考研翻譯(英語二)

1、考研翻譯考研翻譯( (英語二英語二) )文都教育 李群LOGO一.翻譯簡介數(shù)據(jù)：7-8 15 20-25形式：英譯漢Q1: 英語一和英語二的區(qū)別？Q2: 為什么不考漢譯英？漢譯英的難點 詞匯四六級漢譯英：瑰寶、皓月、辟邪瑰寶：treasure皓月：bright moon辟邪：avoid evil spirits 英譯漢難點(1)詞匯詞匯a.絕對生詞：millennium; anthropology; astrophysicsb.相對生詞：set; beef; duck; cause; school; moonlight c.專業(yè)術(shù)語：black hole; mad cow disease; s

2、wine flu(2)語法結(jié)構(gòu)語法結(jié)構(gòu)：劃分成分：主謂賓，定狀補(bǔ)(3)語言表達(dá)語言表達(dá)a.通順無語病b.無扭曲原文He is a birdman.Check out that hot chick.She is no more a spring chicken.He is the last man that I want to see. c.符合表達(dá)習(xí)慣My mother always plans ahead. Work hard and make progress everyday.A leopard will not easily change its spots.Time has prov

3、ed that his theory can not hold water.二.評分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)1.每句三到四個意群，每個意群0.5分2.每個意群有一個嚴(yán)重錯誤，則該意群不得分何為嚴(yán)重錯誤？(1)誤譯誤譯blue movie 色情電影talk horse 吹牛 = talk big; boast; brag Cast pearls before pigs. 對牛彈琴(2)漏譯漏譯the growing incidence of child abuse and child neglect誤：與日俱增的虐待兒童和忽略兒童正：與日俱增的虐待兒童和忽略兒童事件(3)過譯過譯Everybody rises. I

4、f you have something to say, then say; if not, then go. 3.一般錯別字不扣分，嚴(yán)重錯別字三個則該意群不得分一般錯別字：作為 做為嚴(yán)重錯別字：由于 魷魚 鑒于 箭魚 昌盛 娼盛三.解題步驟1.拆分：劃分意群，逐個翻譯2.組合：組合成句，注意位置例例1：2014翻譯真題翻譯真題Most people would define optimism / as being endlesslyhappy, / with a glass thats perpetually half full. 四.意群劃分1.連詞連詞 (1)并列句連詞：and, but

5、, yet .(2)狀語從句連詞：before, after, although .2.關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞(1)關(guān)系代詞：which, that, as .(2)關(guān)系副詞：when, where, why .3.介詞介詞：in, on, at, from, to, of, with .4.分詞分詞：v-ing; v-ed5.不定式不定式6.標(biāo)點符號標(biāo)點符號例例2：2013年真題年真題I can pick a date from the past 53 years / and know instantly where I was, / what happened in the news / and e

6、ven the day of the week. 五.翻譯技巧(一)詞法翻譯1.專有名詞的翻譯第一種方法：音譯 (1)人名：John 約翰 Nancy 南希 (2)名人Plato 柏拉圖 Socrates 蘇格拉底 Aristotle 亞里士多德 Shakespeare 莎士比亞 Bacon 培根 Darwin 達(dá)爾文 Darwinism 達(dá)爾文主義；達(dá)爾文學(xué)說第二種方法：照抄例例3：2014年真題年真題“Healthy optimism means being in touch with reality,” says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor.

7、2.多義詞的翻譯 根據(jù)中文搭配習(xí)慣翻譯delicate a.纖弱的；細(xì)致的；精美的；微妙的；可口的delicate girl 柔弱的女子delicate skin 嬌嫩/細(xì)膩的皮膚delicate relationship 微妙的關(guān)系aggressive a.侵略性的；好斗的；有進(jìn)取心的；有闖勁的aggressive diplomatic policy 侵略性的外交政策aggressive young man 有闖勁的年輕人aggressive salesman 殷勤的推銷員3.生詞的翻譯 第一種方法：猜測duty and entitlement 權(quán)利與義務(wù)Most people would

8、define optimism as being endlessly happy,with a glass thats perpetually half full.第二種方法：融合a unique and distinctly important social science 一門獨特且極其/非常重要的社會科學(xué)第三種方法：省譯a unique and distinctly important social science 一門獨特且重要的社會科學(xué)(二)句法翻譯1.定語的翻譯什么是定語？修飾名詞的成分叫做定語。定語的翻譯方法：譯成“.的+名詞”（“的”經(jīng)常省略）(1)前置定語的翻譯前置定語的形式

9、：adj. + n. an available boy 一個單身男孩(2)后置定語的翻譯a.名詞 + 形容詞the only man alive 唯一幸存的人b.名詞 + 介詞短語man of promising future 前程似錦的人c.名詞 + 非謂語（注意：中文多主動，英文多被動）the information used 所使用的信息the meeting being held 正在召開的會議the regulation needed to be observed 需要遵守的法規(guī)d.名詞 + 反義形容詞men tall and short 高矮不一的人 cultures past a

10、nd present 過去和現(xiàn)在的文化e. 名詞 + 形容詞短語a bus full of men of women 塞滿男男女女的公車(3)多重后置定語的翻譯翻譯技巧：“本末倒置”the insights of great men of genius 天才偉人的真知灼見part of an exchange of duties and entitlements 義務(wù)與權(quán)利相交換的部分2.定語從句的翻譯翻譯技巧一：合二為一翻譯技巧一：合二為一 .reporters who differ broadly by outlook, values, education, and class.世界觀、價

11、值觀、教育背景和社會階級大相徑庭的記者的記者翻譯技巧二：一分為二翻譯技巧二：一分為二We dont like the boy, who is too arrogant. 我們不喜歡那個男孩，他太過于傲慢。例例4：2014年真題年真題But thats exactly the kind of false cheerfulness / that positivepsychologists wouldnt recommend.例例5：2014年真題年真題 According to Ben-Shahar, realistic optimists are those who make the best

12、of things that happen, but not those who believeeverything happens for the best.例例6：2014年真題年真題Finally, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the grand scheme of life, one lecture really doesnt matter.例例7：2013年真題年真題I never feel overwhelmed with the amount of information my brain

13、absorbs. 3. 狀語的翻譯狀語的定義：修飾動詞/句子的成分。狀語的形式：(1)介詞短語 (2)非謂語狀語的位置：句首、句末、謂語動詞前The environmentalists advocate protecting the environment invarious ways.譯文：環(huán)保主義者通過各種方式倡導(dǎo)環(huán)境保護(hù)。4.狀語從句的翻譯例例8：2014年真題年真題When he feels down - say, after giving a bad lecture - he grants himself permission to be human.5.名詞性從句的翻譯(1)主語、賓語、表語從句的翻譯：順其自然例例9：2014年真題年真題He analyzes the weak lecture, learning lessons for the future about what works and what doesnt. 例例10：2014年真題年真題He reminds himself that not every lecture can be a Nobel winner, some will be less effective than others. (2)同位語從句的翻譯第一種方式：顛倒順序：譯成“.的+先行詞”第二種方式：補(bǔ)充說