動(dòng)詞-ed分詞的用法講解

1、v1.0可編輯可修改動(dòng)詞-ed分詞的用法一i、基本概念1.分詞的定義1 .動(dòng)詞的-ed分詞即過(guò)去分詞，是由動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞構(gòu)成，一般只有一種形式。2 .過(guò)去分詞的語(yǔ)法作用：過(guò)去分詞一方面具有動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì)，另一方面也相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞或副詞（相當(dāng)于被 動(dòng)語(yǔ)），在句中可以作表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。1）過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)，主要表示主語(yǔ)的心理感覺(jué)或所處的狀態(tài)。如：don' t touch the glass because it is broken.不要碰那個(gè)杯子，它是壞的（它是被打壞的）。he is quite pleased with the design of the dress.她很喜歡那禮服

2、的式樣。2）過(guò)去分詞做定語(yǔ)：?jiǎn)蝹€(gè)的過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)一般放在名詞的前面，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。如：the excited people rushed into the building.激動(dòng)的人們奔進(jìn)了 大樓。（excited people 被激動(dòng)了 的人）we need more qualified teachers.我們需要更多合格的教師。（被資質(zhì)認(rèn)證過(guò)的老師，或經(jīng)過(guò)資質(zhì)認(rèn)證的老師。）過(guò)去分詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)通常放在被修飾的詞后面，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。如：is there anything planned for tomorrow明天有什么活動(dòng)嗎t(yī)he suggestion made by the f

3、oreign expert was adopted by the manager. 夕卜 國(guó)專家提出來(lái)的建議被經(jīng)理采納了。過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)也可用作非限制性定語(yǔ)，前后用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。如：the books, written by lu xun, are popular with many chinese people.這些書(shū)是魯迅寫(xiě)的，受到了許多中國(guó)人民的喜愛(ài)。the meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success.這次會(huì)議獲得很大的成功，共有一千個(gè)學(xué)生出席了。3）過(guò)去分詞做狀語(yǔ)：-ed 分詞和-ing分詞作狀語(yǔ)一樣，也可以表示時(shí)間、

4、原因、條件、讓步、方式或 伴隨情況等。表時(shí)間，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，有時(shí)過(guò)去分詞前可加連詞when或while來(lái)強(qiáng)調(diào) 時(shí)間概念。如：seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden.從山頂上看，這個(gè)城市就像一個(gè)大花園。accepted by the party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the party.入黨以后，他決定獻(xiàn)身于黨的事業(yè)。表原因，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。如:deeply movedby the story, the excited

5、 people stopped quarrelling with each other.激動(dòng)的人們被那個(gè)故事深深地感動(dòng)了，停止了爭(zhēng)吵。encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.受到了講演的鼓舞，年輕人決定起來(lái)從事斗爭(zhēng)。表?xiàng)l件，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句，有時(shí)過(guò)去分詞前可用if等詞。如：given another chance, he will do better.再給他一次機(jī)會(huì)，他會(huì)做得更好。compared with your brother, you should

6、 makegreater efforts to study english.和你哥哥相比，你應(yīng)該更加努力學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。if heated, water can be turned into steam.水如果被加熱，會(huì)變成水蒸氣。表讓步，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)though/although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。如：exhausted by the running, they went on running after the robber.盡管已經(jīng)跑得筋疲力盡，他們還是繼續(xù)追趕著那個(gè)強(qiáng)盜。laughed at by many people, he continued his study.盡管被許多人嘲笑，他還是

7、繼續(xù)他的研究。表方式或伴隨情況。如：the old man went into the room, supported by his wife.那個(gè)老人在他的妻子的攙扶下走進(jìn)了房間。seated at the table, my father and i were talking about my job.我和父親坐在桌子旁邊討論著我的工作問(wèn)題。4）過(guò)去分詞作補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：過(guò)去分t可以在 see, hear, notice, watch, find, get, have, feel, make,leave, keep等詞后與一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。如：when will you go

8、 to the hospital and have your tooth examined你什么時(shí)候去醫(yī)院檢查你的牙齒when you are making a speech, you should speak louder to makeyourself heard.當(dāng)你在作報(bào)告時(shí)，你應(yīng)該講響一點(diǎn)使自己被人聽(tīng)清。當(dāng)這類句子變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，過(guò)去分詞用作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。如：one of the glasses was found broken.有人發(fā)現(xiàn)其中一個(gè)杯子破了。they should be kept informed of the situation there.應(yīng)該讓他們知道那兒的形勢(shì)。二、

9、特別提醒1 .過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，它的邏輯主語(yǔ)一般必須和句子的主語(yǔ)相一致。如：when asked why he came here, the boy kept silent.當(dāng)那個(gè)男孩被問(wèn)到為何來(lái)這里時(shí)，他沉默不語(yǔ)。born and brought up in the countryside, he was interested in biology.由于在農(nóng)村出生并長(zhǎng)大，他對(duì)生物很感興趣。如果過(guò)去分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)和句子主語(yǔ)不一致，必須使用過(guò)去分詞的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。2 .動(dòng)詞have后所接的三種賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)：have somebody/somethingdo something不定式作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)必須省去to

10、, 不定式動(dòng)作由 賓語(yǔ)發(fā)出，表示一次性的動(dòng)作。如：i had the workers do the job for me.我讓工人們替我完成了工作。jim often has his father help him with his homework.吉姆經(jīng)常讓他的父親幫助做家庭作業(yè)。have somebody /something doing something -ing分詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，分詞動(dòng)作也由賓語(yǔ)發(fā)出，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的延續(xù)或正在進(jìn)行。如：they had the tractor working all the time.他們讓拖拉機(jī)一直工作著。we won t have the child ta

11、lking to his mother like that.我們不能讓那個(gè)孩子那樣對(duì)他的媽媽說(shuō)話。have somebody/something done過(guò)去分詞作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)和補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之間有邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，通常有兩種情況：主語(yǔ)讓別人做某事，強(qiáng)調(diào)主語(yǔ)的意志。如：he had his hair cut yesterday.他昨天理發(fā)了。later on the center had a great many new trees planted. 后來(lái)，這個(gè)中心讓 人種了很多樹(shù)。主語(yǔ)遭到某種不幸或陷入惡劣的環(huán)境，說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的一種無(wú)意識(shí)的被動(dòng)行為。如：he had his leg broken in t

12、he match last month. 他在上星期的比賽中摔斷了腿。he had one eye lost in the war.在戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中，他失去了一只眼睛。3 .非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)式作定語(yǔ)的三種形式：the bridge to be built將要建造的橋（表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作）the bridge being built正在建造的橋（表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作）the bridge built造好的橋（表示完成的動(dòng)作）4 .過(guò)去分詞和ing分詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)通常表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)或感受，而-ing分詞作表語(yǔ)多表示主語(yǔ)所 具有的特征，如：hearing the news, we felt v

13、ery surprised.聽(tīng)至岐b個(gè)7肖息、，我cl感至u彳艮，原訝the news is very surprising.這個(gè)消息很令人驚訝。they were frightened to hear the frightening sound.他們聽(tīng)至 u那可怕的聲音很害怕。at the sight of the movingscene, all the people present were movecto tears.4v1.0可編輯可修改 看到這么動(dòng)人的情景，所有在場(chǎng)的人都感動(dòng)得流下了眼淚。英語(yǔ)中這樣的分詞還有很多，如：amusing, amused; encouraging, en

14、couraged;disappointing, disappointed; exciting, excited; puzzling, puzzled; satisfying, satisfied; worrying, worried; tiring, tired; pleasing, pleased; interesting, interested; astonishing, astonished 等。5,過(guò)去分詞和ing分詞作定語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)和-ing分詞作定語(yǔ)有一定的區(qū)別。試比較下面幾組短語(yǔ)：boiled water 開(kāi)水 boiling water 正沸騰的水developed

15、 countries 發(fā)展的國(guó)家 developing countries 發(fā)展中國(guó)家fallen leaves 落葉falling leaves正在飄落的葉子changed condition 改變了 的情況 changing condition 變化著的情況由此可見(jiàn)，過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)通常表示完成的或被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作而-ing分詞作定語(yǔ)可以 表示正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。專項(xiàng)練習(xí)1. (1)from the top of the tv tower, and we can get a beautiful sight of most of the city.(2) from the top of the t

16、vtower, we can get a beautiful sight of most of the city.a. to see b. seen c. seeing d. see2. all things, the planned trip will have to be called off.a. be considered b. considering c. having considered d. considered3. the big snake, the little girl stood under the tree out of herlife.a. saw; fright

17、ened b. seen; frightenedc. to see; frightening d. seeing; frightened4. generally speaking, according to the directions, the drug has no side effect.a. when taking b. when taken c. when to take d. when to be taken5. the research is so designed that once nothing can be done to changeit.a. begins b. be

18、gun c. beginning d. having begun6.in 1613, harvard is one of the most famous universities in the united5v1.0可編輯可修改stated.a. being founded b. founded c. it was founded d. founding7 . if you go to xi ' an, you will find the palaces there more magnificent than commonly.a.supposed b.supposing c. to

19、suppose d.suppose8 .more attention, the tree could have grown better.a. given b. to give c. giving d. having given9 . in order not to be disturbed, i spent three hours in my study.a. locking b. to lock c. locked d. being locked10 .with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain does not seem

20、high at all.a. when compared b. compare c. while comparing d. comparing11 . mrs. bush stood for a moment when an old soldier suddenly appearedbefore her.a. surprised b. surprising c. being surprised d. to be surprised12 .alone in the dark room, the little boy was so frightened as to cry.a. leaving b. left c. to be left d. having left13 .to complete the job on time, they set out to work immediately.a. being determined b. on having determinedc. determined d. to be determined14.1 n a friendly way, their quarrel came to an end.a. be