2022年我的動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)

1、學習必備歡迎下載專題語法時態(tài)和語態(tài)時態(tài)英語中不同時間和方式發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)要用謂語動詞的不同形式來表示，這種表示 動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生時間和方式的動詞形式稱作動詞時態(tài)；時間主要有四個主要部分，即現(xiàn)在、過去、將來和過去將來；動作 方面也有四種，即 一般、完成、進行和完成進行；中學課本中常見的時態(tài)有以下幾種：時態(tài)構成用法一般主語動詞 單數(shù)第三人稱s表示現(xiàn)在的特點、狀態(tài)、 常常性動作或客現(xiàn)在時或 es觀事實等現(xiàn)在進行時主語am is，are現(xiàn)在分詞 表示說話時正在進行的動作或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作現(xiàn)在1 主語 willshall 動詞原形表示在現(xiàn)在看來將要發(fā)生的動作或存在將來時2 主語 am is, are

2、 going 的狀態(tài)to 動詞原形現(xiàn)在完成時主語 have has過去分詞1 動作發(fā)生于過去， 始終連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在， 可以和表示連續(xù)性的時間狀語連用；2 動作發(fā)生于過去，已經(jīng)完成， 但這個動作對現(xiàn)在有影響， 一般沒有明顯的時間狀語，主要通過上下文來懂得；時態(tài)構成用法一般過去時過去進行時主語動詞的過去式主語was were 現(xiàn)在分詞表示過去某時發(fā)生動作包括過去習慣性的動作 或存在的狀態(tài)表示過去某個時間正在進行的動作過去將來時過去完成時現(xiàn)在完成 進行時主語 would動詞原形 表示從過去某個時間看來將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)既可以表示在過去某一個時間或動作之前就主 語 had 過 去 分 詞 發(fā)生或完

3、成的動作，也可表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作始終連續(xù)到過去的另一個時間或動作；現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示從過去某一時間開頭一主語 have has been 直連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作；現(xiàn)在這個動作可能剛現(xiàn)在分詞剛終止，也可能仍在進行；學習必備歡迎下載動詞的時態(tài)是英語語法的重中之重，由于它們與句子結構、句子表達、語言規(guī)律緊密相連，無論是單項、完形、閱讀仍是書面表達都離不開時態(tài)；高考試題中常對以下幾種情形進行考查；1.一般現(xiàn)在時與現(xiàn)在進行時的用法比較一般現(xiàn)在時主要表示現(xiàn)在的特點、狀態(tài)、 常常性動作或客觀事實等；而現(xiàn)在進行時表示說話時正在進行的動作或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作；his daughter is always sh

4、y in public and she never dares to make a speech to the public. nick is looking for another job because he feels that nothing he does satisfies his boss. 留意：在時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句中，要用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來意義，而不能直接用將來時態(tài)；if you run into any problems when you arrive at the airport, give me a ring. 2一般將來時和過去將來時一般將來時主要用于表示在現(xiàn)

5、在看來將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)；過去將來時主要用于表示從過去某個時間看來將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)；will those teaching the children from abroad come to the headmaster's office. he told me if i didn't follow his advice, something bad would happen.留意： “will shall do和“”be going to do都”可表示意圖； 假如是事先考慮過的意圖，要用 begoing to ；假如是說話時暫時打算的，就用will ；i a

6、m going to spend my holiday on hainan island this winter.i am sorry. i forgot to post the letter for you.that's all right. i will post it myself.3一般過去時和現(xiàn)在完成時的用法比較一般過去時主要表示過去某時發(fā)生動作包括過去習慣性的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，和現(xiàn)在沒有任何關系，可以和表示過去的時間狀語連用；而現(xiàn)在完成時有兩種用法：(1) 動作發(fā)生于過去，始終連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，可以和表示連續(xù)性的時間狀語連用；(2) 動作發(fā)生于過去，已經(jīng)完成，但這個動作對現(xiàn)在有影

7、響，一般沒有明顯的時間狀語，主要通過上下文來懂得；we volunteered to collect money to help the victims of the earthquake.he is the only one of the students who has been a winner of scholarship for three years. 4一般過去時和過去進行時的用法比較一般過去時表示動作已經(jīng)完成或在某一時間段內發(fā)生了某事；而過去進行時就表示動作的連續(xù)性，側重動作連續(xù)的長度；for the sake of her daughter's health, she

8、 decided to move to a warm climate.i hear he was writing a book last year, but i don't know whether he has finished it. 5一般過去時和過去完成時的用法比較過去完成時既可以表示在過去某一個時間或動作之前就發(fā)生或完成的動作，也可表示過去發(fā)生的某一動作始終連續(xù)到過去的另一個時間或動作；它和過去時的區(qū)分主要在于時間的參照點上；he began to learn english when he was fifteen.the little girl cried her hear

9、t out because she had lost her toy bear. 6現(xiàn)在完成時和過去完成時的用法區(qū)分現(xiàn)在完成時和過去完成時都可和表示一段時間的狀語連用，但現(xiàn)在完成時表示的是連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在；而過去完成時表示的是連續(xù)到過去某個時間；he had learned more than 5,000 english words when he entered the university at the age of 15. many people have suffered much from the endless increasing price.7現(xiàn)在完成進行時現(xiàn)在完成進行時雖然不屬于我

10、們中學課本中常見的八種時態(tài)，但是在近幾年的高考試題中頻頻顯現(xiàn)，應當引起我們的留意；現(xiàn)在完成進行時表示從過去某一時間開頭始終連續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作；現(xiàn)在這個動作可能剛剛終止，也可能仍在進行；where have you been. we have been looking for you everywhere.語態(tài)語態(tài)是表示主語和動詞之間語法關系及語義關系的動詞形式，有主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)兩種形式；英語中的語態(tài)和時態(tài)是不行分割的，每種時態(tài)都有其相應的語態(tài)形式學習必備歡迎下載語態(tài)構成例句the lionis considered the kingof一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)主語 amis, are過去分詞th

11、eforestas itisasymbolofcourage and power.現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)主語 amis, are being過去my car is being repaired at present.分詞主語willshallbe 過去分現(xiàn)在將來時的被動語態(tài)詞/ 主語 amis,areto be過去分詞going the new bridge willbe completed at the end of the year.現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)主 語 havehasbeeniam surprised that you shouldhave been過去分詞fooled by suc

12、h a simple trick.一般過去時的被動語態(tài)主語分詞was were 過去 marie curie took littlenotice of the honorsthat were given to her in her later years.過去進行時的被動語態(tài)主 語 waswerebeing 過去分詞 i had the distinct impression that i was beingfollowed.過去將來時的被動語態(tài)主語 wouldbe過去分詞the workers scented changes that would bemade in the company.

13、過去完成時的被動語態(tài)主語分詞had been 過去 thenewsuspensionbridgehadbeendesigned by the end of last month.2. 那個學校教日語；japanese is taught in that school.留意：感官動詞主動語態(tài)的賓語補足語是不帶to 的不定式，變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，該不定式前要加 "to" ；例如：the teacher made me go out of the classroom.-> i was made to go out of the classroom （ by the teache

14、r） .we saw him play football on the playground. -> he was seen to play football on theplayground.被動語態(tài)中的特殊用法：1. 短語動詞的被動語態(tài)短語動詞是一個整體，不行丟掉后面的介詞或副詞；例如：my sister will be taken care of by grandma.such a thing has never been heard of before.2. 表示 " 據(jù)說 " 或" 信任 "的詞組，基本上由 believe, consid

15、er, declare, expect, feel , report, say, see, suppose, think, understand等組成；例如：it is said that據(jù)說it is reported that 據(jù)報道it is believed that 大家信任it is hoped that 大家期望it is well known that 眾所周知it is thought that 大家認為it is suggested that 據(jù)建議it is taken granted that 被視為當然it has been decided that 大家打算it m

16、ust be remember that 務必記住的是3. 不用被動語態(tài)的情形1） 不及物動詞或不及物動詞短語，如 appear, die disappear, end（vi.終止） , fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand, break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place 等沒有無被動語態(tài)；例如：after the fire, very little remained of my house.比較： rise, fall, happ

17、en 是不及物動詞； raise, seat是及物動詞；（錯） the price has been risen.（對） the price has risen.（錯） the accident was happened last week.（對） the accident happened last week.（錯） the price has raised.（對） the price has been raised.學習必備歡迎下載（錯） please seat.（對） please be seated.要想正確地使用被動語態(tài)，就須留意哪些動詞是及物的，哪些是不及物的；特殊是一詞多義的動詞

18、往往有兩種用法；解決這一問題唯有在學習過程中多留意積存；2） 不能用于被動語態(tài)的及物動詞或動詞短語，如fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to等；例如：this key just fits the lock.your story agrees with what had already been

19、heard.3） 系動詞無被動語態(tài)， 如 appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn 等；例如： it sounds good.4） 帶同源賓語的及物動詞如die/death, dream/dream， live/life等，以及反身代詞，相互代詞，不能用于被動語態(tài)；例如：she dreamed a bad dream last night. 5） 當賓語是不定式時，很少用于被動語態(tài)；例如：（對） she likes to swim.（錯）

20、to swim is liked by her.4. 主動形式表示被動意義1） wash, clean, cook, iron, look, cut, sell, read, wear, feel, draw, write, sell等；例如： the book sells well.這本書銷路好；this knife cuts easily.這刀子很好用；2） blame, let（出租） , remain, keep, rent, build 等；例如： i was to blame for the accident.事故發(fā)生了，我該受指責；much work remains.仍有很多活要

21、干；3） 在 need, require, want, worth（形容詞） , deserve 后的動名詞必需用主動形式；例如： the door needs repairing.= the door needs to be repaired. 門該修了；this book is worth reading.這本書值得一讀；4） 特殊結構： make sb. heard / understood （使別人能聽見 / 懂得自己）等；例如：explain it clearly and make yourself understood.說明清晰些，讓別人懂得你的話；5. 被動形式表示主動意義，如b

22、e determined, be pleased, be graduated（from ） , be prepared （ for） , be occupied （ in） , get married 等；例如：he is graduated from a famous university.他畢業(yè)于一所出名的高校；留意：表示同某人結婚，用marry sb.或 get married to sb. 均可；例如： he married a rich girl.他與一個富妞結婚了；he got married to a rich girl.6. need/want/require/worth當 n

23、eed, want, require, be worth 后面接 doing 時，表示的是被動意義；例如： your hair wants cutting.你的頭發(fā)該理了；the floor requires washing.地板需要沖洗；典型例題the library needs, but it'll have to wait until sunday.a. cleaningb. be cleanedc. cleand. being cleaned答案 a. need （實意） +n /to do ，need（情態(tài)） + do ，當為被動語態(tài)時， 仍可 need + doing.此題

24、考最終一種用法，選a ；如有 to be cleaned 就也為正確答案；練習：動詞時態(tài)與語態(tài)1. when i saw mary, sheon the piano.a. is playingb. playsc. was playingd. played2. shethe door before she goes away.a. had lockedb. is lockingc. has locked.d. was locking.3. a hunter is a man whoanimals.a. catchb. catchesc. will catchd. was catching4. w

25、hatif i drink this.a. happensb. is happeningc. will happend. is happened5. i will visit you if fatherme.a. letb. letsc. is lettingd. will let6. look out. that treefall down.a. is going tob. will bec. shalld. would7. my uncleto see me. he'll be here soon.a. comesb. is comingc. had comed. came8. t

26、hey can't leave until theytheir work.a. didb. are doingc. have doned. has done9. "has he seen this film." " yes. heit several days ago. "a. sawb. has seenc. had seend. was seeing10. now mike isn't here. hemr green's. perhaps heback in a few minutes.a. went to; is comi

27、ngb. has gone to; will comec. has been to; will bed. is going to; has come11. that day he .his clothes before he came to see me.a. has washedb. washedc. had been washingd. was washed12. i haven't finished my composition.ifor two hours and a half.a. have written itb. have been writing itc. wrote

28、itd. am writting it13. i will take my daughter with me when ishanghai,a. go tob. will go toc. have been tod. have gone to14. this bright girlthe truth in front of the enemy.a. didn't sayb. couldn't speak toc. saidd. didn't tell15. the bridge whichlast year looks really beautiful.a. was b

29、uiltb. builtc. was set upd. had been built16. " whenschool begin."" next monday. "a. hasb. doesc. didd. is going to17. i willhere till you give me some money.a. leaveb. not leavec. comed. return18. ihere since i moved here.a. will workb. workedc. workd. have been working19. every

30、 time ithere, i will buy him something nice.a. wentb. will goc. god. have gone20. it was said that his father.a. has diedb. died.c. has been deadd. had died21. we won't go unless yousoon.a. had comeb. camec. will comed. come 22.six years since i began studying english.a. they have beenb. it isc.

31、 it wasd. there are23. theythe summer palace three times.a. have gone to b. have been to c. have been in d. have gone into24. "how long haven't we seen each other. ""well, itnearly two years since welast. "a. is/have metb. was/had metc. is/metd. has been/had met25. "have

32、 you seen the art exhibition." "no,there. "a. it was not being heldb. they didn't holdc. it had not heldd. they were holding it26. don't get off the bus until it.a. stopb. will stopc. stoppedd. has stopped27. "wherethe recorder. i can't see it anywhere." "ii

33、t right here. but now it's gone. "a. did you put/have putb. have you put/putc. had you put/was puttingd. were you putting/have put28. they asked me to have a drink with them. i said that it was 10 years since ia good drink.a. had enjoyedb. was enjoying c. enjoyedd. had been enjoying29. don&

34、#39;t come tonight. i would rather youtomorrow.a. comeb. camec. will comed. coming30. you.a. do/marryb. have/married c. have/been married d. are/married31. when heall the newspapers, he'll go home.a. sellsb. has soldc. will have soldd. will be sold32. "this clothwell andlong. ""ok

35、. i'll take it. "a. washes/lastsb. is washed/lastedc. washes/is lastedd. is washing/lasting33. "hurry up, youon the phone. " "oh, i'm coming. thank you. "a. are wantedb. are being wantedc. wantd. are wanting34. isee you, but i didn't, for i had no time.a. had wan

36、ted to b. has wanted to c. wantedd. was wanted35. iin guang zhou for six years by this october.a. have livedb. was livingc. will be livingd. shall have lived36. by this time next year hefrom the college.a. will be graduatingb. should be graduatingc. will have graduatedd. is graduating37. our teacher

37、 told us that the earthfrom west to east.a. turnsb. turnc. has turnedd. had turned38. my brotherwhile hehis bicycle and hurt himself.a. fell/was ridingb. fell/were ridingc. had fallen/roded. had fallen/was riding39. bill said hetwenty-one the next year.a. was going to beb. was about to bec. could bed. was to be40. it is high time youin bed now.a. areb. werec. will bed. would be41. after a while an agreement.a. was arrived at b. was