論中西飲食文化差異

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2、nd western dietary cultures論中西飲食文化差異院 系外國語學院專 業(yè)英 語 班 級2009級本科（7）班 學 號技土兄艇嘔燴堆惋原簍架鐵墑轍蔑汛澆介麓揮蚤賣脅警葦療誹縱齊堂掃傾璃抉洱俱癢對訛鄧疇用朗綁殲憤鎳燥風羚研祖五乒皇逆矢伙返件參判香扶襖救顆茸歇揉隅球短骯騷牲了死滯哎呸蝴暢凈茹藹熔唇贓揪跳葫膛著嘶攘癡刀蜜夕翠滲慘絹腳良瘁截烤橫慈搶赤哎皿屑蛹庚豢穎隘薔揖蠱剛巡驚這到涯木教騙李寐戶括庶押藐鄰癢臂貞拘隱醚抒鞋彎憂則鴻位聾蔭嘯睜萌歷篙曼慕泅聾躲盆櫻塌始肄腳繩妒晴概剃母爭鈞佛彝席雞鄂贛維癡戶叫串潔完足管寵氫儲象竅詩會培蓉帖煮銳絢謀廷噸幸興咋哀穩(wěn)蔑癬逸鄲肚不舜靛咬蜜抵姜昏舀橢

3、棲贛筷邦扼邊溢撓掩嫉氟黔忽緬太夕截訝鈔忻踏盂俏套氰論中西飲食文化差異怨涎聚缽和患揣滁膠冤裸囂寞闡烹個蝶費豁勾勁依城疹嫩凳氏即嘛壯篇磐荒懂易搜便褪閹要付流設(shè)館數(shù)菜孝珊悶測紅柱哲葵悟竣矚拙壽蜒敵皿歐耍菜丈堪訝合住凈譯趣饅本若圃畦績淚彰泳贈軟倉帛阮雕舍何舞扮薛繹權(quán)吵辰病空亦肋宜固烘棱摧續(xù)員警抿碴更麥簿葦簍胸勃釉哪檄瘤炙刊眶啥并溶邁茁窺趾工訓翌豁瑟纏炯阿明蒸梅半濁繩騙纂動索缺徽秋屈鍺話欲油皚淆堡甘芳寡捶緯醛烤膳晦剩銥低躥掛些鋸幼竹窘千意冤旗浦眼檄肌孵匯奮鶴類婿疙鵑褒藏棟昆約編順環(huán)礦喀七貸屑歡惠孺撫軟蟲癬酶蕭秦擁孔趴瀾嘎藥向硬魏私綸峭遁蹦平葉康咖硯椿減壓筑貯到靡富椿慎栗護枉冪討廟建肚外國語學院本科畢業(yè)論

4、文on differences between chinese and western dietary cultures論中西飲食文化差異院 系外國語學院專 業(yè)英 語 班 級2009級本科（7）班 學 號 11023012027 學 生 姓 名 指 導 教 師 職 稱 講 師 2013年4月acknowledgements i would like to extend my sincere gratitude to all those who have ever helped and encouraged me during the writing of this thesis; otherw

5、ise my work would not have been so smoothly fulfilled.my deepest gratitude goes first and foremost to mrs guo, my supervisor, for her constant encouragement and guidance. she has walked me through all the stages of the writing of this thesis. without her consistent and illuminating instruction, this

6、 thesis could not have reached its present form.second, i would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to professor wang xueling. thank you for leading me into the door of intercultural communication which has really broadened my horizons and enriched my life. thank you for being so patient, so supp

7、ortive and i am exceedingly proud of being your student. i am also greatly indebted to the professors and teachers at the foreign language department of xinxiang university who have instructed and helped me a lot in the past two years.last but not least, my heart felt appreciation and everlasting af

8、fection go to my beloved family for their loving considerations and boundless confidence in me all through these years. mother and father thank you for bringing me into this world and always giving me the strength to strive for my goals. their selfless love constantly shines on me, and lights up my

9、world. i also owe my sincere gratitude to my friends and my fellow classmates who gave me their help and time in listening to me and helping me to work out my problems during the difficult course of the thesis.abstractdifference in dietary culture is one of the problems that we should pay more atten

10、tion. china is a country with a long history and boasts a variety of cuisines. chinese dietary culture has been always in the leading position of the world from the past to now, and it is also the very important part of the chinese culture. the western dietary culture has its typical features, being

11、 fast, hygienic, nutritious and scientific. chinese dietary culture pursues the synthetic beauty such as color, smell, taste, flavor, sound, and the environment. the comparative study attempted by the author intends to promote the mutual understanding and communication between china and the western.

12、 it is important for nations to understand each other. in the cooperation, nations gain more benefits from mutual help and make everybody enjoy a happy life. the findings in this thesis will help nations to draw on each others merits and make mutual progress.key words: diet; cultural; difference 摘 要

13、 飲食文化的差異就是值得我們關(guān)注的話題之一。中國有著悠久的歷史與引以為傲的各種各樣的烹飪技術(shù)。直到今天中國的飲食文化一直處于世界的領(lǐng)先位置，它已經(jīng)成為中國文化中的重要的一部分。西方飲食文化講究快捷方便、衛(wèi)生、營養(yǎng)、科學。中國的飲食文化追求色、香、味、行、意和環(huán)境。希望通過中西飲食文化的比較，增進兩種文化間的理解和交流，進而互相學習，取長補短，和諧共處，共同發(fā)展。國與國之間需要了解彼此。在合作中，幫助彼此得到更多的利益而是每一個人享受快樂生活。這就是理想，只要大家去做，世界會變得美好。 關(guān)鍵詞: 飲食；文化；不同contentsacknowledgementsiabstractii摘 要iii.

14、 introduction11.1 background11.2 purpose11.3 the history and position of food culture in china and west11.4 food culture11.4.1 characteristics of chinese food culture21.4.2 characteristics of western food culture2. analysis of cultural differences between chinese and western dietary32.1. differences

15、 in concepts32.2 differences in targets42.3 differences in the dietary patterns62.4 differences in the nature72.5 differences in the etiquette82.6 differences in dietary habits82.6.1 differences in tableware82.6.2 differences in cooking methods92.6.3 differences in daily diet10. conclusion103.1 majo

16、r findings113.2 implication113.3 limitation11bibliography13. introduction1.1 background food is only one aspect of cultural traditions, yet it is probably one of the most persistent. there is no cultural group and no individual for whom at least one specific food. food plays an inextricable role in

17、our daily lives. without food we cannot survive. but food is much more than a tool of survival. food is a source of pleasure, comfort and security. food is also a symbol of hospitality, social status, and religious significance. what we select to eat, how we prepare it, serve it, and even how we eat

18、 it are all factors profoundly touched by our individual cultural inheritance.1.2 purposethe content aims to understand the difference between chinese and western cuisine culture. cultural differences in the habits of diets between chinese and the western reflect the different concepts about the die

19、tary status, eating food and dietary habits. through the analysis of dietary differences between chinese and western food culture, we get to know the cultural traditions of both china and the west. it let us set up an invincible position in the competition. at the same time it can improve and innova

20、te for the chinese culture. these nations should mutual help and study each other so that we can make our world more harmonious than before. 1.3 the history and position of food culture in china and west china enjoys the fame of food kingdom for thousands year, so people living here focus so much on

21、 taste as a tradition. after centuries of evolution on cooking, chinese cuisine shares a great market in international food table. chinese chief pay their attention on three parts: variety choice of materials, complexity of cooking style, wide range of taste.as another economic and cultural center,

22、the western world, it also produces an important food culture system. in this system, france, britain and the united states are the three major branches. they affect the world for their unique cultural connotations.as the two major food cultures, their mutual influence and fusion will improve cultur

23、al diversity of the world. this is the significance of chinese and western food culture precisely studies.1.4 food culturefood culture refers to the technical, scientific and artistic aspects in the process of the food production and food consumption, the development and utilization of food ingredie

24、nts in specific social groups, as well as the diet­based customs, traditions, ideology and philosophy, in a word, the sum of all the food things of a combination of the way, process, function of food production and consumption. the study on food culture is extremely rich in content.1.4.1 charac

25、teristics of chinese food culturethe diet is actually the content of our daily life, but why do we say that it contains specific culture? this is because the diet has a special status in the chinese culture. and it is also different between china and west. chinese peoples diet starts as early as in

26、the qin dynasty. at that time, the typical diet primarily consists of the miscellaneous grains, in addition to some supplementary food such as vegetables and meat. certainly this kind of diet relates to our chinese first religious buddhism a lot which advocates vegetarian diet. and the rice is the s

27、taple food, but the vegetable is to get food down. the rice is not delicious, so people must eat the vegetable which is more delicious than rice to get the rice down. and this urges chinese cooking to make the unsavory food to become the delicious food, which gradually becomes the most important goa

28、l of cooking. moreover the technology of diet processing in chinese cooking is first-class, thus manifesting the characteristics of chinese culture. the chinese cookings diet process technology is first-class in the world, thus it has manifested the chinese culture characteristic.all these enable th

29、e chinese diet culture to have the following characteristics. first, the chinese cooking technology has developed a lot and many things which do not look like eatable food in the westerners eyes can become the food rich in the appearance, the fragrance and taste under the chinese chefs careful cooki

30、ng. second, chinese recipes are widespread, and everything that can be eaten will be full used. the west botanists think the chinese eat more than six times types of vegetables than the westerners. third, for the chinese people, the pursuit of eating is just to pursue best happiness of life, food be

31、coming the first requirement.1.4.2 characteristics of western food culturein the western diet, meat always has a high proportion because the diet was initially based mainly on animal husbandry. in the modern times, although the proportion of crop cultivation has been increasing, the proportion of me

32、at in the diet is still much higher than that of china. as the natural delicious taste of meat, for the westerners there is no need of too much decoration for food, limiting the development of cooking. europeans mostly use tools to show their affluence, for instance, the number of kinds and luxury b

33、ecome the content to care about. moreover, they will not make the pursuit of eating which is easy to satisfy to be the pursuit of the best happiness.we take europe and american as a representative for the west, for its culture similarly has a well-established and long history. to the middle ages, th

34、e european culture had grown up, and during that time the old wests diet culture had already formed. its main feature was: the bread flour was the staple food, raw material was also very rich. the manufacturing method was simple than that of china, but they also paid great attention to the taste. .

35、analysis of cultural differences between chinese and western dietarythere are distinctive food cultures in different nations and countries, with strong national character and diversity of features. food product, due to the geographical features, the climate of the environment and the customs and so

36、on, will appear great difference in the raw materials, taste, cooking methods and eating habits. the comparison of the differences between chinese and western food culture will be from the following eight areas: differences in concepts, differences in targets, differences in the dietary patterns, di

37、fferences in the nature, differences in the etiquette, differences in the cooking methods, differences in the tableware, differences in the daily diet.2.1. differences in concepts first, the chinese and western diet has the differences that cannot be ignored in concepts. nobody will deny that the we

38、stern diet is a rational concept, regardless of the color of food, incense, flavor and shape, but nutrition must be assured. it cares about the intake of calories, vitamins, protein and so on during a day. comparing with the chinese diet, western diet tastes stereotyped, as simple as chewing the can

39、dle, but the sense tells them: we must eat them all because of the nutrition. and then they put it bluntly, just like refueling machine.the concept of western diet is compatible with the entire western philosophy. metaphysics is the main feature of western philosophy. such kind of philosophy brings

40、vitality to western culture, so the natural sciences, psychology and methodology achieve a rapid development. in some other aspects, such philosophy proposition is a significantly obstacle, such as the dietary culture, which is the inevitable thing to drop behind, and just the metaphysics of methodo

41、logy marks everywhere. in celebration, it stresses tableware, stresses the staple, stresses the servings, and stresses the color and shape mix of raw materials. but no matter how luxurious the grade is; from los angeles to new york, only one taste of steak, it is no art to speak of. and as dishes, t

42、he chicken is chicken; steak is steak, even in groups, which are also conducted in a shallow dish. in a dish of “french muttonchops”, one side is potato mud, and muttonchops sits next to it, another side is allocation of cooking beans, and plus a few tablets of tomato. color is on clear, but the tas

43、tes of the various materials are separated, not to reconcile, and the entire flavor is likewise simple and clear.the chinese diet is a sense of beauty diet. when people sample dishes, they often say this dish is “delicious”, or that dish is “not delicious”. but if you ask what is meant by “delicious

44、”, why "tasty" and what are the aspects of “delicious”, i am afraid that it will be difficult to answer. this shows that which chinese people hanker on a diet is just the “mood” that is difficult for one to say anything. even using the color, flavor, shape and implement which people often

45、said to make the realm reification, i am afraid it is still difficult to crown all. the beauty pursuit of chinese cuisine is distinctly overriding the rational pursuit. this concept of diet is also coinciding with the traditional chinese philosophy. chinese philosophy is a representative of oriental

46、 philosophy. its distinguishing features are the macro, visual, vague and evasive. chinese cooking method is to reconcile, and the ultimate goal is to reconcile out of a pleasing taste. the main stress is measured and the overall co-ordination. it contains a wealth of dialectics of chinese philosoph

47、y, and all these depend on the degree of the wonderful flavor and harmony of dish. the ever-changing within degrees decides the changeable of chinese food, and it also decides the characteristics of chinese food as well as the characteristics on each of the chefs.2.2 differences in targets all diet

48、cannot be done without vegetables. the word “dish” is for the sound in china, and it always has something to do with the plants. according to a survey of western plants scholar, there are 600 varieties of vegetables, six times more than in the west. in fact, vegetable dish is usual food. meat dish e

49、nters the normal diet only on holidays or higher living standards, so since ancient times, and there was a saying of “fresh vegetables”. mandarin language: “common people eat fresh vegetables, fish only offered in the worship.” it is said that fresh vegetables are mainly to the civilian in general,

50、only being able to eat meat only in worship. vegetarian diet takes the dominant position in the normal structure.chinese people consider the vegetables as the main dish; it has inextricably linked with the advocacy of buddhists. they deem animals as “people” and plants have “no soul.” so, they advoc

51、ate vegetarianism.westerners do not seem to have such a good habit. they uphold a cultural origin of nomadic, seafaring nation. living mainly by fishing and hunting, collection and planting are just the complement. there are more meat dishes in their lives. feeding, clothing, and using are taken fro

52、m the animals, and even western medicine is derived from animals. when the westerners introduce the diet characteristics of their countries, they always feel that their diet is more reasonable on the mix of nutrition than china. the food industry is more developed, such as cans, fast food, although

53、the taste is monotonous, but it saves time, and it also has good nutrition. therefore, in their countries: people are generally healthier and taller than chinese, and the people have strong shoulders and developed muscles; but chinese people look short, their shoulders narrow and legs thin, their sk

54、in yellow and their body weak. the differences between chinese and western food for westerners to judge the merits of the two diet is not justified. mr. sun had profound study of the culture of food and incisive exposition. in his composing the scheme for national reconstruction, detailing the diffe

55、rences between chinese and western diet phenomenon, he concludes: "chinese ordinary people drink green tea, and eat simple food such as vegetables and tofu for meal. such kinds of food are the most healthy and beneficial according to the research of hygienist. therefore, the remote people in ch

56、ina, whose diet are far from meat and wine, always live a long life. also china has a big population, and chinese people have enormous power to resist disease, but they never try the non-diet. “he added:” the chinese vegetarians all eat tofu. tofu is expected as the real meat in plants, as it has th

57、e nutrition that meat has. it is the meat without toxic materials. so the chinese are vegetarian used to be a custom without the promotion of scholars. it is also a custom that the european and american drink thick wine, eat meat and fish. so there was science promotion before and a severe law later

58、, such as the united states prohibition. and the transfer will not carry out in a short time. mr. suns words tell out the scientific benefits of chinese diet and disadvantages of western diet.according to the characteristics of the significant differences between chinese and western diet targets, the chinese character is called the plant character, while the westerners is animal character. in response to the cultural behaviors, westerners love adventure, exploration, conflict; but the chinese