceledTcanceling （美） 5若“ L”前面有兩個(gè)元音字母，L則一概不雙寫：revealT revealedT revealing （英、美）appealT appealed appealing （英、美）6另有少數(shù)特殊的詞，盡管末尾音節(jié)不重讀，末尾輔音字母在英國仍然雙寫：Worshipt worshipped t worshipping （英）worship t worshiped t worship

5、ing （美）Kidnap t kid napped t kid napp ing （英）kid nap t kid naped t kid naping （美） programT programmed （英）programt programed （美國有時(shí)用此拼法）7 以“ X ”結(jié)尾的詞，X不雙寫：taxT taxed t tax ing mix t mixed t mixi ng在英語中，有些詞在加-ed/-ing時(shí)，其末尾字母需要雙寫。常見的有下面這些：abetabhoracquitadmitallotbanbarbatbegblotbragbrimchatchopclapcommit

6、compelconfercontrolcramcropdamdeferdeterdipdistildotdragdropdrumdubembedemitenrolen thralequipexcelexpelfanfitflaggetgringripgroggunhan dicaphemhophughumincurin stiljamjogjotknitknotlaglogmanmarmobmopmugnagnetnipnodoccuromitoutwitpadpatpatrolpenpinpitplanplodplugpopproppropelrebelrebutrecapreferscan

7、scarscarpscrubshipshopshredshrugshunsinsipskidskimskinspotstripslapslipslopslotsnapsobstrapthinstabstarstemstepstirstoptaptrimstunsubmitsunswaptagtantrektransfertransmitthrobtiptoptrapslamtriptrotvetwagwrapskipsquat另外，下面的詞在加-ed 和 -ing 時(shí)，在英國英語中末尾的字母要雙寫，而在美國英語中卻不一定雙寫：CancelinitialMarvelpencilRevelspir

8、alTunneldialkidnapmodelprogramrivalstencilunravelequallabelpanelquarrelshoveltotalworshiphiccuplevelpedalrefuelshriveltravel不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞數(shù)目雖然有限，但大多數(shù)是常用動(dòng)詞，例如：Beatf beatf beate ngivetgavet givenruntrantrunbecome became becomegot wenttgonesaytsaidtsaidbegi n began begu ngrowt grewtgrownseet sawt seenblow t ble

9、w t blow nhavet hadt hadselltsoldtsoldbreaks broke t brokenheart heardt heardsendt sentt sentbringtbroughttbroughthidethidthiddensett sett setbuildtbuilttbuilthitthitthitshaket shookt shakenbursttbursttburstholdtheldtheldshinetshonetshonebuytboughttboughthurtthurtthurtshoott shott shotcatchtcaughttc

10、aughtkeept keptt keptshowt showedt shownchooset choset chosenknow t knewt knownshutt shuttshutcometcametcomelaytlaidtlaidsingt sangtsungcostt costt costleadtledtledsinkt sanktsunkdigtdugtdugleavetlefttleftsittsattsatdot didt donelendtlenttlentsleeptslepttsleptdrawtdrewtdrawnlettlettletspeakt spoket

11、spokendrinktdranktdrunklietlaytlainspendt spentt spentdrivetdrovetdrivenlosetlosttlostspint spant spu neatt eatt eatenmaketmadetmadespreadt spreadt spreadfall t fell tfallenmeantmeanttmeantspringt sprangtsprungfeeltfelttfeltmeettmettmetstandt stoodt stoodfindt foundtfoundpaytpaidtpaidstealtstoletsto

12、lenfly tflew tflownputtputtputsticktstucktstuckforgettforgottforgotenreadt readtreadstriketstrucktstruckforgive tforgavetforgivenridet rodet riddenswimtswamtswumfreezetfrozetfrizenringtrangtrungtaket tookttakengett gott gotrisetrosetrisenteachttaughtttaughtteatore torn tell t told t toldweepT wept t

13、 wept win t won t wonwrite t wrote t writte nthrow t threw t throw n wake t woke t wake nthi nk t thought t thoughtwearT wore t wornun dersta ndT un derstoodT un derstood這里面有些詞有兩種拼法，例如:英國拼法美國拼法bur n t bur nt t burntbur n r bur nedr bur neddreamr dreamtr dreamtdreamr dreamedr dreamedleanr lea ntr lea

14、ntlea nr lean edr leanedleapr leaptT leaptleapr leapedr leapedlearnr learntr learntlear nr lear nedr learnedsmell r smelt r smeltsmell r smelledr smelledspell r speltr speltspellr spelled r spelledspill r spilt r spiltspill r spilled r spilledspoil r spoilt r spoiltspoil r spoiled r spoiled現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成法現(xiàn)

15、在分詞一般由動(dòng)詞原形加-ing構(gòu)成，如:goT going sta ndT sta nding askT ask ing an swerT an sweri ng study t study ing beT being 但在下列情況下，拼寫應(yīng)作相應(yīng)變化：1. 以不發(fā)音的-e結(jié)尾是動(dòng)詞，須去掉 e再加-ing。如：comeT coming write t writi ngtake t takingbecomer beco ming但當(dāng)將-e去掉會引起發(fā)音變化時(shí)，最后的-e就應(yīng)保留。如：agreer agreei ng sin ger singeing另外，-e前為元音是，-e 也應(yīng)保留。如：ca

16、noer canoeing2. 動(dòng)詞是閉音節(jié)的單音節(jié)詞，或是以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的多音節(jié)詞，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母是，這個(gè)輔 音字母須雙寫，再加-ing。如：sit t sitt ing begi nr begi nning run t running admit t admitt ing stop t stopp ing forget t forgett ing3. 少數(shù)幾個(gè)以-ie結(jié)尾的單音節(jié)動(dòng)詞，須變ie為y,再加-ing。如：dier dyingtier tyi nglie t lyi ng-s詞尾的加法在一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)中，如果主語是第三人稱單數(shù)，則動(dòng)詞一般需加-s詞尾，如：She works

17、in a computer compa ny.她在電腦公司工作。He gives me a lot of help.他給我許多幫助。一般情況下都直接加 -s： comes lives plays listens因此在使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)時(shí)要經(jīng)常注意在第三人稱單數(shù)動(dòng)詞后加-s詞尾。在加-s詞尾時(shí)要注意下面兩點(diǎn)：1. 在以ch, sh, s, x或o結(jié)尾的詞后面要加-es：teachT teachescatchr catcheswish t wisheswashr washes missr missesguessguessesmix t mixes fix t fixes gor goesdor doe

18、s2. 以"輔音+y”結(jié)尾的詞，先變 y為i再加-es:try t triesstudyr studies reply t replies fly t flies在加-s詞尾時(shí)，讀音有許多值得注意的地方：1) 在/p/, /t/, /k/, /f/等清輔音后面，-s讀作/s/：Helps hopes lets gets asks thinks laughs coughs2）在/s/, /z/, /, /t/匕 /d3/等音后-s或-es讀作/iz/:Guesses stresses rises pleaseswashes brushesteachescatches urges wag

19、es3）在其他情況下都讀作/z/：bringscomesgoesseesreadsliesshowsbegi nsforgives動(dòng)詞的緊縮形式主要的緊縮形式如下:We areT we 'reHere isT here'sHe hasT he'sWho hasr who 'He will the'llYou arer you 'reThey are t they'reThat is t that'She hasr she'sI hadtI dShe will t she'llHe is t he'sShe isT she'sThere is t there'sIt is t it'There areTthere'reYou haver you've They have r they'veYou will r you'llWe shall/will r we 'They will r they 'lI havet I 'eWe haver we'veI shall/will t I llWho would twho'dI