初中數(shù)詞的用法

1、.初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法-數(shù)詞及練習(xí)一、內(nèi)容概述表示數(shù)目和順序的詞叫數(shù)詞。數(shù)詞可分為基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞兩類(lèi)二、重點(diǎn)知識(shí)歸納及講解(一）基數(shù)詞基數(shù)詞用來(lái)表示數(shù)目，或者說(shuō)表示數(shù)量的詞叫基數(shù)詞。最基本的基數(shù)詞如下表所示。1 one11 eleven100 a hundred2 two12 twelve20 twenty1000 a thousand3 three13 thirteen30 thirty1，000，000 a million4 four14 fourteen40 forty10，000，000 ten million5 five15 fifteen50 fifty100，000，000 a hund

2、red million6 six16 sixteen60 sixty1，000，000，000 a billion7 seven17 seventeen70 seventy8 eight18 eighteen80 eighty9 nine19 nineteen90 ninety10 ten說(shuō)明：11319是由個(gè)位數(shù)加后綴-teen構(gòu)成。注意其中13、15的拼寫(xiě)是thirteen和fifteen。22090由個(gè)位數(shù)加后綴-ty構(gòu)成，注意其中2050的拼寫(xiě)分別是twenty, thirty, forty 和fifty;80的拼寫(xiě)是eighty。3其它非整十的兩位數(shù)2199是由整十位數(shù)加連字符“-”

3、，再加個(gè)位數(shù)構(gòu)成。如： 81 eighty-one。4101999的基數(shù)詞先寫(xiě)百位數(shù)，后加and再寫(xiě)十位數(shù)和個(gè)位數(shù)。如： 691 six hundred and ninety-one。51000以上的基數(shù)詞先寫(xiě)千位數(shù)，后寫(xiě)百位數(shù)，再加and，最后寫(xiě)十位數(shù)和個(gè)位數(shù)。如：5893 five thousand eight hundred and ninety-three。在基數(shù)詞中只有表示“百”、“千”的單位詞，沒(méi)有單獨(dú)表示“萬(wàn)”、“億”的單位詞，而是用thousand（千）和million（百萬(wàn)）來(lái)表達(dá)，其換算關(guān)系為：1萬(wàn)=10 thousand;1億=100 million; 10億=a tho

4、usand million=a billion。7多位數(shù)的讀法：1）1000以上的多位數(shù)，要使用計(jì)數(shù)間隔或逗號(hào)“，”。即從個(gè)位起，每隔三位加一個(gè)間隔或逗號(hào)。第一個(gè)間隔或逗號(hào)前是thousand（千），第二個(gè)間隔或逗號(hào)前是million（百萬(wàn)），第三個(gè)間隔或逗號(hào)前是a thousand million或a billion(十億)。2）每隔三位分段以后就都成了101999。讀的時(shí)候十位數(shù)（或個(gè)位數(shù)）的前面一般要加and。如：888，000，000讀作：eight hundred and eighty-eight million。（二）、基數(shù)詞的用法1基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式表示大量的 的數(shù)目。在這種情況下

5、，表示單位的基數(shù)詞(hundred, thousand, million, billion)不能在詞尾加-s。例如： two hundred students 二百個(gè)學(xué)生 five thousand years 五千年2基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式表示大量的 的數(shù)目，在這種情況下，表示單位的基數(shù)詞詞尾加-s，要與of短語(yǔ)連用。3基數(shù)詞在句中的作用  基數(shù)詞的作用相當(dāng)于名詞和形容詞，它在句子中可充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。例如： Three and five is eight. 3+5=8         &

6、#160; 主語(yǔ)         表語(yǔ)How many oranges do you want?你要多少桔子？   I want eight. 我要八個(gè)。          There are eight boats in the lake. 湖里有八條小船。         賓語(yǔ)    

7、                               定語(yǔ) （三）序數(shù)詞         表示順序的詞，叫序數(shù)詞。序數(shù)詞用來(lái)表示數(shù)詞順序。除特殊情況外，序數(shù)詞一般都由相應(yīng)的基數(shù)詞加后綴-th構(gòu)成。請(qǐng)見(jiàn)下

8、表：第一到第十第十一到第十九第二十以上firsteleventhtwentiethsecondtwelfththirtieththirdthirteenthfortiethfourthfourteenthfiftiethfifthfifteenthsixtiethsixthsixteenthseventiethseventhseventeentheightietheightheighteenthninetiethninthnineteenthhundredthtenththousandth說(shuō)明：1英語(yǔ)中表示第一、第二、第三的序數(shù)詞屬特殊形式，要注意它們的拼寫(xiě)。2表示“幾十”的序數(shù)詞通常是將基數(shù)

9、詞詞尾y變成i再加上后綴-eth。3其余的二位數(shù)序數(shù)詞是以相應(yīng)的整十基數(shù)詞加個(gè)位序數(shù)詞。如：fifty-first（第五十一）。4少數(shù)序數(shù)詞拼法不規(guī)則，如：fifth（第五），eighth（第八），ninth（第九），twelfth（第十二）等。注意：1序數(shù)詞可縮寫(xiě)為阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字加序數(shù)詞最后兩個(gè)字母。例如： 第一：(the) first=1 st   第二：(the) second=2 nd    第三：(the) third=3 rd 第五(the) fifth=5th 第九十七：(the) ninety-seventh=9

10、7 th 第一百零一：(the) one hundred (and)first=101st2編了號(hào)的事物要用基數(shù)詞表示順序，但是基數(shù)詞要后置。例如：第一課：Lesson One       第三十二頁(yè)：Page 32第305房間：Room 305    第12路公共汽車(chē)：Bas No.12五、序數(shù)詞的用法序數(shù)詞和基數(shù)詞一樣，也能起名詞或形容詞作用，在句子中作主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。例如：The first is bigger than the second. 第一個(gè)比第二個(gè)大。Give me the fi

11、rst. 把第一個(gè)給我。  主語(yǔ)                                              

12、60;              賓語(yǔ)Give me the first. 把第一個(gè)給我。Shes often the first to go to school. 她經(jīng)常第一個(gè)去上學(xué)。           賓語(yǔ)              

13、                表語(yǔ)Were going to learn the eighth lesson. 我們將要學(xué)習(xí)第八課。                       定語(yǔ)六、年、月、日和時(shí)間的表達(dá)法1年份用基數(shù)詞表達(dá)

14、，分兩位一讀，年份前用介詞in。例如： 1999 nineteen ninety-nine        2000 two thousand        2001 two thousand and one2月份的第一個(gè)字母要大寫(xiě)，有些月份名稱(chēng)有縮寫(xiě)形式。例如： 一月January(Jan.), 二月February(Feb.), 三月March(Mar.), 四月（Apr.）,五月May, 六月June, 七月July, 八月August(Au

15、g.)，九月September(Sep.), 十月October(Oct.), 十一月November(Nov.), 十二月December(Dec.)。3日期的表達(dá)要用序數(shù)詞，讀時(shí)前面要加定冠詞the,介詞要使用on。例如： 在6月1日：on June 1 st 讀作：on June the first.年、月、日同時(shí)表達(dá)時(shí)，一般應(yīng)先寫(xiě)月、日、后寫(xiě)年。 例如：在2001年5月4日：on May 4 th, 2001。4年代用基數(shù)詞的復(fù)數(shù)表示。例如： 20世紀(jì)90年代：nineteen nineties        21世

16、紀(jì)20年代：twenty twenties5時(shí)間表達(dá)法：時(shí)間可用順讀法或倒讀法兩種方式表達(dá)。例如： 順讀法 倒讀法 5：00 five (oclock)                                  6：18 six eighteen ei

17、ghteen past six12：15 twelve fifteen fifteen (a quarter) past twelve         4：30 four thirty half past four5：50 five fifty ten to six                      

18、       6：45 six forty-five a quarter to seven注意：1）表示整點(diǎn)時(shí)間，直接用基數(shù)詞表達(dá)，后邊可接oclock (也可不加)。表達(dá)“幾點(diǎn)幾分”時(shí)，絕不能用oclock。2）表達(dá)“15分”或“45分”時(shí)，常用quarter（刻）。3）在倒讀法中，如果鐘點(diǎn)不過(guò)半，須用“分鐘數(shù)+past+鐘點(diǎn)數(shù)”的形式；如果鐘點(diǎn)過(guò)半，則用“差多少分鐘數(shù)+to+全鐘點(diǎn)（下個(gè)鐘點(diǎn)數(shù)）”的形式。例如：   8:20 twenty past eight    &#

19、160;      8:40 twenty to nine6分?jǐn)?shù)的表達(dá)法1）分子用基數(shù)詞，分母用序數(shù)詞。分子大于1時(shí)，分母用復(fù)數(shù)。2）小數(shù)的讀法：小數(shù)點(diǎn)前面的數(shù)按照基數(shù)詞的讀法，小數(shù)點(diǎn)后面的數(shù)按照數(shù)本身讀，小數(shù)點(diǎn)讀point。 例如： 0.38 zero point three eight         96.89 ninety-six point eight nine3)百分?jǐn)?shù)，在數(shù)詞后加percent。例如： 15%讀作：fifteen p

20、ercent           60%讀作：sixty percent7表示語(yǔ)數(shù)1）幾倍大?。ㄩL(zhǎng)短，數(shù)量）=幾倍（或分?jǐn)?shù)）+the size(length, amount)。例如： The earth is forty-nine times the size of the moon.   地球是月球的49倍。2）比幾倍=倍數(shù)（或分?jǐn)?shù)）+形容詞（副詞）比較級(jí)+than+被比部分。例如： His house is three times bigger than mine. &#

21、160;他的房子比我的房子大三倍。3）是倍=倍數(shù)（或分?jǐn)?shù)）+as +形容詞+as +被比部分。例如： This factory is four times as big as that one. 這個(gè)工廠是那個(gè)工廠的四倍。8表示約數(shù)1）“多于”用more than或over。例如： The street is over(more than) 500 metres long. 這條街有500多米長(zhǎng)。2）“小于”用less than。例如： Three are less than 30 people in the classroom. 教室里不到三十人。3）“或以上”用or more。例如： Th

22、e building can hold 5000 people or more. 那座建筑物可容納5000人或5000人以上。4）“或以下”用or less。例如： We can finish the work in two weeks or less. 我們可以在兩周內(nèi)或不到兩周完成這件工作。5）“大約”用about, around, nearly等。例如： The box weighs about 50 pounds. 這箱子重約50鎊。6）“左右”用or so.例如： In the past ten years or so, they have changed a lot. 在過(guò)去的十年

23、里，他們改變了許多。           數(shù)詞I. 寫(xiě)出下列基數(shù)詞相應(yīng)的序數(shù)詞：1. one _      2. two _         3. three _         4. five _5. eight _     6. nine _ &

24、#160;      7. twelve _        8. twenty _9. thirty-one _ 10. forty-four _ 11. fifty-seven _II. 把下列短語(yǔ)譯成英語(yǔ)：1. 第12課 _      2. 304號(hào)房間 _3. 半小時(shí) _       4. 每日三次 _5. 第25頁(yè) _   

25、60;   6. 20世紀(jì)90年代 _7. 4路公共汽車(chē) _     8. 第15中學(xué) _9. 21世紀(jì) _     10. 兩噸半 _11. 差一刻三點(diǎn) _    12. 第二冊(cè) _13. 在他五十幾歲時(shí) _  14. 二年級(jí)八班 _15. 10:45 _  16. 第十五單元 _17. 第三冊(cè)第十三課 _ 18. 三分之一 _19. 三百英鎊 _   20. 1994年3月22日 _III. 選擇填空：1. 33

26、3 reads _.A. three hundred and thirty three B. three hundreds and thirty-threeC. three hundred and thirty-three D. three hundred thirty-three2. The _ month of the year is February.A. one         B. first     C. two    &#

27、160;    D. second3. The beautiful skirts are on show in the shop, Jane likes _.A. the ninth     B. the nineth C. nine        D. ninth4. It took me _ to finish my homework.A. a half and two hour   B. two hour and a half &

28、#160;C. two and a half hour  D. two and a half hours5. December is the _ month of the year.A. twelve        B. twelveth     C. twelvieth      D. twelfth6. Tom bought _ for himself yesterday.A. two pairs of shoes

29、0;    B. two pair of shoe   C. two pair of shoes    D. two pairs shoes7. There are _ seconds in a minute.A. fourty       B. forty       C. sixteen     D. sixty8. Lin Tao gets up at

30、 _ in the morning.A. half past six     B. six past half    C. past half six    D. half six past9. December _ is Christmas.A. twenty-five    B. the twenty-fifth   C. the twentieth-five  D. twentieth-fifth10. There are _ s

31、tars in the universe.A. millions     B. million of      C. millions of    D. million11. Monday is the _ day of the week.A. two        B. second   C. three       

32、0;D. third12. Mr. Black left here _ ago.A. half a hour     B. half an hour    C. an half hour   D. a half hours13. There are _ students in their school.A. nine hundred     B. nine hundreds    C. nine hundred of  

33、60;D. nine hundreds of14. There are _ words in the text of the _ lesson.A. hundred of, Fifth    B. a hundred of, Fiveth   C. hundreds of, fifth    D. hundreds of, Fiveth15. We had learned about _ English words by the end of last term.A. nine hundreds and forty

34、-five      B. nine hundreds of and forty-five C. nine hundred and forty-five     D. nine hundred and fourty-fiveIV. 中考題集：1. About _ people are in the Peoples Park at weekends.     A. two hundreds    B. two hundreds

35、of     C. two hundred      D. hundred of2. The water behind the Three Gorges Dam (三峽大壩) should be _higher than downstream (下游).A. sixty-five meter      B. sixty-fifth meter     C. sixty-five meters   

36、   D. sixty-fifth meters3.In our school several _ students are able to search the Internet for useful information now.A. hundred of     B. hundreds for     C. hundred       D. hundreds4. I was 8 years old when my fa

37、ther was 31. this year my father is twice my age. How old am I?A. 21       B. 22       C. 23        D. 245. When was the PRC founded? It was founded on _.A. July 1, 1921   B. October 1, 1949 

38、0;C. August 1, 1927   D. May 1, 19226. Look at the menu:SNACKSHamburger $ 2.60 Orange juice $1.20     Hot dog $2.15 Coffee $1.00Ice cream $2.00 Coke regular $0.75         Popcorn $1.00 large $1.00Jeff wants to buy a hamburger, a l

39、arge coke and ice cream.How much will he pay?A. Five dollars and sixty cents.    B. Five dollars and thirty-five cents.C. Three dollars and sixty cents.   D. Two dollars.7. - How many workers are there in your factory? - There are two _.A. hundreds     &#

40、160;  B. hundred       C. hundred of      D. hundreds of8. The film star is going to spend _ dollars on a new dress for the coming party.A. three thousands     B. thousands of      C. thousa

41、nd of      D. three thousands of9. There are _ doctors and nurses working hard in that hospital.A. thousand        B. two thousand      C. two thousands      D. two thousands of10. - How man

42、y teachers are there in your school? - _, but Im not sure.A. Hundreds       B. Hundred        C. Hundreds of      D. One hundred11. I think _ lesson is the most difficult in this book.A. five    

43、    B. fifth         C. the fifth         D. fifteen12. _ travelers come to visit our city every year.A. Hundred of     B. Hundreds of      C. Five hundred

44、s      D. Hundred13. The Games of _ Olympiad in 2008 will be held in the city of Beijing.A. 29        B. the 29      C. 29th          D. the 29th14 Fan Zhiyis transfer to

45、 Dundee Football Club at the end of last year aroused _ Chinese peoples interest.     A. thousand of    B. thousand     C. thousands of     D. thousands15 About _ films were shown during the 5th Shanghai Intern

46、ational Film Festival.A. two hundred of     B. two hundreds of    C. two hundred      D. two hundreds16 - Do you have enough men to carry these chairs? - No. I think we need _ men.A. another       B. two others      C. more two