《中考英語總復(fù)習(xí)》考點(diǎn)27 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句-備戰(zhàn)2020年中考英語考點(diǎn)一遍過

1、命題趨勢：定語從句是中考必考考點(diǎn)之一，主要考查的是時(shí)態(tài)及賓語從句的語序，有時(shí)也會(huì)考查定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞。考查的主要形式是單項(xiàng)填空、完形填空、短文填空和完成句子。閱讀理解和書面表達(dá)肯定也會(huì)考查到定語從句。因此學(xué)生要熟練掌握定語從句的用法。關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句最為常見和常考。中考考查重點(diǎn)： 關(guān)系代詞的用法；在復(fù)合句中修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾的名詞或代詞后面。定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞稱為先行詞。引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞稱為關(guān)系詞，關(guān)系詞有關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞。關(guān)系副詞有when，where，why等關(guān)系副詞的基本用法1. when在句中作狀語，表示時(shí)間。he rememb

2、ers the day when he joined the league. 他記得他入團(tuán)那天。this was the time when he arrived. 這是他到達(dá)的時(shí)間。2. where在句中作狀語，表示地點(diǎn)。this is the place where lu xun was born. 這就是魯迅出生的地方。this is the place where he works. 這是他工作的地點(diǎn)。3. why在句中作狀語，表示原因。this is the reason why he is late today. 這就是他今天遲到的原因。nobody knows the reaso

3、n why he is often late for school. 沒人知道他為什么上學(xué)總遲到?！镜淅縤 love places the people are really friendly. a. that b. which c. in where d. where【答案】d【解析】句意：我喜歡民風(fēng)淳樸的地方。根據(jù)先行詞是places，從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語，可知引導(dǎo)詞是in which或者是where，故選d。【易錯(cuò)提醒】1. 當(dāng)先行詞為地點(diǎn)名詞時(shí)，如果關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語或賓語，則用that或which引導(dǎo)。如：this is the house which/that was built

4、 by my grandfather forty years ago.這是我爺爺在40年前建造的房子。（定語從句中缺少主語，所以要用which/that，而不用where）2. 當(dāng)position，point，case，stage，situation，atmosphere等表示抽象地點(diǎn)的名詞充當(dāng)先行詞時(shí)，若定語從句中缺少狀語，則用where來引導(dǎo)。如：its helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.把孩子們放在一個(gè)能夠讓他們從不同角度看待自己的環(huán)境中對他們很有幫助。3. 關(guān)

5、系副詞why指原因，代替先行詞并在定語從句中作原因狀語，其先行詞一般是reason。is this the reason why (for which) he refused our help? 這是他拒絕我們幫助的理由嗎？【典例】we will put off the picnic in the park until next week, the weather may be better.a. thatb. wherec. whichd. when【參考答案】d【試題解析】句意：我們將把公園的野餐推遲到下個(gè)星期，那時(shí)天氣可能會(huì)更好。這是一個(gè)定語從句，先行詞是next week，定語從句缺少

6、時(shí)間狀語，所以用關(guān)系副詞when引導(dǎo)。故選d?！疽族e(cuò)提醒】當(dāng)先行詞是時(shí)間名詞時(shí)，既可以用when引導(dǎo)定語從句，也可以用that或which引導(dǎo)定語從句，關(guān)鍵要看關(guān)系詞在從句中作何種成分。若關(guān)系詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)狀語，用when引導(dǎo)；若關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)主語或賓語，則用that或which引導(dǎo)。如：do you remember the days when we chatted with each other all night?你還記得我們整夜聊天的那些日子嗎？（when在從句中作狀語）do you remember the days that/which we spent together

7、on the farm?你還記得我們在農(nóng)場一起度過的那些日子嗎？（that或which作spent的賓語）【速記口訣】關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞when/where/why，從中作狀莫懈怠；時(shí)間用when原因why，地點(diǎn)where經(jīng)常在；關(guān)系副詞可替換，介詞加上關(guān)系代；關(guān)系代，關(guān)系代，that與who要除外；挑選介詞要聰明，必看動(dòng)詞和先行；聰明反被聰明誤，只因亂用關(guān)系副；關(guān)系副，關(guān)系副，定缺主賓它不??；它不住，它不住，關(guān)系代詞來玩酷。1. have you ever heard of the news _ is about the strawberry concert?a. whob. whatc. w

8、hichd. when2. language learning isnt hard itself. the attitude _ you have decided if you can learn it well at lasta. what b. who c. which3. the panda is a kind of animal _ i like best. a. whob. whichc. whered. what4. the beautiful girl _ came here last saturday is my friend.a. whichb. wherec. whomd.

9、 who5. there will be a flower show in the park _ we visited last week.a. who b. where c. which6. do you know the man _ saved five people in the fire?a. whob. itc. whend. whom7. where is the school english speech contest going to be held tonight?im not sure. is it in the hall _ can hold 300 people?a.

10、 whereb. whatc. thatd. when8. its bad for health to hurry to move into a house _ has new furniture in it.a. who b. where c. that9. i know a place _ we can have a big meal. a. thatb. wherec. whichd. what10. do you like swimming in winter?of course. the water _ a bit cold at first but then i am warm a

11、nd full of energy. a. tastesb. feelsc. smellsd. looks11. which song do you like better, lucy?i prefer the song little apple _ can attract many people.a. whichb. whoc. whomd. where12. the dog _ played with you just now is _.a. which; mineb. which; myc. what; mined. what; my13. studying in groups is a

12、 popular way _ can develop students ability. a. whichb. whatc. whod. whom14. do you know deng ziqi _ sings the song pao mo. a. whichb. whoc. whend. where15. what are you doing?im reading the book _ you lent me last week. a. whatb. whoc. whend. that1. （2019 江蘇省淮安市）the charities have helped more child

13、ren with the money _ people raise.a. whob. whatc. whered. which2. （2018 甘肅蘭州中考）i like the city _ the people are really kind and friendly.a. that b. which c. where d. who3.（2016 貴州黔西南）i cant remember the place _ i lived many years ago.a. that b. which c. where d. 4. _ is the teacher _ gave us the tal

14、k yesterday?she is having a meeting. a. where; whob. who; whosec. what; whod. what; which5. （2017 湖南長沙中考）what are you doing, tim?i am listening to the song long live _ makes me feel excited.a. which b. whoc. /1. （2016 浙江省平陰縣三模）sally, which room would you like to _?i like to live in a room _ is brigh

15、t enough. a. live in; that b. live in; wherec. live; thatd. live; where2. （2015 浙江省鄒城市模擬）the factory _ i am going to is the place _ my mother used to work many years ago. a. where; whereb. where; whichc. which; whered. which; which3. happiness and success often come to those _ are good at recognizin

16、g their own strengths. a. whereb. whoc. whatd. which4. （2016 平陰縣三模）sally, which room would you like to _?i like to live in a room _ is bright enough. a. live in; that b. live in; wherec. live; thatd. live; where5. （2015 鄒城市模擬）the factory _ i am going to is the place _ my mother used to work many yea

17、rs ago. a. where; whereb. where; whichc. which; whered. which; which6. （2016 句容市模擬）happiness and success often come to those _ are good at recognizing their own strengths.a. whereb. whoc. whatd. which7. _ is the teacher _ gave us the talk yesterday?she is having a meeting. a. where; whob. who; whose

18、c. what; whod. what; which8. tony, tell me the result of the discussion _ you had with your dad yesterday. a. whatb. whichc. whend. who 【跟蹤訓(xùn)練】1. c【解析】考查定語從句。先行詞是news指物，在定語從句中做主語，所以使用關(guān)系代詞which。 2. c【解析】考查定語從句。which這個(gè)關(guān)系代詞指代the attitude。在定語從句中做decided的賓語。 3. b【解析】考查定語從句。句意：熊貓是我最喜歡的一種動(dòng)物。此題考查定語從句，因?yàn)閍nima

19、ls是物，故用which，根據(jù)句意，故選b。 4. d【解析】考查定語從句。句意：上周六來這里的那個(gè)漂亮女孩兒是我的朋友。本句中有一個(gè)定語從句，先行詞是girl，排除ab，在定語從句中做主語，排除c。所以選擇who來作引導(dǎo)詞。 5. c【解析】考查定語從句。句意：在上周我參觀的那個(gè)花園里要有一個(gè)花展。此題考查定語從句，因?yàn)橄刃性~是park指物又做visit的賓語；根據(jù)句意，故選c。 6. a【解析】考查定語從句。此題考查定語從句。根據(jù)句意：你知道在大火中救出五個(gè)人的那個(gè)男的嗎？修飾人的用who并且在句子里作主語，因此答案選a。 7. c【解析】考查定語從句。本題考查定語從句。先行詞是hall，

20、表示地點(diǎn)，所以用that。 8. c【解析】考查定語從句?？疾槎ㄕZ從句。定語從句缺少主語，關(guān)系代詞用who, which或that，先行詞house指物，因此用which或that。 9. b【解析】考查定語從句。句意：我知道一個(gè)我們可以大吃一頓的地方。要確定正確的關(guān)系詞，首先要找出先行詞在從句中當(dāng)什么成分，特別是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因的名詞！因?yàn)樗鼈冊趶木渲锌梢允潜硎緯r(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或原因，但它們也可以在從句中當(dāng)主語，賓語或其它句子成份。在該句中。先行詞place在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，所以該用關(guān)系副詞where，因此選b。 10. b【解析】考查定語從句。句意：你喜歡在冬天游泳嗎？當(dāng)然。起初感覺水有點(diǎn)

21、冷，但隨后我感到溫暖和充滿活力。tastes嘗起來；feels覺得；smells聞起來；looks看起來。所以選b。 11. a【解析】考查定語從句。句意：露西，你更喜歡哪一首歌？我較喜歡吸引許多人的小蘋果。定語從句，當(dāng)先行詞是事物時(shí)，用關(guān)系詞that，which；當(dāng)先行詞是人時(shí)，用關(guān)系詞who，whom，that；當(dāng)先行詞指地點(diǎn)時(shí)，用關(guān)系詞where。先行詞the song little apple指事物，故選a。 12. a【解析】考查定語從句。句意：剛才和你一起玩的那條狗是我的。which哪一個(gè)；what什么；mine名詞性物主代詞，我的；my形容詞性物主代詞，我的。形容詞性物主代詞在句

22、只用作定語；名詞性物主代詞則不能用作定語，但可以用作主語、賓語、表語、連用of作定語。先行詞dog在定語從句中作主語可用關(guān)系代詞which代替。所以選a。 13. a【解析】考查定語從句。關(guān)系代詞which指代way，在定語從句中作主語。 14. b【解析】考查定語從句。本題考查定語從句引導(dǎo)詞的用法，句意：你認(rèn)識唱泡沫歌曲的鄧紫棋嗎？引導(dǎo)詞在 定語從句中作主語，先行詞是人，故選b。 15. d【解析】考查定語從句。先行詞the book是物，題目中作lend的賓語，因此用that?！菊骖}再現(xiàn)】1. d【解析】句意：慈善機(jī)構(gòu)用人們籌集的錢幫助了更多的兒童。a. who關(guān)系詞，先行詞是人；b. w

23、hat不能引導(dǎo)定語從句；c. where關(guān)系副詞，在定語從句中做狀語；d. which關(guān)系代詞，先行詞是物。people raise修飾the money，先行詞是物，關(guān)系詞用which引導(dǎo)。根據(jù)題意，故選d。2. c【解析】句意：我喜歡這個(gè)城市，那里的人們非常善良和友好。a. that先行詞是人或物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語；b. which先行詞指物，在定語從句中作主語或賓語；c. where先行詞是地點(diǎn)名詞，在定語從句中作狀語；d. who的先行詞是人，在定語從句中作主語。此句的先行詞是the city，為地點(diǎn)名詞，定語從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語，引導(dǎo)詞用where，答案為c?！军c(diǎn)睛】在定語從句

24、中，關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞，并在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作主語時(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。1) who, whom, that這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中所起作用如下：is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是想見你的人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語)he is the man whom/ that i saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天見的那個(gè)人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語)2) whose 用來指人或物，(只用作定語, 若指物，它還可以同of

25、 which互換)，例如：they rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人車壞了，大家都跑過去幫忙。3) which, that 它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等。關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用，例如：beijing is the place where (in which) i was bor

26、n. 北京是我的出生地。3. c【解析】句意：我記不起許多年前我住的地方了。the place后跟的是一個(gè)定語從句，先行詞是the place，指地點(diǎn)，在定語從句中作狀語從句，故用where作關(guān)系詞。故選c。4. a【解析】where詢問的是地點(diǎn)；who詢問的是人物；what引導(dǎo)賓語從句，作從句的邏輯主語或者賓語；根據(jù)答語she is having a meeting（她正在開會(huì)）可知，問題應(yīng)該是問那個(gè)老師在哪里，所以第一個(gè)空格填where。who引導(dǎo)的定語從句，在從句里作主語，whose意思是誰的，作定語；which的先行詞為物，在從句中作主語或賓語。第二個(gè)空：結(jié)合句意及句子特點(diǎn)可知為定語從

27、句，根據(jù)題意可知，先行詞是the teacher，引導(dǎo)詞在從句里作主語的成分，所以應(yīng)用who。故選a。5. a【解析】句意：蒂姆，你正在做什么？我正在聽歌曲萬歲，這首歌使我感到很興奮。先行詞是the song long live， 指物，且在從句中作主語，故選a。【模擬檢測】1. a【解析】根據(jù)which room would you like to可知這里考查live的用法，live 是一個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞，后面不能直接跟賓語，如果跟賓語的話，需要加其它的詞，在這里room作它的賓語，表示住在這個(gè)房間里，所以需要加介詞in；再根據(jù)i like to live in a room _ is brig

28、ht enough，本部分考查的是定語從句，room是先行詞，定語從句中缺少主語，that可作主語，where, how, in which不可作主語。選a。2. c【解答】考查定語從句的辨析。where 引導(dǎo)的定語從句，在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語，等于介詞+which；which哪一個(gè)，引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中作主語、賓語，一般指物。根據(jù)題意可知，先行詞為factory，指物，going to后面缺少一個(gè)賓語，故用which引導(dǎo)此定語從句；句子表語the place是第二個(gè)空格的先行詞，而后面my mother used to work many years ago缺少的是地點(diǎn)狀語，與先行詞the place之間要用介詞in連接，在定語從句中in which可用where表達(dá)，故用where引導(dǎo)，故選c。3. b【解答】本句考查的是定語從句。先行詞是those那些人，指人，同時(shí)引導(dǎo)詞又在后面的定語從句中作主語，故用who。4. a【解析】根據(jù) which room would you like to，可知這里考查 live 的用法，live是一個(gè)不及物動(dòng)詞， 后面不能直接跟賓語，如果跟賓語的話，需要加其它的詞，在這里room作它的賓語，表示住在這個(gè)房間里，所以需要加介詞 in；再根據(jù)i like t