高考復(fù)習(xí)高中英語五大基本句型

1、2016 年高考復(fù)習(xí)高中英語五大基本句型英語簡單句的五大基本句型了解英語簡單句的五大基本句型。能夠準確判斷出簡單句的句型。通過練習(xí)熟悉五大句型。句子結(jié)構(gòu)分類簡單句（ simple sentences）包含一套主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子包含兩個或兩個以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的并列句（ compound sentences）句子且句子之間有并列連詞and/but 等或用分號連接復(fù)合句（ complex sentences）包含一個主句和一個從句或一個主句和多個從句的句子，且從句用從屬連詞引導(dǎo)學(xué)習(xí)目標自學(xué)指導(dǎo)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分類簡單句的基本句型（basic sentence patterns）英語句子有長有短，有簡有繁，從現(xiàn)象看，

2、似乎千變?nèi)f化，難以捉摸，但從實質(zhì)看，可以發(fā)現(xiàn)其內(nèi)在聯(lián)系， 找出其共同規(guī)律。 英語句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五中基本句型。掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。1. 主謂句型（主語+ 不及物動詞） s + vi.1.1 great changes have taken place.1.2 we all breathe, eat and drink.1.3 the blind study in special schools.1.4 fighting broke out between the south and north.1.5 to tell the truth always pa

3、ys.1.6 what he said doesnt matter.以上例句中的斜體部分是句子的_語。主語是一個句子的主題， 是句子所述說的主體。它的位置一般在一句之首。可用作主語的有_, _, _, _,_等等。謂語動詞說明主語的動作和狀態(tài)。以上例句中，我們不難看出，句子的謂語動詞是不及物動詞，這些不及物動詞可以是單個動詞也可以是短語，由此，可以歸納出這些例句都屬于 _ 句型。此句型的特點是謂語動詞是不及物動詞，本身能表達完整的意思，后面不需要跟賓語，但有時可跟副詞、介詞短語等做狀語。如：he laughted.john has read widely.he lives in london.

4、【練一練】找出下列句子的主語并注意謂語動詞。1）two days passed.2）the war ended peacefully.03）the girl came in quietly.4）5）6）7）the group of children went there on foot.it is blowing.everybody is now studying hard.the story spread all over the town.8）the book sells well.9）we live to devote.10） the sun has risen.2. 主謂賓句型（主語+

5、 及物動詞+ 賓語） s + vt. + o2.1 i like china.2.2 he hates you.2.3 -how many do you need?-i need two.2.4 we should help the old and the poor.2.5 i like working with you .2.6 i hope to see you again.2.7 did you write downwhat he said?2.8 im looking forward tohearing from you .2.9 it took me a while to adapt

6、 to the job.2.10 he looks after his little daughter on sundays分析以上例句，可以看出斜體部分是句子的_語。 句子的賓語可以由 _, _,_, _, _, _ 等充當(dāng)，它表示及物動詞或及物動詞短語的對象或內(nèi)容。 或者用于介詞后構(gòu)成介詞短語。 句子的謂語動詞可以是單個的動詞也可以是短語，如例句中的 look forward to, look after等。這類句型即 _句型。此句型的特點是謂語動詞是及物動詞，不能表達完整的意思，必須跟有一個賓語。如：our team beat all the others.【練一練】翻譯下列句子，并指出

7、句子的主干（主謂賓）1）i ride a bike to school.2）youd better follow my advice.3）do you mind my smoking.4）you should practice writing more.5）the room needs painting.6）do remember to lock the door.3. 主系表句型（主語+ 系動詞 + 表語） s + link.v + p3.1 he is a teacher.3.2 the best composition is hers.3.3 five and five is ten.3

8、.4 he is asleep .3.5 his father is thin.3.6 the picture is on the wall.3.7 my watch is gone/lost/missing.13.8 to see is to believe.3.9 the question is whether they will come.以上例句中的斜體部分是句子的_語。表語說明主語的性質(zhì)，狀態(tài)，特征或身份。通常由 _, _, _, _, _, _等充當(dāng)。以上句型屬于_句型。此句型的特點是謂語動詞是連系動詞，不能表達完整的意思，必須加上一個表明主語特征、身份、狀態(tài)的表語。本句型中，系動

9、詞除了be 以外，還可以是：1). several players lay flat on the playground.2). we should remain modest any time.3). the picture looks more beautiful at a certain distance.4). it is getting warmer and warmer.5). dont have the food. it has gone bad.6) the facts prove true.7). the rose smells sweet.以上系動詞可以分類為： 感覺（fe

10、el, look, smell, taste, sound）; 仍然（remain, continue,stay, keep）; 變成（ become, come, go, get, turn, grow）; 似乎（ seem; appear）;證明是（prove, turn out ）【練一練】在空白處填上合適的系動詞使句意完整。1）failure _the mother of success. 失敗乃成功之母。2）the flower _ pleasant. 這花聞起來很香。3）i dont _well today. 今天我感覺不舒服。4）getting up early _ good t

11、o one s health. 早起對健康有益。5）i _ angry about it.我對此十分生氣。6）_ careful of your health.小心你的健康。7）mr. black s face slowly _ red. 布萊克的臉慢慢變紅了。8）the plan _ very practical.這個計劃聽起來很實際。9）his experiment _ to be successful。 他的實驗證明是成功的。4. 主謂雙賓句型（主語+ 及物動詞+ 間接賓語+ 直接賓語）s + vt. + oi + od4.1 she ordered herself a new dres

12、s.4.2 she cookedher husband a delicious meal.4.3 he brought you a dictionary.4.4 he denies her nothing.4.5 i showed him my picture.4.6 i gave my car a wash.4.7 i told him the bus was late.4.8 he showed me how to run the machine.仔細觀察以上例句，可以看出，斜體部分是句子的賓語，下劃線部分也是句子的_語，也就是一個句子中有兩個_語。不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，斜體部分為“人或者物” ，稱為

13、間接賓語；下劃線部分為“物或者事” ，稱為直接賓語。這類句型叫做_句型。此句型的特點是謂語動詞是及物動詞，后面跟有兩個賓語，這兩個賓語都是動作2的對象或承受者，其中指人的是間接賓語，指物的是直接賓語。當(dāng)間接賓語放在直接賓語之后時，通常需要介詞for 或 to?？筛p賓語的動詞有： answer, bring,buy, find, get, give, lend, make, pass, pay, send, show, sing, take, teach, tell, write等。如：mr. li told us an interesting story.would you please g

14、ive this dictionary to li hua.?she ordered a new dress for herself.i showed my picture to him.【練一練】改寫句子，不改變句意。1）he gave me a red rose. = _.2）she made me a beautiful dress. = _.3）4）5）6）he brings cookies to me every day. = _.my father bought my sister a personal computer. = _.he never lends his car to

15、 others. = _.show me your license. = _.7）can you spare the children some minutes? = _.8）the police offer 3 meals a day to the prisoners. = _.5. 主謂賓補句型（主語+ 及物動詞+ 賓語 + 賓語補足語）s + vt. + o + c5.1 they named the child jim.5.2 he boiled the egg hard.5.3 he painted the door green.5.4 i found the book very i

16、nteresting.5.5 we saw him out.5.6 the comrades wanted dr. bethune to take over.5.7 i call this robbing peter to pay paul.我把這個叫做拆東墻補西墻。分析以上句子， 可以看出，動詞雖然是及物動詞，但是只跟一個賓語還不能表達完整的意思， 必須加上一個補充成分來補足賓語才能使意思完整，這個補充成分叫做 _語。(斜體部分即賓語的補足語)，可以用作賓語補足語的有_, _, _,_, _ 等。這個句型稱作 _ 句型。此句型的特點是謂語動詞后雖然跟有一個賓語，但意思還不完整，必須加上另外一

17、個成分（賓語補足語）對賓語進行補充說明。常用于這個句型的動詞有：1）感官動詞： see, notice, observe, watch, hear, listen to, feel, find, smell2）使役動詞： have, let, make, get3）表示心理狀態(tài)的動詞： consider, think, believe, find, imagine, suppose, prove4）表示情感狀態(tài)的動詞： love, prefer, hate, want, wish, expect5) 動詞 keep/leave使/讓保持某種狀態(tài)we must keep our school c

18、lean.they made him their monitor.6. 復(fù)雜句式都是由這五種基本句型拓展而成。如果在名詞或代詞前或后面加上詞，短語或者句子來修飾，那么這些修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞，詞組或句子就是定語。如：36.1 he is a chemistry teacher.6.2 we belong to the third world.6.3 he was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.6.4 the woman with a baby in her arms is my sister.6.5 the boys playing foot

19、ball are in class 2.6.6 you should do everything that i do.6.7 i have an idea to do it well.通過以上例句可以看出，用作定語的可以是名詞，代詞，數(shù)詞，形容詞，介詞短語，動名詞，分詞，不定式或從句。7. 在英語中，修飾動詞，形容詞，副詞以及全句的成分叫狀語。如：7.1 the girl is improving remarkably.7.2 he ran for shelter.7.3 because he was ill, tom lost his job.可以用作狀語的有副詞，分詞，不定式，介詞短語或從

20、句。句子成分詳解一覽表及巧記口訣句子成分意義及位置充當(dāng)詞類例句we study in no.表示句子說的名詞、代主語thesubject是“什么人”詞、數(shù)詞、 17 middle school.或“什么事”。 不定式、動 jim is an通常在句子前名詞、短語 american boy.部?；蚓渥印wo heads arebetter than one.說明主語“做由動詞或time tries allthing.( 時間檢驗一切）lucy is dancingunder the tree.her parents are4謂語什么” “是什theatepredic樣” 。通常在主語后（除疑問

21、、倒裝句外）。動詞詞組么”或“怎么充當(dāng)。both workers.表示動作、行賓語theobject為的對象。在及物動詞或介詞后。love me, love mydog. (愛屋及烏）同主語的these girls like充當(dāng)詞類english.did you see himyesterday?與系動詞連表語thepredicate用，一起構(gòu)成謂語部分、說明主語的性質(zhì)、特征。常在系動詞之后。同主語的充當(dāng)詞類his father is a busdriver.my car is white.we were at schoolyesterday.health is wealth.(健康就是財富。

22、）用來修飾名詞形、 代、 數(shù)、 the red one is或代詞。單個名、 介詞短mine.定語詞常在修飾的語或相當(dāng)thete詞前，短語或于形容詞的詞之后。語。attribu句子在被修飾的詞或短what is hisname?a friend in need isa friend indeed.(患難見真情。 ）5修飾動詞、形通常由副狀語theattribute表示動作發(fā)生語或相當(dāng)?shù)臅r間、地點、于副詞的目的、方式等。詞或短語our teachershe often helpsmike.they had ashanghai.容詞、副詞，詞、 介詞短works very hard.位置較靈活。來

23、表示。meeting in由形容詞、 we named theshe made theroom clean.賓語補賓語的補足the足語語，邏輯上與名詞、介詞 baby lily.賓語是“主謂”短語等充object關(guān)系。在賓語當(dāng)。compl后。ement同位語theappostive重復(fù)指代并進名詞、名詞 they all work一步說明名詞性短語、從 hard.及名詞性詞語。在被修飾詞后。句等。john, a friend ofhers, has gone.主語謂語是基礎(chǔ)，賓表定狀補輔助。賓主來自名代數(shù)，動詞作謂不可無。分析下列句子屬于基本句型的哪一種？1. our school is no

24、t far from my home.6自主檢測2. it is a great pleasure to talk with you.3.4.5.6.all o us considered him honest.my grandfather brought me a pair of sports shoes.he broke a piece of glass.he made it clear that he would leave the city.7. i love you more than her, child.8. trees turn green when spring comes9

25、. grandma told me an interesting story last night.10. they pushed the door open.11. he wrote carefully some letters to his friends.12. all the students think highly of this teaching.13. we need a place twice larger than this one.14. he asked us to sing an english song.15. don t get nervous.16. we wi

26、ll make our school more beautiful.17. he didn t come. that is why he didn t know.18. she showed us her many of her pictures.19. the old man lives a lonely life.20. luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town.當(dāng)堂訓(xùn)練指出下面句子分別屬于哪個句型i will spend this summer holiday in the countryside.

27、in the modern city, there aresome problems, such as air pollution, crowdness and noise.in the countryside i can enjoy acomfortable and quiet life.there, the air is fresh and the water is clean.i can hear birdssinging in the green trees.i can also go boating, fishing, and swimming in the lake.allthis will be interesting and good for my health. so i want to go to the countryside for achange.1. ( s + v ) _2. ( s + v +o ) _3. ( s + v + c ) _4. ( s + v + io + do ) _5. ( s + v + o + c ) _6. there be 句