非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的測(cè)試特點(diǎn)和應(yīng)對(duì)策略

1、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞測(cè)試特點(diǎn)和應(yīng)對(duì)策略一、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞近兒年的語(yǔ)法測(cè)試中非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞約占31.1%,平均每年近5道題，可謂是語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目考查的重 點(diǎn)，那么非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的考查都有哪些特點(diǎn)，解答時(shí)又應(yīng)注意些什么呢？下面我和大家就一起 來(lái)分析一下：1、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考查特點(diǎn)1) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞打非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的判斷對(duì)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞區(qū)別的考查主要集中在獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，如：all things because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothingbuttake the train. (1999. 1)a. had beon canceled b. have been c

2、anceledc. were canceled d. having been canceled四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中冇三個(gè)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，只冇d是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，只要同學(xué)們能判斷出這里是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng) 詞做狀語(yǔ)，則不用考慮時(shí)態(tài)的問(wèn)題，答案自明。2) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后不定式與動(dòng)名詞的選擇謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后接不定式還是接動(dòng)名詞也是四級(jí)語(yǔ)法測(cè)試中的一個(gè)題眼。如：%1 i don't mindthe decision as long as it is not too late.(2000. 1)a. you to delay making b. your delaying makingc. your delaying to make

3、 d. you delay to make%1 had i remembered the windows, the thief wouid not havegot in. (1996. 1)a. to close b. closingc. to have closed d. having closed%1 your hair wants . you，d better have it done tomorrow.a. cut b. to cut c. cutting d. being cut (1997. 6)這類(lèi)題涉及三個(gè)方面：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后應(yīng)該接不定式還是動(dòng)名詞？即可接不定式乂可接動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)

4、和意思上有何差別？不定式與動(dòng)名詞用主動(dòng)形式還是用被動(dòng)形式？3) 做定語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的選擇從近幾年的考杏情況來(lái)看，對(duì)做定語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的考查有兩種情況：(1) 對(duì)一般概念的考查，而不是固定結(jié)構(gòu)中的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做定語(yǔ)。如：%1 the project by the end of 2000, will expand the city'stelephone network to cover 1,000,000 users. (1999.6)a. accomplished b. being accomplishedc. to be accomplished d. having been accom

5、plished%1 if i correct someone, t wi11 do it with so much good humorand self-restraint as if i were the one . (1996.6)a. to correct b. correctingc. having been corrected d. being corrected同學(xué)們只婆掌握非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做定語(yǔ)的-般的規(guī)律，就nj以判斷題答案為c,題答案為do(2) 對(duì)固定結(jié)構(gòu)的考查，如：%1 the professor could hardly find sufficient grounds his

6、arguments in favor of the new thcory. (2000.6)a to be based on b to base onc. which to base on d. on which to base%1 the pressure causes americans to be energetic, but italso puts them under a constant emotioneil straina. to compete b. competingc to be competed d. having competed%1 題為不定式做定語(yǔ)的固定形式，答案為

7、d,題為某些特定名詞的定語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，答案為a。在 英語(yǔ)屮有些名詞，如動(dòng)詞變來(lái)的名詞，形容詞變來(lái)的名詞，以及means, way, time, moment, reason等要求其后用不定式做定語(yǔ)，不定式?jīng)]有體的變化。4) 做狀語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的選擇做狀語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主要考查其各利形式的選擇，如:%1 the earth to be flat, many feared that columbus wou1dfall off the edge of the earth. (1996.6)a. having believed b. believingc. believed d. being believe

8、d%1 a teacher in a university, it is necessary to have at1 east a master's degree. (1995. 1)a. to become b. become c. one becomes d. on becoming%1 realizing that he hadn't enough money and to borrow from his father, he decided to sol 1 his watch. (1995. 1)a. not wanted b. no to want c. not w

9、anting d. wanting not%1 it or not, his discovery has created a stir in scientificcircles. (1997. 1)a. believe b. to believe c. believing d. believed從以上各題來(lái)看，考查的側(cè)重點(diǎn)有：狀語(yǔ)類(lèi)別的判斷不同的狀語(yǔ)對(duì)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的要求不同，fi的狀語(yǔ)要求用不定式，如。(2) 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與句子屬于之間的邏輯關(guān)系根據(jù)主謂關(guān)系或動(dòng)賓關(guān)系的不同來(lái)確定用現(xiàn)在分詞還是用過(guò)去分詞。(3) 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定形式not否定非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)置于非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，如。(4) 獨(dú)立成分有些

10、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的使用不受與句子主語(yǔ)關(guān)系的限制，稱(chēng)為獨(dú)立成分，這類(lèi)成分只記憶即可。 如：gen oral i y speak ing, judg ing from., to tel 1 the truth., 等。5) 做補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的選擇做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞受謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的限制，不同動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)形式要求不同。近 幾年對(duì)各類(lèi)賓補(bǔ)都有考査。如： they are going to have the service man an electric fan in theofficetomorrow(1998 1)a. install b to install c to be installed

11、 d installed%1 after a few rounds of talks, both sides regarded the territory dispute (199& 6)a. being settled b. to be settledc had settled d as settled%1 you wi11 see this product wherever you go. (2000.6)a. to be advertised b< advertisedc. advertise d. advertising%1 his remarks left meabou

12、t his real purpose. (19996)a. wondered b wonder c to wonder d. wondering%1 when i caught him me t stopped buying things there and starteddealingwith a cheating the sale audienceanother shop. (1997. 1)b cheat c. to cheat d to be cheatingusually takes place outside the house, with the on benches, chai

13、rs or boxes. (2000.1)a. having seated b. seating c. seated d. having been seated 考查涉及到感官動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，如。have, make, let, leave等特殊單詞后的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。regard類(lèi)后面的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)with獨(dú)立分句后面的常用動(dòng)詞后而的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。6) 做表語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的選擇表語(yǔ)的考查多側(cè)重于分詞做表語(yǔ)形式的選擇，很少冇動(dòng)名詞的用法的考查，雖然選項(xiàng)中冇不 定式作為干擾項(xiàng)，只要能看出是做表語(yǔ)的也就不用考慮。如： the house was very quiet, as it was on the

14、 si de of themountain. (1999. 6)a isolated b. isolatingc. being isolated d. having been isolated these surveys indicate that many crimes goby the police, mainlybecausenot al 1 victims report them. (2000.6)a. unrecorded b< to be unrecordedc. unrecording d to have been unrecorded分詞做表語(yǔ)可以做系動(dòng)詞be的表語(yǔ)，也可

15、以做其它系動(dòng)詞的表語(yǔ),如go, feel, seem, look, remain等等。這些系動(dòng)詞后非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的餓用法規(guī)則是相同的。7) to作為介詞與作為不定式符號(hào)的選擇to可以是介詞，也可以用來(lái)引導(dǎo)不定式，四級(jí)考試屮對(duì)種類(lèi)川法的考查也比較多。如：%1 1 have no objection your story again. (2000.6)a to hear b to hearingc to having heard d to have heard%1 the traditional approach with complex problems is to break downintosm

16、aller, more easily managed problems. (1996.6)a to dealing b. in dealing c. dealing d to deal%1 the man in the corner confessed toa lie to the managerof the company. (1997. 6)a. have told b. be told c. being told d. having told這類(lèi)考題的考查方式有兩種，一是四個(gè)選項(xiàng)屮有兩個(gè)相對(duì)的選項(xiàng)to do something和to doingsomething,這時(shí)考查的自然是to的性

17、質(zhì);另一種是to在題干中,如。8) 分詞前連詞的使用分詞前連詞的使用是為了使分詞的作用更加明了，使考生更加準(zhǔn)確地理解試題。考查有兩種 情況(1) 根據(jù)連詞選樣適當(dāng)?shù)姆衷~形式michael used to look hurt and surprised when. (1995.1)a. scolding b. to scold c. having scolded d. scoldedwhen的使用說(shuō)明非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞做時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，答案不可能是b,從scold與句子主語(yǔ)間的邏輯關(guān) 系來(lái)看，應(yīng)該是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，答案應(yīng)該是d。(2) 根據(jù)狀語(yǔ)的功能選擇不同的連詞careful surveys have indic

18、ated that as many as 50 percent ofpatient do not take drugs directed. (1996 1)a. like b. so c. which d. as山上下文的意思可以看出，分詞所做的是方式狀語(yǔ)，連詞應(yīng)該是as。9) 非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的體非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞屮分詞的體冇完成體和進(jìn)行體，即having done, having been done和being done,完成體只用于做狀語(yǔ)的場(chǎng)合，而進(jìn)行體可以用于做定語(yǔ)和做補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。動(dòng)名詞的體也有having done, having been done和being done的結(jié)構(gòu)主要用于做主語(yǔ)和 賓語(yǔ)的場(chǎng)合。不定式的體有 to be doing 和 to have done,