2022年《英語演講與辯論》期末考試復(fù)習重點

1、優(yōu)秀教案歡迎下載英語演講與辯論復(fù)習重點一、三種演講的定義introductory speech : the speech is written in manuscript form and is designed to fulfill two purposes.the first is to give you a brief, initial exposure to speaking before an audience.the second is to provide a piece of original prose that can be used to help diagnose yo

2、ur strengths and weakness as a writer. informative speech :is the one in which the speaker provide the audience with new and/or useful information about a significant topic. persuasive speech : this is a speech designed to persuade the audience for or against a question or policy. 二、演講稿三大板塊1、introdu

3、ction relate topic to the audience present the topic to the audience attract attention build credibility present main points 2、conclusionsum up 3、body informative speech 1) visual aids 精品學(xué)習資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 1 頁，共 7 頁 - - - - - - - - -精品學(xué)習資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - -

4、- 第 1 頁，共 7 頁 - - - - - - - - -優(yōu)秀教案歡迎下載kinds of visual aid a. objects and models b. photographs and drawings c.graphs d. charts e. videos f.the speaker g. powerpoint tips for preparing visual aids a. keep visual aids simple b. make sure visual aids are large enough c.use fonts that are easy to read

5、d. use color effectively 2)organization pattern a. chronological order 時間順序b. spacial order 空間順序c.topical order 話題順序persuasive speech 1) question of fact 2) question of value 3) question of policy（passive agreement & immediate action) a. problem-solution pattern order 問題出路法話題順序精品學(xué)習資料 可選擇p d f -

6、- - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 頁，共 7 頁 - - - - - - - - -精品學(xué)習資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 2 頁，共 7 頁 - - - - - - - - -優(yōu)秀教案歡迎下載b. problem-cause-solution order 問題成因出路法c.comparative advantages order 優(yōu)惠對比法 (pros&cons）d. motivated sequence 動機序列法(seek immediate action and more detailed ）five

7、 steps of motivated sequence i.attention ii.need iii. satisfaction iv. visualization v.action 三、supporting material的運用（分析題會用到）problems: 1. foreign languages,foreign laws,customs and regulations 2. exchange rates varies 3. numerous cultural differences 4. first-hand accurate information is comparativ

8、ely hard to obtain. 簡單例證1. examples 延展例證假設(shè)brief example extended example hypothetical example 精品學(xué)習資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 頁，共 7 頁 - - - - - - - - -精品學(xué)習資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 3 頁，共 7 頁 - - - - - - - - -優(yōu)秀教案歡迎下載2. statistics . a. use representative statistics b.

9、identify the sources of statistics c.use statistics from reliable sources d. round off complicated statistics e. explain statistics f.use visual aids to clarify statistics 3. testimony a. decide whether to quote or paraphrase b. quote or paraphrase accurately c.use testimony from qualified sources s

10、ingle statistics multiple statistics expert peel 精品學(xué)習資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 4 頁，共 7 頁 - - - - - - - - -精品學(xué)習資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 4 頁，共 7 頁 - - - - - - - - -優(yōu)秀教案歡迎下載d. use testimony from unbiased sources e. identify the people you quote or paraphrase 四、簡答1、inter

11、cultural competence 2、mental dialogue 3、使用 visual aids 的好處 4、為什么確定 specific purpose特別重要5、為什么道德標準很重要五、methods of persuasion 1. building credibility 1) factors of credibility a. competence b. character 2) enhancing your credibility a. explain your competence b. establish common ground with your audien

12、ce c.deliver your speeches fluently.expressively and with conviction 2. using evidence a. use specific evidence b. use novel evidence( 新穎的）精品學(xué)習資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 5 頁，共 7 頁 - - - - - - - - -精品學(xué)習資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 5 頁，共 7 頁 - - - - - - - - -優(yōu)秀教案歡迎下載c.use e

13、vidence from credible sources d. make clear the point of your evidence 3. reasoning(is a process of drawing a conclusion on the basis of evidence）1) reasoning from specific instance (from a number of particular facts to a general conclusion ）（歸納）a. avoid generalizing too hastily b. make sure the ins

14、tances you present are fair, unbiased and representative. c.reinforce your argument with statistics or testimony. 2) reasoning from principle ( from a general principle to a specific conclusion) （演繹）注意：causal reasoning analogical reasoning fallacies a. red herring 轉(zhuǎn)移話題（熏青魚）（a fallacy that introduces

15、 an irrelevant issue to divert attention from the subject under discussion) b. ad hominem 人身攻擊(a fallacy that attacks the person rather than dealing with the real issue in dispute) 精品學(xué)習資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第 6 頁，共 7 頁 - - - - - - - - -精品學(xué)習資料 可選擇p d f - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 第

16、6 頁，共 7 頁 - - - - - - - - -優(yōu)秀教案歡迎下載c.bandwagon 主流思想謬誤(a fallacy that assumes that because something is popular,it is therefore good,correct or desirable) d.slippery slope 斜坡謬誤（不合理地使用連串的因果關(guān)系）(a fallacy that assumes that taking a first step will lead to subsequent steps that cannot be prevented) 4. appealing to emotions (when persuasion is the end, passion also must be engaged) 1) using emotional language 2)