科技英語(yǔ)與英語(yǔ)科技論文寫作二黃彥邵講

1、123nFirst impressions are strong impressions; a title ought therefore to be well studied, and to give, so far as its limits permit, a definite and concise indication of what is to come.T. Clifford Allbutt先入為主。因此，論文的標(biāo)題應(yīng)最大限度地對(duì)文章先入為主。因此，論文的標(biāo)題應(yīng)最大限度地對(duì)文章內(nèi)容給出明確而簡(jiǎn)潔的指示。內(nèi)容給出明確而簡(jiǎn)潔的指示。4Importance of the TitlenP

2、erhaps few people, if any, will read the entire paper, but many people will read the title, either in the original journal or in one of the secondary (abstracting and indexing) publications. nThe indexing and abstracting services depend heavily on the accuracy of the title. An improperly titled pape

3、r may be virtually lost and never reach its intended audience.56Length of the Titlenlong titles are often less meaningful than short ones. ExamplenMost excessively long titles contain waste words. Often, these waste words appear right at the start of the title, words such as A study of, Studies on,

4、Investigations on, and Observations on. 78nAn opening A, An, or The is also a waste word. nExample 1 標(biāo)題可改為：標(biāo)題可改為：Selectivity in direct synthesis of H2O2 from H2 and O2: role of catalyst on reaction kineticsnExample 2 標(biāo)題可改為：標(biāo)題可改為：Novel preparation of thin dense Pd membrane on macroporous stainless st

5、eel tubular filternExample 3 標(biāo)題可改為：標(biāo)題可改為： Dehydrogenation of ethanol in a palladium membrane reactor910Need for specific titlesExample: Properties of ZSM-5 molecular sieve Catalytic properties of ZSM-5 molecular sieve Catalytic properties of ZSM-5 molecular sieve on cracking of cumene Deactivation o

6、f ZSM-5 molecular sieve on catalytic cracking of cumeneBad title:A study of the deactivation of the ZSM-5 molecular sieve on the catalytic cracking of the cumene11Exercise:pH值對(duì)沉淀法制備的碳酸鈣比表面的影響Effect of pH on specific surface area of calcium carbonate prepared by precipitation以多孔陶瓷為載體的鈀銀合金膜的制備和表征Prepa

7、ration and characterization of Pd-Ag alloy membranes supported on porous ceramics汽油成分的氣相色譜分析Gas-chromatography analysis on gasoline components12nTitle should not be a sentenceExample: “Oct-3 is a maternal factor required for the first mouse embryonic division” OCT-3是首次鼠胚胎分裂的母體因素(Cell 64:1103, 1991).

8、 1.The verb (is) is a waste word, in that it can be readily deleted without affecting comprehension. 2.Inclusion of the is results in a title that now seems to be a loud assertion. But, it happens1314Running titles頁(yè)頭標(biāo)題頁(yè)頭標(biāo)題nAs an aid to readers, running titles or running heads are printed at the top

9、of each page. nOften, the title of the journal or book is given at the top of left-facing pages and the article or chapter title is given at the top of right-facing pages. nUsually, a short version of the title is needed because of space limitations. n一般，頁(yè)頭標(biāo)題由期刊自定。一般，頁(yè)頭標(biāo)題由期刊自定。15Abbreviations in tit

10、le nTitles should not contain abbreviations, proprietary專有的 names, jargon, and the like. Example: The hydrogen-fueled internal combustion engine : a technical review不能寫成: “H2ICE：a technical review”.But, this kind of problem often happens1617How about chemical formula?n簡(jiǎn)單的化學(xué)式最好用英文表示，而稍復(fù)雜的化學(xué)簡(jiǎn)單的化學(xué)式最好用英

11、文表示，而稍復(fù)雜的化學(xué)式最好不譯。式最好不譯。 如如palladium, sodium, PdCl2, Na2MoO4, H3PW12O40. nH2O, Y-Ba-Cu-B-O等等。等等。n化學(xué)式往往更精確?；瘜W(xué)式往往更精確。 如如 “iron oxide” 是是FeO，F(xiàn)e2O3還是還是Fe3O4? “nitrogen oxide” 是是N2O, NO, N2O3, N2O4, NO2, N2O5中的哪一個(gè)？中的哪一個(gè)？Example181920nThe listing of authors should include those, and only those, who activel

12、y contributed to the overall design and execution完成 of the experiments. 但是，存在剝削現(xiàn)象。nThe authors should normally be listed in order of importance to the experiments.nThe first author is often the senior author, in case that two authors contributes equally, a footnote may be addressed. 鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生做第一作者，關(guān)鍵是要名實(shí)

13、相符。nVery often, the last author is the group leader. 21nCorresponding author Usually the supervisor or lab leader. nIf, before publication, the author has moved to a different address, the new address should be indicated in a Present Address footnote. n尊師。對(duì)學(xué)生來(lái)講，通常在準(zhǔn)備稿件時(shí)應(yīng)該將作者欄空白，由導(dǎo)師在定稿時(shí)將作者加上，以顯示對(duì)導(dǎo)師的尊

14、重。n愛生。反過(guò)來(lái)，導(dǎo)師也應(yīng)該根據(jù)貢獻(xiàn)的大小決定文章的署名，如學(xué)生是主要作者，應(yīng)讓學(xué)生作第一作者。2223nAn Abstract should be viewed as a mini-version of the paper. nThe Abstract should provide a brief summary of each of the main sections of the paper: Introduction, Experimental, Results and Discussion. nThe Abstract is often typed as a single para

15、graph, but there are exceptions: Example 1; Example 2. nThe Abstract should： (1) state the principal objectives and scope of the investigation, (2) describe the methods employed, (3) summarize the results, and (4) state the principal conclusions. 24nThe activities described in Abstract should be wri

16、tten in the past tense. But description of the facts should be written in present tense.nThe Abstract should never give any information or conclusion that is not stated in the paper. nReferences to the literature must not be cited in the Abstract (except in rare instances, such as modification of a

17、previously published method). nAbstract containing reference: Example 1; Example 2.25nUnless a long term is used several times within an Abstract, do not abbreviate the term. nWrite the paper before you write the abstract, if at all possible. nChemical formulas and abbreviations of well-known charac

18、terization techniques can be written in abstract.nThe Abstract is almost universally the first part of the manuscript read during the review process. Therefore, it must be written clearly and simply. 26nUsually, a good Abstract is followed by a good paper; a poor Abstract is a harbinger預(yù)兆 of woes to

19、 come. nWhen writing the Abstract, examine every word carefully. The use of abstruse難懂的, verbose 羅嗦的constructions is very likely to provoke a check in the reject box on the review form. nMany experienced writers prepare their title and Abstract after the paper is written.27nHow to list the keywords?

20、 Initial letter capitalized; Spacing out with semicolon.n Number of keywords.2829nAim: to supply sufficient background information to allow the reader to understand and evaluate the results of the present study without needing to refer to previous publications on the topic. nThe Introduction should

21、also provide the rationale基本原理 for the present study. nyou should state briefly and clearly your purpose in writing the paper. nChoose references carefully to provide the most important background information. 30http:/ n要寫好一個(gè)Introduction，最重要的是要保持鮮明的層次感和極強(qiáng)的邏輯性，這兩點(diǎn)是結(jié)合在一起的，即在符合邏輯性的基礎(chǔ)上建立的關(guān)系。31n首先闡述自己研究領(lǐng)域的基本內(nèi)容，要盡量簡(jiǎn)潔明