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1、規(guī)則動詞與不規(guī)則動詞英語中大部分都是規(guī)則動詞。規(guī)則動詞都以加-ed詞尾的方式構成過去式和過去分詞;又以加 -ing詞尾的方式構成現(xiàn)在分詞?,F(xiàn)在式過去式過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞Liste nListe nedListe nedListe ningTreatTreatedTreatedTreat ingWishWishedWishedwish ingDiscussDiscussedDiscusseddiscuss ing但在加-ed及-ing詞尾時要注意:1. 若以字母e結尾:去式及過去分詞只需加 -d;而現(xiàn)在分詞則要除去e加上-ing (雙e結尾的除外)。Love t loved 宀 lovingack
2、 no wledge ack no wledged ack no wledg inglivet lived t livingplease pleased pleasing2“輔音+ ”結尾:過去式及過去分詞應先變y為i,再加-ed;現(xiàn)在分詞只加-ing。studyT studiedT study ingtry t tried t trying fry t fried t frying3. “元音字母 + 個輔音字母”結尾,該音節(jié)又重讀者,末尾輔音字母要雙寫-e, 再加上 -ed或-ing。pla nT pla nn edT pla nningbegT beggecT beggi ngprefe
3、r t preferred t preferri ngpermit t permitted t permitti ng在其他情況下都直接加-ed或-ing :Playtplayedtplaying (雖以y結尾,但前面是元音字母a)PackT packedT packing (末尾是兩個輔音字母,因此不需雙寫) repeatT repeatedT repeating (輔音字母前是兩個元音字母,因此輔音字母無需雙寫) openTopenedT opening (后面音節(jié)不重讀,因此末尾輔音字母也不需雙寫)4“ 一個元音字母+L ”結尾的詞,英國人雙寫,美國人不雙寫:travelttravell
4、ed ttravelling (英)travel ttraveled ttraveling (美) cancelTcancelledTcancelling (英)canceltcanceledTcanceling (美) 5若“ L”前面有兩個元音字母,L則一概不雙寫:revealT revealedT revealing (英、美)appealT appealed appealing (英、美)6另有少數(shù)特殊的詞,盡管末尾音節(jié)不重讀,末尾輔音字母在英國仍然雙寫:Worshipt worshipped t worshipping (英)worship t worshiped t worship
5、ing (美)Kidnap t kid napped t kid napp ing (英)kid nap t kid naped t kid naping (美) programT programmed (英)programt programed (美國有時用此拼法)7 以“ X ”結尾的詞,X不雙寫:taxT taxed t tax ing mix t mixed t mixi ng在英語中,有些詞在加-ed/-ing時,其末尾字母需要雙寫。常見的有下面這些:abetabhoracquitadmitallotbanbarbatbegblotbragbrimchatchopclapcommit
6、compelconfercontrolcramcropdamdeferdeterdipdistildotdragdropdrumdubembedemitenrolen thralequipexcelexpelfanfitflaggetgringripgroggunhan dicaphemhophughumincurin stiljamjogjotknitknotlaglogmanmarmobmopmugnagnetnipnodoccuromitoutwitpadpatpatrolpenpinpitplanplodplugpopproppropelrebelrebutrecapreferscan
7、scarscarpscrubshipshopshredshrugshunsinsipskidskimskinspotstripslapslipslopslotsnapsobstrapthinstabstarstemstepstirstoptaptrimstunsubmitsunswaptagtantrektransfertransmitthrobtiptoptrapslamtriptrotvetwagwrapskipsquat另外,下面的詞在加-ed 和 -ing 時,在英國英語中末尾的字母要雙寫,而在美國英語中卻不一定雙寫:CancelinitialMarvelpencilRevelspir
8、alTunneldialkidnapmodelprogramrivalstencilunravelequallabelpanelquarrelshoveltotalworshiphiccuplevelpedalrefuelshriveltravel不規(guī)則動詞數(shù)目雖然有限,但大多數(shù)是常用動詞,例如:Beatf beatf beate ngivetgavet givenruntrantrunbecome became becomegot wenttgonesaytsaidtsaidbegi n began begu ngrowt grewtgrownseet sawt seenblow t ble
9、w t blow nhavet hadt hadselltsoldtsoldbreaks broke t brokenheart heardt heardsendt sentt sentbringtbroughttbroughthidethidthiddensett sett setbuildtbuilttbuilthitthitthitshaket shookt shakenbursttbursttburstholdtheldtheldshinetshonetshonebuytboughttboughthurtthurtthurtshoott shott shotcatchtcaughttc
10、aughtkeept keptt keptshowt showedt shownchooset choset chosenknow t knewt knownshutt shuttshutcometcametcomelaytlaidtlaidsingt sangtsungcostt costt costleadtledtledsinkt sanktsunkdigtdugtdugleavetlefttleftsittsattsatdot didt donelendtlenttlentsleeptslepttsleptdrawtdrewtdrawnlettlettletspeakt spoket
11、spokendrinktdranktdrunklietlaytlainspendt spentt spentdrivetdrovetdrivenlosetlosttlostspint spant spu neatt eatt eatenmaketmadetmadespreadt spreadt spreadfall t fell tfallenmeantmeanttmeantspringt sprangtsprungfeeltfelttfeltmeettmettmetstandt stoodt stoodfindt foundtfoundpaytpaidtpaidstealtstoletsto
12、lenfly tflew tflownputtputtputsticktstucktstuckforgettforgottforgotenreadt readtreadstriketstrucktstruckforgive tforgavetforgivenridet rodet riddenswimtswamtswumfreezetfrozetfrizenringtrangtrungtaket tookttakengett gott gotrisetrosetrisenteachttaughtttaughtteatore torn tell t told t toldweepT wept t
13、 wept win t won t wonwrite t wrote t writte nthrow t threw t throw n wake t woke t wake nthi nk t thought t thoughtwearT wore t wornun dersta ndT un derstoodT un derstood這里面有些詞有兩種拼法,例如:英國拼法美國拼法bur n t bur nt t burntbur n r bur nedr bur neddreamr dreamtr dreamtdreamr dreamedr dreamedleanr lea ntr lea
14、ntlea nr lean edr leanedleapr leaptT leaptleapr leapedr leapedlearnr learntr learntlear nr lear nedr learnedsmell r smelt r smeltsmell r smelledr smelledspell r speltr speltspellr spelled r spelledspill r spilt r spiltspill r spilled r spilledspoil r spoilt r spoiltspoil r spoiled r spoiled現(xiàn)在分詞的構成法現(xiàn)
15、在分詞一般由動詞原形加-ing構成,如:goT going sta ndT sta nding askT ask ing an swerT an sweri ng study t study ing beT being 但在下列情況下,拼寫應作相應變化:1. 以不發(fā)音的-e結尾是動詞,須去掉 e再加-ing。如:comeT coming write t writi ngtake t takingbecomer beco ming但當將-e去掉會引起發(fā)音變化時,最后的-e就應保留。如:agreer agreei ng sin ger singeing另外,-e前為元音是,-e 也應保留。如:ca
16、noer canoeing2. 動詞是閉音節(jié)的單音節(jié)詞,或是以重讀閉音節(jié)結尾的多音節(jié)詞,末尾只有一個輔音字母是,這個輔 音字母須雙寫,再加-ing。如:sit t sitt ing begi nr begi nning run t running admit t admitt ing stop t stopp ing forget t forgett ing3. 少數(shù)幾個以-ie結尾的單音節(jié)動詞,須變ie為y,再加-ing。如:dier dyingtier tyi nglie t lyi ng-s詞尾的加法在一般現(xiàn)在時中,如果主語是第三人稱單數(shù),則動詞一般需加-s詞尾,如:She works
17、in a computer compa ny.她在電腦公司工作。He gives me a lot of help.他給我許多幫助。一般情況下都直接加 -s: comes lives plays listens因此在使用一般現(xiàn)在時時要經(jīng)常注意在第三人稱單數(shù)動詞后加-s詞尾。在加-s詞尾時要注意下面兩點:1. 在以ch, sh, s, x或o結尾的詞后面要加-es:teachT teachescatchr catcheswish t wisheswashr washes missr missesguessguessesmix t mixes fix t fixes gor goesdor doe
18、s2. 以"輔音+y”結尾的詞,先變 y為i再加-es:try t triesstudyr studies reply t replies fly t flies在加-s詞尾時,讀音有許多值得注意的地方:1) 在/p/, /t/, /k/, /f/等清輔音后面,-s讀作/s/:Helps hopes lets gets asks thinks laughs coughs2)在/s/, /z/, /, /t/匕 /d3/等音后-s或-es讀作/iz/:Guesses stresses rises pleaseswashes brushesteachescatches urges wag
19、es3)在其他情況下都讀作/z/:bringscomesgoesseesreadsliesshowsbegi nsforgives動詞的緊縮形式主要的緊縮形式如下:We areT we 'reHere isT here'sHe hasT he'sWho hasr who 'He will the'llYou arer you 'reThey are t they'reThat is t that'She hasr she'sI hadtI dShe will t she'llHe is t he'sShe isT she'sThere is t there'sIt is t it'There areTthere'reYou haver you've They have r they'veYou will r you'llWe shall/will r we 'They will r they 'lI havet I 'eWe haver we'veI shall/will t I llWho would twho'dI
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