Oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫備份技術

1、oracle數(shù)據(jù)庫備份技術the meaning of a backupwhen we use a database, always want the content of the database is reliable, accurate, but due to failure of the computer system (hardware failure, network failure, process failure and system failure) affect the operation of the database system, affect the validit

2、y of the data in the database, or even destroy the database, the database of all or part of the loss of data therefore, the preservation of existing data - the backup is more important.second, the backup methodoracle databases have three standard backups. export/import (export/import), cold backup,

3、hot backup.export the backup is a logical backup, read this method include a series of database log, and written to the file, which had nothing to do with the location of reading these logscold and hot backups are physical backups (also called low-level backups), which involve the files that make up

4、 the database, but don't consider the logical contenthere are three backup methods and their features:(1) , export/import (export/import)export/import is used to move data from oracle into a database.export copies the data from the database into a binary system file called "export dump file

5、" and will regenerate the database into the fileit has three modes:user mode: exports data from all objects and objects in the objecttable mode: export all tables or specified tables for the userentire database: export all objects in the databasethere are three types of backup:complete export:

6、back up the entire databasecomulat ive erport: back up the data that was changed by the last cumulative backupincreamental export: back up the data that changed after the last backupthe command of export can be interactive, and the specific meanings of each parameter are detailed in the oracle exp/i

7、mp parameterwe should consider when to export the backup point problem, that is the consistency of the export in the process of export export every read a read a table, and although the export is at the beginning of a characteristic themselves, but a different table read time is different, therefore

8、, export to start reading a table, when the data in the table are exported data, so that when most of the table according to the internal and external keyword keyword connected, in the process of export of the associated table change the inconsistency will lead to export, to avoid this, we can arran

9、ge export process in the wrong operation. in addition, the restrictep consistency option in oracle guarantees the export data consistency2, the import import:the import process is the reverse process of the export, which reads the exported dump binaries from the export and runs the file to restore t

10、he object user and datathe import command execution method is related to the export plan.if the export type is completely implemented scheme (full) at the time of the import all of the data object, including table space, data files, the user will be created when import, but considering the physical

11、layout in the database, create table space and user is useful in advanceif export is using increment al/cumul at ive mode, you need to set up the table spaces, users, and data files in advance(2) cold backupscold backup occurs when the database is normally closed and provides us with a full database

12、 when normal shutdown occurs.every file used by the database is backed up, including:all data filesall control filesall online redo log filesinit < sid >.ora file (optional)note that the cold backup must be done when the database is turned off, and when the database is open, the database file

13、system backup is invalidthe general procedure for cold backup is:normally close the instance (instance) of the backupbackup the entire database to a directorystart the databasethe script is as follows:sqldba > connect internalsqldba > shutdown is normalsqldba >! cp<file>< backup di

14、rectory > or sqldba >! tarcvf/dev/rmt / 0 / wwwdg/oraclesqldba > startup(3) , a thermal backup (achirelog)the database needs to run 24 hours a day, and new data is added at any time, and data loss will affect the entire company, using archivelog mode physical backup.set the databaseto autom

15、atic archivelog mode,as follows:# su-oracle < br >% svrmgrl < br >svrmgrl> connectinternal < br >svrmgrl>startup the mount < br >svrmgrl> the alter database archivelog < br >svrmgrl> shutdown < br >svrmgrl> the exit < br >% vi init< sid>

16、 . ora < br >join log_archive_start = true # if you want automatic archiving < br >log_archive_dest 二 $oraclejiome/dbs/arch < br >log_archive_format = log % s. a rc < br >% dbstart < br >% ps - efgrep arch # tosee if there is an arch processoracle 1743 1,0 15:20:20? 0:0

17、0 ora_archorac1e7 # may beactual applicationdifferent depending on thenote: the oracle database is automatic in archivelog mode full offline - database backup, when the database after completion of the initial, the backup is the foundation of the backup in the future, it provides copies of all assoc

18、iated with the database.% dbshut% cp/oracle/oradata/oracle7 / system. dbf/oracle7 / oracle7 /rbs. dbf/ orac 1 e/oradata/orac 1 e7/temp dbf/oracle7 / oracle7 / toolsdbf/ orac1e/oradata/orac1e7 / users dbf/ orac1ec1e/app/orac1e/product / 7.3.2 / dbs/application. dbf / orac1e/app/orac1e/product / 7. 3.

19、 /dbs/apptmpsp. dbf/ orac1e/app/orac1e/product / 7.3.2 / dbs/apprlbksp. dbf/ orac1e/oradata/orac1e7 / redooracle log/ oracle/oradata/oracle7 / control11. ctl/orac1e/orac1e7 / control2. ctl/ oracle/oradata/oracle7 / control3.ctl < backup directory >% dbstartnote: the above * dbf file is the dat

20、a file, * log file is log file, *ctl file is the control file% the exit% tar uvf/dev/rmt / 0 < backup f訂es >note: for oracle 7.2, copy the corresponding data files, re log files, control filesdo partial online with archiving backups every day# su - oracle% svrmgrlsvrmgrl % > connect internalthe % svrmgrl > alter tablespace billsp begin backupalter tablespace billtmpsp begin backupthe % svrmgrl > alter tablespace billrbksp begin backupthe % svrmgrl > alter tablespace system begin backup% svrmgrl > alter tablespace rbs be