過去分詞短語作狀語

1、過去分詞短語作狀語非謂語動詞是英語語言所特有的語言現(xiàn)象。其中在學習分詞的過程中應該明確，在大多數(shù)情況下分詞只是從句的一種省略形式，目的在于使語言更為簡練，尤其在書面語中。所以無論是現(xiàn)在分詞、還是過去分詞都與從句的主動、被動、時態(tài)有著密切的關(guān)系。過去分詞短語在句中作狀語可表示原因、時間、讓步、條 件、方式或伴隨等。例如：by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents.受到鄰居們的表揚，他成為父母的驕傲。 （表示原因）2. Once seen, it can never be forgotten.一旦它被看見，人們就忘不了。 （表示時間）

2、from the top of the castle, the park looks very beautiful.（表示條件）從城堡頂端看，公園十分美麗told of the danger, he still risked his life to entered the cave.雖然被告之有危險，他仍然冒生命危險進山洞。 （表示讓步）with hopes and fears, he dived deep into the ocean.（表示伴隨）心中充滿了希望與恐懼，他跳進了深海里。在使用過去分詞作狀語時 , 為了體現(xiàn)上下兩部分 （ 句子層面 ） 的邏輯關(guān)系 , 句子中 常出現(xiàn)過去分詞和連

3、詞的連帶使用 ,比如例 2和例 4那樣的結(jié)構(gòu) . 通過眾多例句分 析 , 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)過去分詞作狀語以下幾種情形：一、句子的主語與作狀語用的過去分詞之間在邏輯上是被動的關(guān)系例： by the beauty of nature, the girl from London decided to spendanother two days on the farm .2004，遼寧）A. AttractingBAttracted C. To be attracted DHavingattracted分析：答案為B。句子的主語與作狀語用的過去分詞之間在邏輯上是被動的關(guān)系。 可以把狀語部分轉(zhuǎn)換為:(As th

4、e girl was ) attracted by the beauty of the nature,attracted 表示被動意義“被迷住，被吸引”。If they are applied in agriculture, the mach ines will save farmers much labor.=lf applied in agriculture, the machines will save farmers much labor.如果將這些機器用于農(nóng)業(yè)，就可以省去農(nóng)民很多勞動。注：連詞if，通常保留二、由一些含be動詞的短語或系表結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換來的。這時，句子的主語與作狀語用 的過

5、去分詞之間在邏輯上并沒有被動的關(guān)系。學過的能夠用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的常見短語有:be interested in ，be disappo in ted at/in/with ， be pleased with,be ast oni shed shocked at, be embarrassed about, be con fused puzzled about be frightened terrified of ， be scared horrified of， be experie need at be en gaged ir， be occupied with， be involved in，

6、be addicted to， be accustomed to, be adapted'adjusted to， be used to be related to be conn ected to with be lin ked to be associated with be concerned with，be armed withbe furni shed with be seated in be dressed (up) in be concerned about be based on be buried in， be bent on， be focused on， be c

7、oncen trated on, be prepared with ， be satisfied with be upset about be well-k nown asforto be desig ned for be meant'inten ded for be convin ced of be senten ced to be amazed' surprised at be disappo in ted with be lost inbe stuckcaught(up)trapped in be covered withbe filled withbe surround

8、ed withby，be faced (up)withbe equipped with，be determ ined to do sthbe devoted committed tobe located inbe charged withbe absorbed inbe attached tobe ashamed ofbe mistake n about be compared with例： in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor.(2005,湖南)A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dress i

9、ng D. Having dressed分析：答案為 A?？梢园褷钫Z部分轉(zhuǎn)換為：When ( he was ) dressed in a whiteuniform, 作狀語的過去分詞 dressed 來自于“ be dressed in ” 這個短語。be dressed in表穿著的狀態(tài)，如：She is dressed in a blue skirt.句子的主語he與作狀語用的過去分詞 dressed之間在邏輯上并沒有被動的關(guān)系。例: in the mountains for a week, the two stude nts were fin allysaved by the local

10、 police( 2005，江蘇)A. Having lost B. Lost C. Being lost D. Los ing分析：答案為 B?？梢园褷钫Z部分轉(zhuǎn)換為:(After the two students were) lostin the mountains for a week,. 作狀語的過去分詞 lost 來自于“ be lost in ”迷路，迷失。如： He was lost in the forest. 句子的主語 the two students 與 作狀語用的過去分詞lost之間在邏輯上并沒有被動的關(guān)系。三、分詞短語由“ while/when/unless/if/on

11、ce /though/although+過去分詞”構(gòu)成。它們都可以轉(zhuǎn)換成由 “while/when/unless/if/onee/though/although + 主語+謂語+過去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，這樣，整個句子就變成了狀語從句。句子的主語與作狀語用的過去分詞之間在邏輯上是被動的關(guān)系。近年來高考題單項填空題中多次考查了這種用法，值得我們復習時注意例：The research is so designed that oncenothing can be done to changeit. (2002, 廣東)A. beginsB. having begun C. beginningD. begun分

12、析：答案為 D?？梢园汛司滢D(zhuǎn)換為狀語從句：The research is so designed thatonce (it is )begun nothing can be done to change it.例： Unless to speak, you should remain silent at the conference. (2003,上海春招 )A. invitedB. invitingC. being invitedD. havinginvited分析：答案為 A。可以把狀語部分轉(zhuǎn)換為：Un less (you are) in vited to speak,例： General

13、ly speaking, a cco rd i n g to directions, the drug has noside-effect. (2003 上海)A. when takingB. when taken C. whento take D. whento be taken分析：答案為 B。同樣可以把狀語部分轉(zhuǎn)換為：whe n (the drug is )take naccording to directions, 你能給出下邊高考題的正確答案并說明理由嗎1. It shames me to say it, but I told a lie when at the meetingby

14、my boss.A. questioningB. having questioned C. questioned D. to bequestioned2. When first to the market, these products enjoyed great success.（2004, 全國 II）A. introducing B. introduced C. introduce D. being introduced help, one often says “ Thank you. ”or“It 's kind of you. ”(2005， 福建)Aoffering B

15、to offer Cto be offered D. offered4. When, the museum will he open to the public next year. (2002,上海春招 )A. completedB. completing C. being completed D. to be completed答案： 1. C (= when a lie is questioned)2. B (=When these products were introduced)3. D (=When one is offered to help)4. A (=When the mu

16、seum is completed) 四：分詞短語中的動詞的動作發(fā)出者不是后面句子的主語發(fā)出的，其邏輯主語同 句子的主語也不一致， “主語 +過去分詞短語” 即獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。作狀語用的分詞，其邏輯主語必須同句中主語為同一人或同一事，如以上所 舉的各例。但英語中有一種語法現(xiàn)象，那就是當分詞有它自己的獨立主語(不同 于句子主語的名詞或代詞)時，則是一種獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)形式，在句中作狀語等。 The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday.考試結(jié)束了，我們開始放假。(分

17、詞短語中的邏輯主語 the test 與句子中的主語 we 不一致，分詞短語中的動詞 finished 的動作發(fā)出者也不是后面句子的主語 we 發(fā) 出的) The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.= After the meeting was gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier. 會議結(jié)束后，每個人都想早點回家。 （分詞短語中的邏輯主語 the meeting 與句子 中的主語 everyone 不一致 , 分詞短語中的動詞 gone over 的動作發(fā)出者也不是后

18、面句子的主語 everyone 發(fā)出的）All things considered, I think we ought to take the adventure.= If all things are considered, I think we ought to take the adventure. 如果周到地考慮，我們應該去冒險。 （分詞短語中的邏輯主語 all things 與句子 中的主語 I 不一致 , 分詞短語中的動詞 considered 的動作發(fā)出者也不是后面句 子的主語 I 發(fā)出的） 過去分詞作狀語應注意的幾個問題：1 過去分詞作狀語， 說白了， 就是英語中各種狀語從句或

19、并列句的省略。 其前提條 件是主從句的主語必須保持一致。所以要做到熟練的相互轉(zhuǎn)化，并應用到寫作當 中去。Taught by the two gentlemen, Eliza made great progress.= As Elisa was taught by the two gentlemen, she made great progress.（When） asked about it, she said she knew nothing.當問起她這件事時，她說她不知道。=When she was asked about it, she said she knew nothing.Once educated to speak properly, she could pass herself off in three months as a duchess.= Once that girl was educated to speak properly, that girl could pass herself off in three months as a duchess.2. 注意過去分詞形式的獨立結(jié)構(gòu)的在句