2014年12月大學(xué)英語四級(jí)摸底測驗(yàn)真題及答案(第一套)

1、1 2014 年 12 月大學(xué)英語四級(jí)考試真題及答案(第一套 )passage one questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage. the rise of the internet has been one of the most transformative developments in human history, comparable in impact to the invention of the printing press and the telegraph. over two billion people wo

2、rldwide now have access to vastly more information than ever before, and can communicate with each other instantly , often using web-connected mobile devices they carry everywhere. but the internets tremendous impact has only just begun. mass adoption of the internet is driving one of the most excit

3、ing social, cultural, and political transformations in history, and unlike earlier periods of change, this time the effects are fully global, schmidt and cohen write in their new book the new digital age. perhaps the most profound changes will come when the five billion people worldwide who currentl

4、y lack internet access get online. the authors do an excellent job of examining the implications of the internet revolution for individuals, governments, and institutions like the news media. but if the book has one major shortcoming, its that authors dont spend enough time applying a critical eye t

5、o the role of internet businesses in these weeping changes. in their book, the authors provide the most authoritative volume to date that describes and more importantly predicts how the internet will shape our lives in the coming decades. they paint a picture of a world in which individuals, compani

6、es, institutions, and governments must deal with two realities, one physical, and one virtual. at the core of the book is the idea that technology is neutral, but people arent. by using this concept as a starting point, the authors aim to move beyond the now familiar optimist vs. pessimist dichotomy

7、 ( 對(duì)立觀點(diǎn) ) that has characterized many recent debates about whether the rise of the internet will ultimately be good or bad for society. in an interview with time earlier this week, cohen said although he and his co-author are optimistic about many aspects of the internet, theyre also realistic about

8、 the risks and dangers that lie ahead when the next five billion people come online, particularly with respect to personal privacy and state surveillance (監(jiān)視 ).56. in what way is the rise of the internet similar to the invention of the printing press and the telegraph? a) it transforms human history

9、.b) it facilitates daily communication. c) it is adopted by all humanity.d) it revolutionizes peoples thinking. 57. how do schmidt and cohen describe the effects of the internet? a) they are immeasurable. b) they are worldwide. c) they are unpredictable.d) they are contaminating. 58. in what respect

10、 is the book the new digital age considered inadequate?a) it fails to recognize the impact of the internet technology.b) it fails to look into the social implications of the internet.c) it lacks an objective evaluation of the role of internet businesses.2 d) it does not address the technical aspects

11、 of internet communication.59. what will the future be like when everybody gets online? a) people will be living in two different realities. b) people will have equal access to information.c) people dont have to travel to see the world d) people dont have to communicate face to face. 60. what does t

12、he passage say about the authors of the new digital age? a) they leave many questions unanswered concerning the internet.b) they are optimistic about the future of the internet revolution.c) they have explored the unknown territories of the virtual world. d) they dont take sides in analyzing the eff

13、ects of the internet.passage twoin 1950, a young man would have found it much easier than it is today to get and keep a job in the auto industry. and in that year die average autoworker could meet monthly mortgage (抵押貸款 ) payments on an average home with just 13.4 percent of his take-home pay. today

14、 a similar mortgage would claim more than twice that share of his monthly earnings. other members of the autoworkers family, however might be less inclined to tried the present for the past. his retired parents would certainly have had less economic, security back then. throughout much of the 1960s,

15、 more than a quarter of men and women and women age 65 and older lived below the poverty level, compared to less than 10 percent in 2010. in most states, his wife could not have taken out a loan or a card in her own name. in 42 states, a homemaker had no legal claim on the earnings of her husband. a

16、nd nowhere did a wife have legal protection against family violence. most black workers would not want to return to a time when, on average they earned 40 percent less than their white counterparts (職 位 相 當(dāng) 的 人 ), white racially restrictive agreements largely prevented them from buying into the subu

17、rban neighborhoods being built for white working-class families. today, new problems have emerged in the process of resolving old ones, but the solution is not to go back to the past. some people may long for an era when divorce was still hard to come by. the spread of no -fault divorce has reduced

18、the bargaining power of whichever spouse is more interested in continuing the relationship. and the breakup of such marriages has caused pain for many families. the growing diversity of family life comes with new possibilities as well as new challenges. according to a recent poll, more than 80 perce

19、nt of americans believe that their current family is as close as the one in which they grew up, or closer. finding ways to improve the life of the remaining 20 percent seems more realistic than trying to restore an imaginary golden age. 注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2 上作答。61. what do we learn about american autowork

20、ers in 1950? a) they had less job security than they do today.b) it was not too difficult for them to buy a house. c) their earnings were worth twice as much as today.d) they were better off than workers in other industries. 3 62. what does the author about retired people today? a) they invariably l

21、ong to return to the golden past.b) they do not depend so much on social welfare. c) they feel more secure economically than in the past. d) they are usually unwilling to live with their children. 63. why couldnt black workers buy a house in a white suburban neighborhood? a) they lacked the means of

22、 transportation. b) they were subjected to racial inequality. c) they were afraid to break the law. d) they were too poor to afford it. 64 what is the result of no -fault divorce? a) divorce is easier to obtain. b) domestic violence is lessened.c) it causes little pain to either side d) it contribut

23、es to social unrest. 65. what does the author suggest society do?a) get prepared to face any new challenges. b) try to better the current social security. c) narrow the gap between blacks and whites. d) improve the lives of families with problems.translation越多的中國年輕人正對(duì)旅游產(chǎn)生興趣，這是近年來的新趨勢(shì)。年輕游客數(shù)量的不斷增加，可以歸

24、因于他們迅速提高的收入和探索外部世界的好奇心。隨著旅行多了，年輕人在大城市和著名景點(diǎn)花的時(shí)間少了，他們反而更為偏遠(yuǎn)的地方所吸引，有些人甚至選擇長途背包旅行。最近調(diào)查顯示，很多年輕人想要通過旅行體驗(yàn)不同的文化、豐富知識(shí)、拓寬視野。in hard economy for all ages, older isnt better. its brutala young graduates are in debt, out of work and on their parents couches. people in their 30s and 40s cant afford to buy homes o

25、r have children. retirees are earning near-zero interest on their savings. b in the current listless (缺乏活力的 ) economy, every generation has a claim to having been most injured. but the labor departments latest jobs reports and other recent data present a strong case for crowning baby boomers ( 二戰(zhàn)后生育

26、高峰期出生的人) a) as the greatest victims of the recession and its dreadful consequences. c these americans in their 50s and early 60s those near retirement age who do not yet have access to medicare and social security have lost the most earnings power of any age 4 group, with their household incomes 10

27、percent below what they made when the recovery began three years ago, according to sentier research, a data analysis company. their retirement savings and home values fell sharply at the worst possible time: just before they needed to cash out. they are supporting both aged parents and unemployed yo

28、ung-adult children, earning them the unlucky nickname generation squeeze. d new research suggests that they may die sooner, because their health, income security and mental well -being were battered ( 重創(chuàng) ) by recession at a crucial time in their lives. a recent study by economists at wellesley colle

29、ge found that people who lost their jobs in the few years before becoming qualified for social security lost up to three years from their life expectancy (預(yù)期壽命 ), largely because they no longer had access to affordable health care. e unemployment rates for americans nearing retirement are far lower

30、than those for young people, who are recently out of school, with fewer skills and a shorter work history. but once out of a job, older workers have a much harder time finding another one. over the last year, the average duration of unemployment for older people was 53 weeks, compared with 19 weeks

31、for teenagers, according to the labor departments jobs report released on friday. f the lengthy process is partly because older workers are more likely to have been laid off from industries that are downsizing, like manufacturing. compared with the rest of the population, older people are also more

32、likely to own their own homes and be less mobile than renters, who can move to new job markets. g older workers are more likely to have a disability of some sort, perhaps limiting the range of jobs that offer realistic choices. they may also be less inclined, at least initially, to take jobs that pa

33、y far less than their old positions. h displaced boomers also believe they are victims of age discrimination, because employers can easily find a young, energetic worker who will accept lower pay and who can potentially stick around for decades rather than a few years. i in a survey by the center of

34、 older workers who were laid off during the recession, just one in six had found another job, and half of that group had accepted pay cuts. 14% of the re-employed said the pay in their new job was less than half what they earned in their previous job. i just say to myself: why me? what have 1 done t

35、o deserve this? said john agati, 56, whose last full-time job, as a product developer, ended four years ago when his employer went out of business. that position paid $90,000, and his resume lists jobs at companies like american express, disney and usa networks. since being laid off, though, he has

36、worked a series of part -time, low-wage, temporary positions, including selling shoes at lord & taylor and making sales calls for a car company. j the last few years have taken a toll not only on his familys finances, but also on his feelings of self-worth. you just get sad, mr. agati said. i se

37、e people getting up in the morning, going out to their careers and going home. i just wish i was doing that. some people dont like their jobs, or they have problems with their jobs, but at least theyre working. i just wish i was in their shoes. he said he cannot afford to go back to school, as many

38、younger people without jobs have done. even if he could afford it, economists say it is unclear whether older workers like him benefit much from more education. k it just doesnt make sense to offer retraining for people 55 and older, said daniel hamermesh, an economics professor. discrimination by a

39、ge, long-term unemployment, and the fact that theyre now at the end of the hiring queue just dont make it sensible to invest in 5 them. l many displaced older workers are taking this message to heart and leaving the labor force entirely. the share of older people applying for social security early r

40、ose quickly during the recession as people sought whatever income they could find. the penalty they will pay is permanent, as retirees who take benefits at age 62 will receive as much as 30% less in each months check for the rest of their lives than they would if they had waited until full retiremen

41、t age (66 for those born after 1942). m those not yet eligible for social security are increasingly applying for another, comparable kind of income support that often goes to people who expect never to work again: disability benefits. more than one in eight people in their late 50s is now on some fo

42、rm of federal disability insurance program, according to mark duggan, chairman of the department of business economics and public policy at the university of pennsylvanias wharton school. n the very oldest americans, of course, were battered by some of the same ill winds that tormented those now nea

43、ring retirement, but at least the most senior were cushioned by a more readily available social safety net. more important, in a statistical twist, they may have actually benefited from the financial crisis in the most fundamental way: prolonged lives. o death rates for people over 65 have historica

44、lly fallen during recessions, according to a november 2011 study by economists at the university of california, davis. why? the researchers argue that weak job markets push more workers into accepting relatively undesirable work at nursing homes, leading to better care for residents. 46. greater mobility puts younger people at an advantage i