模擬電子技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)論文

1、模擬電子技術(shù)是一門研究對(duì)仿真信號(hào)處理的模擬電路學(xué)科。模擬電路作為電氣工程及其自動(dòng)化專業(yè)主干課程之一，經(jīng)歷了長足的發(fā)，目前已經(jīng)被廣泛應(yīng)用在我們的生活中。模擬電子技術(shù)以半導(dǎo)體二極管、半導(dǎo)體三極管和場效應(yīng)管為關(guān)鍵電子器件，包括功率放大電路、運(yùn)算放大電路、反饋放大電路、信號(hào)運(yùn)算與處理電路、信號(hào)產(chǎn)生電路、電源穩(wěn)壓電路等研究方向，不斷的改革創(chuàng)新，并應(yīng)用到生產(chǎn)生活當(dāng)中，極大的推動(dòng)了科技的進(jìn)步。本文概述了模擬電子技術(shù)的發(fā)展過程及其前景，接著對(duì)模擬電子技 術(shù)基礎(chǔ)每章節(jié)進(jìn)行雙語詳解，從而達(dá)到深層次理解掌握模擬電子技術(shù)的目的。關(guān)鍵詞 : 模擬電子技術(shù)，二極管，信號(hào)發(fā)生器ABSTRACTElectronic?tech

2、nology?is?the?study?of?simulation?of?the?simulation?signal?proce ssing?circuit.?Analogcircuit?as?one?of?electrical?engineering?and?it?sautomation?prof essional?back?bone?course,experience?da?long?hair,now?has?been?widely?used?in?ou r?life.Analogelectronic?technology?for?semiconductor?diodes,semicond

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5、?of?deep?under stand?master?an?alogelectronic?technology.Keywords :Analogelectronictechnology;triode;teaching;signalcircu緒論1、 簡介模擬電子技術(shù)是電子技術(shù)的一個(gè)方面, 他是一個(gè)非常美麗的地方, 在這個(gè)領(lǐng)域,數(shù)學(xué)、物理、信息工程、電氣工程和自動(dòng)化工程學(xué)科發(fā)現(xiàn)和諧集成點(diǎn), 其深刻的理論基礎(chǔ)和廣泛的實(shí)際應(yīng)用使它有一個(gè)強(qiáng)大而持久的生命力。因此, 對(duì)于許多相關(guān)的科學(xué)。模擬電子技術(shù)是一個(gè)非常重要的基礎(chǔ)理論課程。一般來說, 模擬電子技術(shù)是一個(gè)實(shí)用的, 非常實(shí)用的課題, 本文的主要目的是

6、研究各種半導(dǎo)體器件的性能、電路及其應(yīng)用, 模擬電子技術(shù), 很多的概念, 但在科學(xué)和工程專業(yè)知識(shí)的過程中學(xué)習(xí)。起著非常重要的作用, 它不僅是為未來的課程奠定基礎(chǔ) , 為我們分析和解決問題的能力也是非常重要的。根據(jù)目前流行的說, 就是使用一門外語（ 主要是英語） 進(jìn)行非語言學(xué)科的教學(xué),為學(xué)生創(chuàng)造一個(gè)密切接觸英語環(huán)境”。認(rèn)為 , 雙語教學(xué)被認(rèn)為是一種外語教學(xué)方法不夠全面。在當(dāng)今世界, 有很多多元文化國家根據(jù)實(shí)際情況, 在一些學(xué)校實(shí)施雙語教學(xué) , 雙語教學(xué)是它的目的, 主要是指一個(gè)語言政策是一個(gè)多元文化的國家, 而不僅僅是一種教學(xué)方式。雙語教學(xué)改革的實(shí)施不僅有利于培養(yǎng)素質(zhì)高、能力強(qiáng), 而且教師的英語水

7、平的提高。作為一個(gè)重要的專業(yè)電工基礎(chǔ)課程, 實(shí)施雙語教學(xué)是最好的選擇。模擬電子技術(shù)課程的雙語教學(xué)模式, 經(jīng)過一系列的教學(xué)實(shí)踐和探索實(shí)踐證明效果是比較理想的, 可以更好地?cái)U(kuò)大學(xué)生的知識(shí), 提高學(xué)習(xí)能力。根據(jù)雙語教學(xué)的模式不僅讓學(xué)生根據(jù)其基本原理來解決遇到的問題的過程中學(xué)習(xí)和英語水平的提高, 增強(qiáng)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣, 讓他們覺得有用。模擬電子技術(shù)課程的教學(xué)目標(biāo)。模擬電子技術(shù)的特點(diǎn)是: 線性和非線性的組合, 直流和交流, 結(jié)合電路和設(shè)備,基本的估計(jì)和物理概念的組合。目前 , 模擬電子技術(shù)的現(xiàn)狀可以簡單地鬼說: 理論體系和緊密整合, 全面介紹網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖論, 通過計(jì)算機(jī)的影響, 非線性電路與系統(tǒng)的研究方興未艾

8、, 集成電路和超大規(guī)模的快速發(fā)展的狀態(tài)將在很長一段時(shí)間對(duì)電路和系統(tǒng)科 學(xué)的發(fā)展, 在多通道設(shè)備, 集成 ; 在系統(tǒng)的分析方法, 優(yōu)化集成; 在系統(tǒng)擴(kuò)展從線性到非線性 , 從被動(dòng)到主動(dòng), 從單一元素離散擴(kuò)展到集成電路系統(tǒng)。進(jìn)入 21 世紀(jì) , 電子技術(shù)快速發(fā)展的時(shí)代, 隨著技術(shù)的不斷改進(jìn), 使設(shè)備規(guī)模繼續(xù)縮小, 以不斷提高集成降低功耗, 旗艦性能得到了改進(jìn)。隨著時(shí)代的發(fā)展, 將越來越多的雙語教學(xué)教師和所有年齡段的學(xué)生, 一方面可以提高語言能力, 另一個(gè)是與世界先進(jìn)的電子技術(shù)知識(shí)的整合, 擴(kuò)大我們的視野, 與英語的國際化和電子技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展, 傳統(tǒng)的剛性的教學(xué)將逐步新穎便捷的多媒體技術(shù)來取代。多媒

9、體課件的教學(xué)方法是一個(gè)基本出發(fā)點(diǎn)是基于文本、圖像、聲音、動(dòng)畫和其他方式合作, 刺激學(xué)生的感官, 激發(fā)學(xué)生的興趣和嚴(yán)格的形式的多媒體課件和黑板, 粉筆是沒有區(qū)別, 獲得教學(xué)效果并不顯著。課件的制作適當(dāng)?shù)牟牧? 適用于木材。多媒體課件可以充分發(fā)揮學(xué)生的潛能, 強(qiáng)化教學(xué)效果, 提高教學(xué)質(zhì)量為重心。但最終多媒體只是一種輔助教學(xué)手段, 為了更好地利用先進(jìn)的知識(shí)傳播工具。課題來源隨著當(dāng)今世界的發(fā)展，外語的應(yīng)用越來越廣泛，國內(nèi)外語環(huán)境較差。所以教育需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)新，為此我們學(xué)校領(lǐng)導(dǎo)及老師讓我們以雙語課件為主題寫一篇論文。雙語教學(xué)不僅可以讓學(xué)生與英語有親密的環(huán)境，也能讓老師的整體素質(zhì)能力得到提高。在中國這個(gè)多元化國家

10、，雙語教學(xué)不僅是一種教學(xué)模式，更是一種語言政策。模擬電子技術(shù)作為一門電類相關(guān)專業(yè)的重要專業(yè)基礎(chǔ)教程之一，實(shí)施雙語教學(xué)模式是非常合適的。2、 課題研究目的及意義對(duì)于這次模擬電子技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)使用雙語教學(xué)模式，我們主要目的是能讓學(xué)生在學(xué)習(xí)的過程中可以掌握兩種語言，提高對(duì)英語的理解，增強(qiáng)學(xué)習(xí)興趣，擴(kuò)大學(xué)生的知識(shí)面。經(jīng)過一系列研究實(shí)踐和探索，雙語教學(xué)的效果理想，不僅專業(yè)上學(xué)以致用，外語能力也得到提高，學(xué)習(xí)也更加有興趣了。這就是模擬電子技術(shù)雙語教學(xué)的目的所在了。3、 國內(nèi)研究現(xiàn)狀和發(fā)展趨勢(shì)及綜述模擬電子技術(shù)的特點(diǎn)為：線性與非線性相結(jié)合，直流與交流相結(jié)合，電路與器件相結(jié)合，基本估算與物理概念相結(jié)合。目前，模擬電

11、子技術(shù)的現(xiàn)狀可簡單地鬼難為：與系統(tǒng)理論緊密結(jié)合、全面引入網(wǎng)絡(luò)圖論、深受計(jì)算機(jī)的沖擊、非線性電路與系統(tǒng)的研究方興未艾、集成電路的出現(xiàn)并向超大規(guī)模迅速發(fā)展的狀況將在相當(dāng)長時(shí)間內(nèi)左右電路與系統(tǒng)學(xué)科的發(fā)展；在器件上多段話、集成化； 在分析方法上系統(tǒng)化、最佳化、可集成化；在體系上從線性擴(kuò)展到非線性、從無源擴(kuò)展到有源、從單元件分立擴(kuò)展到電路系統(tǒng)的集成。進(jìn)入21 實(shí)際，電子技術(shù)進(jìn)入了飛速發(fā)展的時(shí)代，隨著工藝技術(shù)的不斷改進(jìn)，使得器件的尺寸不斷縮小，從而集成度不斷提高，功耗降低，旗艦性能得到提高。Catalog1 Analog Concept 11.1 Element and paramete.r11.2 El

12、ectronic component11.3 Analog signal and digital singnal 21.4 Troubleshooting Analog Circuits 31.5 Basic test instrument32 Diodes and Applications42.1 The Atomic Structure Of Semiconductors 42.2 The PN Junction 62.3 Biasing the Semiconductor Diode72.4 Diode classification 73 Bipolar Junction Transis

13、tors 73.1 Structure of Bipolar Junction Transistors73.2 Transistor operating principle83.3 Characteristic curve of BJT 93.4 BJT Bias Circuits93.5 Fault diagnosis of transistor bias 94 Field Effect Transistors114.1 Structure of Field Effect Transistors 114.2 JFET Characteristics114.3 The transconduct

14、ance curve of JFET 124.4 Input resistance of JFET134.5 Differential amplifier 135 Basic Op-Amp Circuits 145.1 Comparators 145.2 The Effect of Noise on The Comparator 155.3 Integrators and Differentiators 16Concluding Remarks17Thank 17Reference 181 Analog Concept1.1 Element and parameterAccording to

15、the types of signals that we use, we can the electronic credits into two parts: digital electronics and analog electronics. The analog circuit is used for continuous variation, while the digital circuit is used to correspond to the discrete level. Analog electronics is the signal processing, such as

16、 amplification, differential, integral, and so on. And digital electronics, including arithmetic and logic operations, as is the use of computers and calculators to complete the operation.1.2 Electronic componentIn twentieth Century, the electronic system from the sender to Chittagong vacuum tubes,

17、transistors and integrated circuits. Integrated circuit is the function of the completion of the original, it is divided into digital integrated circuit with analog integrated circuit, one is to use two discrete voltage, and the other is to deal with the continuous change of the input signal with th

18、e output signal.In ordinary algebra, linear equations can be expressed in a linear representation of variables, and are generally written in a formula.Y=mx+bY said X is the dependent variable, independent variable, M slope, B is the intercept on the Y axis.Whenthe intercept is zero, is to go through

19、 the origin, the B is zero, then the formula isY=mxLinear original is the increase in the current and the voltage is proportional to the added, but also in line with the Ohm's law. For most electronic components, the characteristic curve is the curve of the current versus voltage (the graph of t

20、he relationship between the two elements ofa component in general) is defined as the characteristic curve. If the power supply reverse connection, then the circuit will be what is not the same?This time will produce more readings, will makepeople look very messy, prone to error.The above mentioned c

21、haracteristic curve of resistance is a straight origin, and Y axis with zero intercept time. The slope of a straight line is constant and is equal to the resistance of the electrical conductivity, that is, the reciprocal of the slope is the resistance.1.3 Analog signal and digital singnalIn analog e

22、lectronics, a signal is a voltage or current that contains information. And electronic system signal is often used in a way to deal with or can transform the waveform as well as through the amplification to improve energy. This way can be carried out in a continuous manner. Weknow that the signal is

23、 divided into continuous or discrete type, in which the continuous signal transformation is flat and slow, which is not interrupted. But discrete signals can only take one part (for example, some of them).Continuous and discrete can be used for the amplitude of the signal can also be used for time.

24、On the other hand, another type of encoder only some data you choose to step in.In order to make the signal carrying information transmission, electronic waveform of the voltage or frequency of some energy needs to change, telecom, general will in a fixed time interval repeat, the repetitive wavefor

25、m called periodic waveform. Cycle is the time required to complete a cycle waveform. Which is divided into many kinds of waves, such as sine wave. Sine wave is the most basic and most important waveform. It is the waveform of the current or voltage, with the same waveform as thetrigonometric functio

26、n of the sin wave in the algebra. Sine wave is a kindof waveform which can be naturally generated by AC generator or radio wave.It also has laser generating process, sonic vibration phenomenon.1.4 Troubleshooting Analog CircuitsIn analog electronics, a signal is a voltage or current that contains in

27、formation. And electronic system signal is often used in a way to deal with or can transform the waveform as well as through the amplification to improve energy. This way can be carried out in a continuous manner. Weknow that the signal is divided into continuous or discrete type, in which the conti

28、nuous signal transformation is flat and slow, which is not interrupted. But discrete signals can only take one part (for example, some of them).Continuous and discrete can be used for the amplitude of the signal can also be used for time. On the other hand, another type of encoder only some data you

29、 choose to step in.In order to make the signal carrying information transmission, electronic waveform of the voltage or frequency of some energy needs to change, telecom, general will in a fixed time interval repeat, the repetitive waveform called periodic waveform. Cycle is the time required to com

30、plete a cycle waveform. Which is divided into many kinds of waves, such as sine wave. Sine wave is the most basic and most important waveform. It is the waveform of the current or voltage, with the same waveform as the trigonometric function of the sin wave in the algebra. Sine wave is a kind of wav

31、eform which can be naturally generated by AC generator or radio wave. It also has laser generating process, sonic vibration phenomenon.1.5 Basic test instrumentIn analog electronics, a signal is a voltage or current that contains information. And electronic system signal is often used in a way to de

32、al with or can transform the waveform as well as through the amplification toimprove energy. This way can be carried out in a continuous manner. Weknow that the signal is divided into continuous or discrete type, in which the continuous signal transformation is flat and slow, which is not interrupte

33、d. But discrete signals can only take one part (for example, some of them).Continuous and discrete can be used for the amplitude of the signal can also be used for time. On the other hand, another type of encoder only some data you choose to step in.In order to make the signal carrying information t

34、ransmission, electronic waveform of the voltage or frequency of some energy needs to change, telecom, general will in a fixed time interval repeat, the repetitive waveform called periodic waveform. Cycle is the time required to complete a cycle waveform. Which is divided into many kinds of waves, su

35、ch as sine wave. Sine wave is the most basic and most important waveform. It is the waveform of the current or voltage, with the same waveform as the trigonometric function of the sin wave in the algebra. Sine wave is a kind of waveform which can be naturally generated by AC generator or radio wave.

36、 It also has laser generating process, sonic vibration phenomenon.2 Diodes and Applications2.1 The Atomic Structure Of SemiconductorsIn analog electronics, a signal is a voltage or current that contains information. And electronic system signal is often used in a way to deal with or can transform th

37、e waveform as well as through the amplification to improve energy. This way can be carried out in a continuous manner. Weknow that the signal is divided into continuous or discrete type, in which the continuous signal transformation is flat and slow, which is not interrupted. But discrete signals ca

38、n only take one part (for example, some of them).Continuous and discrete can be used for the amplitude of the signal can alsobe used for time. On the other hand, another type of encoder only some data you choose to step in.view 2-1In order to make the signal carrying information transmission, electr

39、onic waveform of the voltage or frequency of some energy needs to change, telecom, general will in a fixed time interval repeat, the repetitive waveform called periodic waveform. Cycle is the time required to complete a cycle waveform. Which is divided into many kinds of waves, such as sine wave.vie

40、w 2-2Sine wave is the most basic and most important waveform. It is the waveform of the current or voltage, with the same waveform as the trigonometric function of the sin wave in the algebra. Sine wave is a kind of waveform which can be naturally generated by AC generator or radio wave. It also has

41、 laser generating process, sonic vibration phenomenonCovalent Bond Structure:view 2-32.2 The PN JunctionA PNjunction is a diode. In the equilibrium state, there is no current in the PN junction. The main use of the semiconductor diode is the one way electric conductivity.view 2-4PN junctionWhena pur

42、e semiconductor is generally doped n type, the general doping of P type, then in between the two regions on the formation of a PN node.In the N area, there are many free electrons and several holes which are thermally produced. There are many holes in the p region. The free electron.Pn structure pro

43、duced by the hot electrons is the basic diode and the basis of the work of all solid state components. Diode is a component that only allows current to flow in one direction.view 2-52.3 Biasing the Semiconductor DiodeThe term bias in electronics refers to a fixed DCvoltage which is added to the semi

44、conductor element to set its working conditions. Forward bias is the condition that allows the current to flow through the PN junction.Reverse bias is the bias condition to prevent the current flowing through the PN junction.As shownin the following figure. The lead out of the P region is called a p

45、ositive electrode or an anode, and the lead out of the N region is called a negative electrode or a cathode3.4Diode classificationview 2-62.4 Diode classificationphotodiode: The reverse current increases with the increase of the intensity of light.view 2-7When a forward current flows, the light of a

46、 certain wavelength range is sent out, and the current light emitting tube can emit light from infrared to visible light band.view 2-83 Bipolar Junction Transistors3.1 Structure of Bipolar Junction TransistorsBipolar transistor, it is abbreviated as BJT. Is constructed from three doped semiconductor

47、 regions. These three regions are known as the emission region, the base region and the collector region (Figure A, b);these three regions are separated by two pn. We know that bipolar transistors are divided into two types. Oneof the two Pn areas in the middle of a PN with a thin layer, known as NP

48、N type transistor, there is a two PN area, the middle of a thin layer of PN clip, called PNP type transistor.These two kinds of transistors are widely used by us, but the former is more widely used. So most of us learn about it.view 3-23.2 Transistor operating principleIn order to make the transisto

49、r work normally, an external DC bias voltage must be provided on two Pnjunctions in order to establish the proper working conditions. NPN and PNP tube normal bias, in two cases, the launch of the junction are forward bias, the season is reverse bias, known as positive and negative bias.view 3-3But i

50、n the two case the voltage polarity and the direction of the current is just the opposite. From emitter outflow into the narrow and low doping concentration of the base region most electronic no composite two little continues to spread to the BCjunction depletion region, once into the region they in

51、 the reverse bias BC junction period will be the attraction between positive and negative ions established plants pull.Kirchhoff's current law points out that the total current flowing into the node must be equal to the total current flowing out of the node. Applying this law to the NPNtube and

52、the PNP tube can be concluded that the emitter current Ie is equal to the set current Ic which is the sumof the base current Ib. The expression is: Ie=Ic+Ib in which the current respectively shows the NPNtube and PNPtube small signal transistor of the typical current value .3.3 Characteristic curve

53、of BJTThe BJT characteristic curve is divided into the input characteristic curve and the output characteristic curve, and the input characteristic curve is close to the commondiode. That is to say in the analysis of bipolar transistor circuit, if thetransistor is turned on, the emitter voltage atbo

54、th ends of the regarded as 0.7V. If the voltage is 0 transistor turn-on, if much larger than 0.7 the transistor emitter junction is regarded as an open circuit. In order to draw the output characteristic curve of the BJT, the base level current must be selected and kept constant. For example, the ci

55、rcuit used to generate a base level current in the role of Ic with theVce change of a group of volt ampere curve, this curve is called the output characteristic curve.view 3-4view 3-53.4 BJT Bias CircuitsBias is the addition of proper DC voltage to the transistor to work properly. It can be achieved

56、 through any one of several basic circuits. The selection of bias circuit is very related to the application. In which the linear amplifier, the input signal must be in the positive and negative direction change. But the transistors work in a single direction. In order to allow the transistor to amp

57、lify the ACsignal, the AC signal is required to be superimposed on the DC capacity of the set of good working points.The bias circuit sets the DC to allow the AC signal to move in a positive or negative direction without making the transistor in saturation or cutoff3.5 Fault diagnosis of transistor

58、biasAs the bias circuit diagnosis is usually simple, ordinary transistor bias circuit bias poor fault by resulted in the following two cases a, the first: transistor in saturation state the second: transistor is off state.In the beginning of the diagnostic circuit, the first to check the base, collector and emitter voltage. It is very practical to observe whether they are suitable or not. Wehave to keep in mind that these voltages are usually associated with some resist