第1章_統(tǒng)計(jì)能為你做些什么？

1、應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 1 1 1201220122012年年年9 9 9月月月應(yīng)用應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)統(tǒng)計(jì)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Stat

2、isticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 2 2 2201220122012年年年9 9 9月月月應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 3 3 3201220122012年年年9 9 9月月月應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied St

3、atisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 4 4 4201220122012年年年9 9 9月月月應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 5 5 5201220122012年年年9 9 9月月月St

4、atisticsStatistics201220122012年年年9 9 9月月月應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 7 7 7201220122012年年年9 9 9月月月應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statist

5、icsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 8 8 8201220122012年年年9 9 9月月月應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 9 9 9201220122012年年年9 9 9月月月應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)

6、應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 101010201220122012年年年9 9 9月月月應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 -

7、1 - 111111201220122012年年年9 9 9月月月應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 121212201220122012年年年9 9 9月月月應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsAppl

8、ied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 131313201220122012年年年9 9 9月月月應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 141414201220122012年年年9 9 9月月月應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)

9、Applied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 151515201220122012年年年9 9 9月月月應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 1

10、61616201220122012年年年9 9 9月月月應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 171717應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statis

11、ticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 181818201220122012年年年9 9 9月月月應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 191919201220122012年年年9 9 9月月月應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied St

12、atisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 202020應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 212121應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied Statisti

13、csApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 222222201220122012年年年9 9 9月月月應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 232323統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)基本上是寄生的。

14、201220122012年年年9 9 9月月月應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 242424201220122012年年年9 9 9月月月應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statis

15、ticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 252525201220122012年年年9 9 9月月月應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 262626201220122012年年年9 9 9月月月應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied St

16、atisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 272727201220122012年年年9 9 9月月月應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 282828統(tǒng)計(jì)方法統(tǒng)

17、計(jì)方法描述統(tǒng)計(jì)描述統(tǒng)計(jì)推斷統(tǒng)計(jì)推斷統(tǒng)計(jì)參數(shù)估計(jì)參數(shù)估計(jì)假設(shè)檢驗(yàn)假設(shè)檢驗(yàn)201220122012年年年9 9 9月月月應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 292929201220122012年年年9 9 9月月月應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied Statist

18、icsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 303030201220122012年年年9 9 9月月月應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 313131反映客觀現(xiàn)反映客觀現(xiàn)象的數(shù)據(jù)象的數(shù)據(jù)推斷統(tǒng)計(jì)推斷統(tǒng)計(jì)(利

19、用樣本信息和概率利用樣本信息和概率論對(duì)總體的數(shù)量特征進(jìn)論對(duì)總體的數(shù)量特征進(jìn)行估計(jì)和檢驗(yàn)等行估計(jì)和檢驗(yàn)等)概率論概率論(分布理論、大數(shù)定律和中分布理論、大數(shù)定律和中心極限定理等心極限定理等)描述統(tǒng)計(jì)描述統(tǒng)計(jì)(數(shù)據(jù)的收集、整理、數(shù)據(jù)的收集、整理、顯示和分析等顯示和分析等)201220122012年年年9 9 9月月月應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1

20、 - 1 - 323232201220122012年年年9 9 9月月月應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 333333201220122012年年年9 9 9月月月應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsA

21、pplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 343434201220122012年年年9 9 9月月月應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 353535201220122012年年年9 9 9月月月應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用

22、統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 363636201220122012年年年9 9 9月月月應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1

23、- 373737201220122012年年年9 9 9月月月應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 383838201220122012年年年9 9 9月月月應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplie

24、d StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 393939基本分類基本分類其他分類其他分類分類變量分類變量順序變量順序變量數(shù)字變量數(shù)字變量隨機(jī)變量隨機(jī)變量非隨機(jī)變量非隨機(jī)變量經(jīng)驗(yàn)變量經(jīng)驗(yàn)變量理論變量理論變量201220122012年年年9 9 9月月月應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistic

25、s1 - 1 - 1 - 404040 統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)的分類統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)的分類按時(shí)間狀況按收集方法201220122012年年年9 9 9月月月應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 414141201220122012年年年9 9 9月月月應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplie

26、d StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 424242p 觀測(cè)的數(shù)據(jù)觀測(cè)的數(shù)據(jù)(observational data) n 通過調(diào)查或觀測(cè)而收集到的數(shù)據(jù)n 在沒有對(duì)事物人為控制的條件下而得到的n 有關(guān)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)現(xiàn)象的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)幾乎都是觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)p 試驗(yàn)的數(shù)據(jù)試驗(yàn)的數(shù)據(jù)(experimental data) n 在試驗(yàn)中控制試驗(yàn)對(duì)象而收集到的數(shù)據(jù)n 比如，對(duì)一種新藥療效的試驗(yàn)，對(duì)一種新的農(nóng)作物品種的試驗(yàn)等n 自然科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的數(shù)據(jù)大多數(shù)都為試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)20122

27、0122012年年年9 9 9月月月應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 434343p 截面數(shù)據(jù)(cross-sectional data) n 在相同或近似相同的時(shí)間點(diǎn)上收集的數(shù)據(jù)n 描述現(xiàn)象在某一時(shí)刻的變化情況n 比如，2005年我國(guó)各地區(qū)的國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值數(shù)據(jù)p 時(shí)間序列數(shù)據(jù)(time series data) n 在不同時(shí)間上收集

28、到的數(shù)據(jù)n 描述現(xiàn)象隨時(shí)間變化的情況n 比如，2000年至2005年國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值數(shù)據(jù)201220122012年年年9 9 9月月月應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 444444201220122012年年年9 9 9月月月應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied

29、StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 454545數(shù)據(jù)的間接來源數(shù)據(jù)的間接來源中國(guó)統(tǒng)計(jì)出版社201220122012年年年9 9 9月月月應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 464646

30、201220122012年年年9 9 9月月月應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 474747201220122012年年年9 9 9月月月應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statis

31、ticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 484848數(shù)據(jù)來源數(shù)據(jù)來源間接來源間接來源直接來源直接來源出版物、網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版物、網(wǎng)絡(luò)調(diào)查調(diào)查實(shí)驗(yàn)實(shí)驗(yàn)抽樣調(diào)查抽樣調(diào)查普查普查工業(yè)普查工業(yè)普查農(nóng)業(yè)普查農(nóng)業(yè)普查經(jīng)濟(jì)普查經(jīng)濟(jì)普查概率抽樣概率抽樣非概率抽樣非概率抽樣隨機(jī)抽樣隨機(jī)抽樣分層抽樣分層抽樣機(jī)械抽樣機(jī)械抽樣整群抽樣整群抽樣統(tǒng)計(jì)報(bào)表統(tǒng)計(jì)報(bào)表調(diào)查方式2012年9月應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied S

32、tatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 494949應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 505050應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statist

33、icsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 515151應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 525252應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApp

34、lied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 535353應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 545454應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied S

35、tatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 555555應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 565656應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied Statist

36、icsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 575757應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 585858數(shù)據(jù)收集方法數(shù)據(jù)收集方法詢問調(diào)查詢問調(diào)查觀察觀察實(shí)驗(yàn)實(shí)驗(yàn)訪問調(diào)查訪

37、問調(diào)查郵寄調(diào)查郵寄調(diào)查電話調(diào)查電話調(diào)查電腦輔助電腦輔助座談會(huì)座談會(huì)個(gè)別深訪個(gè)別深訪2012年9月應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 595959應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Stat

38、isticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 606060201220122012年年年9 9 9月月月應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 616161201220122012年年年9 9 9月月月應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied

39、StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 626262201220122012年年年9 9 9月月月應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 636363201

40、220122012年年年9 9 9月月月應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 646464201220122012年年年9 9 9月月月應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistic

41、sApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 656565201220122012年年年9 9 9月月月應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 666666201220122012年年年9 9 9月月月應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied Stati

42、sticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 676767數(shù)據(jù)來源數(shù)據(jù)來源間接來源間接來源直接來源直接來源出版物、網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版物、網(wǎng)絡(luò)調(diào)查調(diào)查實(shí)驗(yàn)實(shí)驗(yàn)抽樣調(diào)查抽樣調(diào)查普查普查數(shù)據(jù)收集方法數(shù)據(jù)收集方法詢問調(diào)查詢問調(diào)查觀察實(shí)驗(yàn)觀察實(shí)驗(yàn)訪問調(diào)查訪問調(diào)查郵寄調(diào)查郵寄調(diào)查電話調(diào)查電話調(diào)查電腦輔助電腦輔助座談會(huì)座談會(huì)個(gè)別深訪個(gè)別深訪觀察觀察實(shí)驗(yàn)實(shí)驗(yàn)工業(yè)普查工業(yè)普查農(nóng)業(yè)普查農(nóng)業(yè)普查經(jīng)濟(jì)普查經(jīng)濟(jì)普查概率抽樣概率抽樣非概率抽樣非概率抽樣隨機(jī)抽樣隨機(jī)抽

43、樣分層抽樣分層抽樣機(jī)械抽樣機(jī)械抽樣整群抽樣整群抽樣2012年9月應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 686868201220122012年年年9 9 9月月月應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsAppli

44、ed StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 696969201220122012年年年9 9 9月月月應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 707070應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplie

45、d StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 717171數(shù)據(jù)的誤差數(shù)據(jù)的誤差抽樣誤差抽樣誤差非抽樣誤差非抽樣誤差抽樣框誤差抽樣框誤差回答誤差回答誤差無回答誤差無回答誤差調(diào)查員誤差調(diào)查員誤差應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Stat

46、istics1 - 1 - 1 - 727272抽樣誤差(sampling error)1. 由于抽樣的隨機(jī)性所帶來的誤差 2. 所有樣本可能的結(jié)果與總體真值之間的平均性差異 3. 影響抽樣誤差的大小的因素n 樣本量的大小n 總體的變異性應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied StatisticsApplied Statistics1 - 1 - 1 - 737373應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)應(yīng)用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)Applie