高一定語從句教案以及習(xí)題(附答案)

1、語法復(fù)習(xí)一：定語從句（一）定義1)在復(fù)合句中（一個句子的某一成分由句子承當），修飾某一名詞或代詞從句叫定語從句或形容詞從句；在句中起定語的作用.2)被定語從句修飾的詞叫做先行詞antecedent1) the man who lives next to us is a policeman.先行詞 關(guān)系代詞 定語從句2) you must do everything that i do.先行詞 關(guān)系代詞 定語從句(二)：關(guān)系代詞的作用; 1.連接主句和從句。2.代表被修飾的先行詞。3.在定語從句做一個句子成分。eg. this is the room which i lived in last

2、year.先行詞 關(guān)系代詞 定語從句(三)：定語從句中有 關(guān)系代詞 who, whom, whose, which, that, as.關(guān)系副詞 when, where, why 等引導(dǎo)定語從句。（四）：用關(guān)系代詞還是用關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系代詞起代詞的作用，關(guān)系副詞起副詞的作用，因此同樣的先行詞，選用什么樣的關(guān)系詞，要由它在定語從句中擔任的邏輯作用來決定。關(guān)系代詞詞行先行詞充當成分who人主、賓、表whom人賓that人&物主、賓、表which物主、賓、表as物主、賓whose=of whomof which人&物定語關(guān)系副詞when=atinonduring which時間狀wher

3、e=atinto which地點狀why=for which原因狀that 在口語中可以代替關(guān)系副詞以上三者狀 表語：是謂語的一部分，它位于系動詞如be之后，說明主語身份，特征，屬性或狀態(tài)。一般由名詞，代詞，形容詞，副詞，不定式，介詞短語等充當。在句中修飾名詞或代詞的成分叫定語。this is the place where we work.（vi.） (關(guān)系詞所做的成分關(guān)鍵是有從句中的動詞來決定的)this is the place which we visited. (vt. )做主語the trees which are on the school campus have lo

4、st their leaves.做賓語the student whom we saw just now is the best runner in our school.做表語jack is no longer the lazy boy that he used to be.做定語she has a brother whose name i cant remember.做狀語the school where he studied is in shenzhen.1. 在定語從句中，that和which用來指代物。eg：this is the story that /which we wrote

5、for our storytelling contest.2. 在定語從句中，who 用來指代人。eg：i am going to see a friend who has just come back from the uk.3. 當who在定語從句中做賓語時，可以用whom來取代，且whom比who更正式。eg：i dont know the name of the teacher who/whom i saw in the computer room the other day.4. 當關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中做賓語時，who，whom，which和that可以被省略。eg：he likes

6、 all the birthday presents(that/which)his friends gave him.5. whose用來表示所屬，它既可指人也可指物。eg：i sat next to a girl whose name was diane.the club whose members are music fans meet in the school garden every saturday afternoon.（5） ：限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別1二者差異比較限制定語從句緊跟先行詞，同先行詞之間一般不加逗號，僅修飾先行詞，可以由關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞或that來引導(dǎo)

7、。非限制性定語從句僅作補充或說明，用逗號與主句隔開，既可修飾先行詞，又可修飾整個主句，不可用that引導(dǎo)。  限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句從句與先行詞的關(guān)系從句是先行詞不可缺少的定語，如果省去，主句的意思就會不完整或不明確。從句只是對先行詞的附加說明，如果省去,主句的意思仍然清楚或完整標  點從句和主句之間不用逗號分開從句和主句之間通常用逗號分開關(guān)系代詞指人who (that) whom指物which (that)人和物whose關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語時可以省去指人who（作主語）whom（做賓語）指物which人和物的whose關(guān)系代詞一般不可省修飾從句只修飾

8、一個名詞或代詞可以修飾一個名詞或代詞也可修飾整個主句翻譯定語從句譯在被修飾詞的前面定語從句通常被譯成另一個獨立的句子限制性非限制性形式上無逗號有逗號內(nèi)容上先行詞不是唯一的先行詞是唯一的，定語從句可有可無。關(guān)系詞可用that ,why.作賓語可以省略不可用that ,why。關(guān)系詞一律不省。先行詞名詞或代詞名詞或代詞，也可以使整個句子漢語翻譯譯作定語譯成并列句  （六） 關(guān)系代詞that和which的區(qū)別<1> 只能用that的情況 (1) 如果先行詞是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little,

9、none ，few.等不定代詞，關(guān)系代詞一般只用that，不用which。例如：all the people that are present burst into tears.everything that we saw was interesting.im interested in everything that i dont know.all that is needed is a supply of oil.(2) 如果先等詞被 all ,little none any, only, few, much, no, some, very等詞修飾，關(guān)系代詞常用that,不用which.例

10、如：i read all the books that you gave to me. this is the only money that i have in my pocket.all the money that was collected was given to the hope project. (3) 如果先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級修飾或者先行詞是最高級時，關(guān)系代詞常用that,不用which。this is the first book that was written in english. this is the last factory that i visited.

11、this is the best film that i have ever seen.this is the funniest thing that i ever heard.(4) 如果先等詞被the only ,the very , the same ,the last修飾，關(guān)系代詞常用that,不用which.this is the only book that i really like.he was the only person in the office that was invited to the ball.(5) 先行詞有兩個，一個指人，一個指物，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用that。

12、而不用who, which.例如： the boy and the dog that are in the picture are very lovely. he talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.(6)who ,which開頭的特殊疑問句中，關(guān)系代詞用that.who is the person that is standing there?which of us that knows english doesnt know this?which of the novel do you like best?(8

13、) 先行詞是奇數(shù)詞或是序數(shù)詞時，關(guān)系代詞用that .yesterday i caught two fish. now you can see the two that are still alive in the basin of water. (9) 當主句 “ there be “開頭時，關(guān)系代詞要用that 引導(dǎo)的定語從句修飾該句型的主語。there are four desks in the middle of the office that are used for the teachers.當先行詞是 way、moment、time等時用that，且常省略。who做先行詞時，引導(dǎo)

14、定語從句用that;<2>只能用which的情況 1) 非限制性定語從句中，不能用關(guān)系代詞that,作賓語用的關(guān)系代詞也不能省略。如：there are about seven million people taking part in the election, most of whom、are well educated.bei jing , which is chinas capital, is rich in culture.2)those/that +名詞后的定語從句用which引導(dǎo)。不能用關(guān)系代詞that。that pen which he took is mine.a

15、 shop should keep those goods which sells well.3) 介詞后只用which this is the room in which he lived. i dont know the man to whom you talked. the chair on which he is sitting is made of wood.(4) which還有一種特殊用法，它可以引導(dǎo)從句修飾前面的整個主句，代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念。在這種從句中，which可以作主語，也可以作賓語或表語， 不用that.例如：he succeeded in the co

16、mpetition, which made his parents very happy.(5)先行詞是that時，關(guān)系代詞要用which.whats that which flashed in the sky just now?(6) 關(guān)系代詞后面有插入語時，益用關(guān)系代詞 which.here is the english grammar book which, as i have told you, will help to improve your english.<3>只用who, whom.而不用that的情況 (1) 如果先行詞是anyone, anybody, eve

17、ryone, everybody, someone, somebody, those, ones等時，關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)該用 who 或whom，不用 which .that。例如：is there anyone here who will go with you?people all like those who have good manners.（2） 當先行詞是指人的集合名詞時，如果作這個名詞著眼于集體的整體，關(guān)系代詞用which;若是指集體中的各個成員，則用who。 mr. smith came to visit my family, who were watching tv then. o

18、ur class, which is a very good one, was praised again at the meeting. (5) 當先行詞是一個限定性的表示人的特定名詞時，常用who the aunt/uncle who came to see us last week is my brothers sister.補充 當先行詞為 by the time ,any time , the way, every time, the first time ,the last time 時，關(guān)系詞不用when而用that.或省略this is the last time that i

19、 shall give you a lesson.the first time i saw him was in 1980by the time he was 14 he had learned advanced mathematics但如果time前無修飾語,關(guān)系詞用that when 均可3. 當先行詞為way 時，關(guān)系詞用in which ,that, 或省略.this is the way that/ in which / 不加 he smiles.one of the 與the one of the 做先行詞時謂語不一致。li bai is one of the greatest p

20、oets that have lived in china.li bai is the one of the greatest poets that has lived in china.（九）as 與which 是有區(qū)別的a) 相同之處： 都可以用來引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，指代前面的主句所表達的內(nèi)容。which 可做賓語或表語he failed once more in the match, which was a great pity.he succeeded in the composition, which made his parents very happy.b) 區(qū)別：1）as引導(dǎo)

21、的非限制性定語從句位置較靈活，可以位于主句前面中間或后面，一般用逗號與主句隔開，但which所引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后。例如：1) as we all know, galileos theory of falling objects is right.= galileos theory of falling objects, as we all know, is right= galileos theory of falling objects is right, as we all know.2) as is expected, the england team won the

22、 football match.3) the earth runs around the sun, as is known by everyone.4) he was late again, which made me unhappy2.） as有“如” 、“正如”、“像”、“正像”的含義，which 沒有。后面的謂語動詞多是see, know, expect, say, mention, report等。our team won the game, which made us happy.as is known to all, taiwan is part of china.3.) as 在

23、引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句多與such 或the same連用，可以代替先行詞是人或物的名詞。the sameas such.asthis is the same story as he told me.i hope to get such a book as he is using4).as 也可單獨使用，引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，作用相當于which。可代表一個句子。例如：the elephants nose is like a snake, as anybody can see.5).as做主語時， 其后必跟系動詞，而which 無此限制the meeting was put off, as was

24、 what we wanted.he was murdered, as seemed true.補充 put away v.放好,整理好 ，拋棄 put on v穿上  put up v.舉起，進行, 提供,表現(xiàn)出, 建造, 提名, 推舉put off v.推遲, 拖延, 脫掉 put into v.使進入, 把.翻譯成put down v.放下, 拒絕, 記下,&#

25、160;制止put out v.放出, 生產(chǎn), 消除, 打擾 put in 插話系動詞1）狀態(tài)系動詞be2）持續(xù)系動詞keep, rest, remain, stay, lie, stand, 3）表像系動詞seem, appear, look, 4）感官系動詞feel, smell, sound, taste, 5）變化系動詞become, grow, turn, 

26、fall, get, go, come, run. 6）終止系動詞prove, turn out6）the same as 與the same .that 的區(qū)別： 前者修飾的是原物同樣的而后者修飾的就是先行詞 this is the same watch as i lost.這和我丟的那一只手表是一樣的。this is the same watch that i lost.著就是我丟的那一只手表。 1. nearly all the streets are in straight lines, _ from east to

27、 west. those _ run from north to south are called avenues.a. running; that b. run; who c. running; who d. run; that2. this is the case _ hes had all his money stolen.a. when b. where c. that d. on which3. mr. smith will pay a visit to beijing this autumn, _ we will enjoy the olympic games in 2008. a

28、. where b. when c. which d. how4. the artist will not paint people or animals but he will paint anything _ .a. that the little girl asks him b. the little girl asks him toc. for the little girl to ask him d. what the little girl asks him5. how did you get in touch with the travel agent, robin?oh, th

29、ats easy. i surfed the internet and then called one _ the telephone number is provided.a. which b. in which c. of which d. whose6. october 15 th is my birthday, _ i will never forget.a. when b. that c. what d. which7. the treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point _ he can walk corr

30、ectly and safely.a. when b. where c. which d. whose8. there are several research centers in china _ a certain disease called bird flu is being studied.a. which b. where c. when d. what9. i hope that the little _ i have been able to do does good to them all.a. which b. what c. that d. when10. the tim

31、e is not far away _ modern communications will becomewidespread in chinas vast countryside.a. as b. when c. until d. before11. _ is known to everybody, taiwan is a part of china. we must unify it.a. it b. as c. which d. what12. i shall never forget the day _ shen zhou v was launched, _ has a great e

32、ffect on my life.a. when, which b. that, which c. which, that d. when, that13. the bread my wife makes is much better than _ you can buy at a store.a. that which b. one that c. that of which d. this of which14. there is no such place _ you dream of in all this world.a. that b. what c. which d. as15.

33、 the people, _ had been damaged by the flood, were given help by the red cross.a. all whose homes b. all of whose homesc. all their homes d. all of their homes16. the humans are destroying nature day by day, _ of course, will cause severe punishment from it sooner or later. a. who b. when c. on whic

34、h d. which17. is this research center _ you visited the modern equipment last year?a. where b. that c. the one that d. the one where18. some pictures of the river brought the days back to the old _ they swam in it.a. when b. that c. who d. where19. the man showed us so heavy a stone _ no man can lif

35、t.a. that b. as c. which d. and20. he stayed there for quite a long time, during _ time he learned much spoken english. a. that b. this c. which d. same21. he bought the car for more than $20, 000, _ his father was angry.a. about that b. with as c. when d. with which22.i have two grammars, _are of g

36、reat use. a. all of which b. either of which c. both of that d. both of which 23. last summer we visited the west lake, _hangzhou is famous in the world. a. for which b. for that c. in which d. what 24.i shall never forget those years _ i lived on the farm with the farmers, _ has a great effect on m

37、y life. a. when; who b. that; which c. which; that d. when; which,25. this machine, _for many years, is still working perfectly. a. after which i have looked b. which i have looked after c. that i have looked after d. i have looked after 26.the reason _he didn't come was _he was ill. a. why; tha

38、t b.that;why c. for that;that d.for which;what答案與解析：1. a. 主語與run(延伸)是主動關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞。those指街道，所以不用who而用that來引導(dǎo)定語從句。2. b. 因為在此題中where引導(dǎo)定語從句，表示“在這種種況下”，與in which相當。3. a. 因為先行詞是beijing而不是this autumn所以用where引導(dǎo)定語從句。4. b. 答案b是省略了關(guān)系代詞that的定語從句，另外，to后還省略了動詞原形paint。5. c. 因為of which引導(dǎo)定語從句，并在從句中作定語。of which the t

39、elephone number = whosetelephone number。6. d. 因為這是個非限制性定語從句，先行詞是前面一句話的內(nèi)容。7. b. 因為表示“階段、程度、地步”的the point在定語從句中作地點狀語，所以用where引導(dǎo)定語從句。8. b. 因為先行詞是research centers并在定語從句中作狀語，所以用where。9. c. 因為當先行詞是表示事物的all, little, few, much, anything, everything, nothing等時，多用that引導(dǎo)定語從句。10. 因為先行詞是the time，且在定語從句中作狀語，所以用when引導(dǎo)。此題的先行詞與定語從句被主句謂語分開了，要善于辨別。11. b. 先行詞是taiwan is a par